03_Handout_2A(2).pdf

GE2406 A WORLD OF REGIONS ASIAN REGIONALISM In today's interconnected world, understanding global divides and...

GE2406 A WORLD OF REGIONS ASIAN REGIONALISM In today's interconnected world, understanding global divides and regional dynamics is essential to grasp the complexities of contemporary global issues. Asian Regionalism Asia, a continent known for its cultural diversity and economic dynamism, experiences various forms of regional cooperation and integration that influence its development trajectory. Dubbed Asian regionalism, it refers to the process of Asian countries coming together to foster cooperation, integration, and collective decision-making within the region. This regional cooperation aims to enhance economic growth, political stability, and cultural exchange among Asian nations. Asia is home to various regional organizations that promote cooperation across different sectors. ORGANIZATION FOUNDING YEAR PURPOSE Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 1989 Promote sustainable economic growth and (APEC) prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. FOUNDING MEMBERS: Australia Malaysia Brunei New Zealand Canada Philippines Indonesia Singapore Japan Thailand South Korea United States Association of Southeast Asian Nations 1967 Economic integration, political cooperation, (ASEAN) social progress, and cultural development. MEMBERS: Brunei Myanmar Cambodia Philippines Indonesia Singapore Laos Thailand Malaysia Vietnam Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi- 1997 To ensure dynamic and mutual cooperation, Sectoral Technical and Economic especially in the areas that are of common Cooperation (BIMSTEC) interest to the member countries. To create an environment for ensuring expeditious economic growth in the South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. MEMBERS: Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan Sri Lanka India Thailand Myanmar 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI Page 1 of 5  GE2406 ORGANIZATION FOUNDING YEAR PURPOSE South Asian Association for Regional 1985 Regional cooperation in economic, social, Cooperation (SAARC) cultural, technical, and scientific fields. Attempts to address common challenges in the region and foster regional stability. MEMBERS: Afghanistan Maldives Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan Pakistan India Sri Lanka South Asia Subregional Economic 2001 Enhancing cross-border connectivity between Cooperation (SASEC) the member nations, promoting trade and economic growth. MEMBERS: Bangladesh Myanmar Bhutan Nepal India Sri Lanka Maldives Impact of Globalization on Asian Regionalism Globalization profoundly influences Asian regionalism in several ways, shaping its economic, political, and socio-cultural dimensions. Here are the key impacts of globalization on Asian regionalism. Trade and Investment Globalization facilitates increased trade flows and investment within Asia and between Asian countries and the rest of the world. Regional economic integration efforts such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and bilateral trade agreements are accelerated by globalization, promoting cross-border economic activities. Supply Chains Globalization has led to the development of complex supply chains across Asia, with countries specializing in different stages of production. This integration enhances economic efficiency and competitiveness within the region. Regional Organizations Globalization encourages Asian countries to form and strengthen regional organizations such as ASEAN, SAARC, and BIMSTEC. These organizations promote political dialogue, conflict resolution, and cooperation on regional issues such as security, climate change, and disaster management. Soft Power and Diplomacy Increased connectivity and cultural exchanges due to globalization enhance countries' soft power. Asian countries use cultural diplomacy, tourism, and educational exchanges to strengthen regional ties and influence international relations. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI Page 2 of 5  GE2406 Cultural Exchange Globalization facilitates cultural exchanges among Asian countries, promoting mutual understanding, tolerance, and appreciation of diversity. This cultural interaction fosters regional identity and cohesion. Social Development Globalization contributes to the spread of technology, knowledge, and best practices in areas such as healthcare, education, and urban planning. This enhances social development and resilience within the region. Digital Connectivity Globalization promotes digital connectivity across Asia, bridging urban-rural divides and improving access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). This connectivity supports economic growth, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Technological Innovation Globalization encourages collaboration and innovation in technology-intensive industries across Asian countries. Joint research initiatives, technology transfers, and investments in innovation hubs contribute to regional technological advancement. Challenges and Opportunities Globalization can exacerbate inequalities within Thus, globalization shapes Asian regionalism by Asian countries and across the region. Disparities in promoting economic integration, enhancing political economic development, digital access, and cooperation, facilitating cultural exchange, educational opportunities may hinder inclusive advancing technological innovation, and presenting growth and social cohesion. Globalization influences both challenges and opportunities for sustainable Asia's environmental policies and practices. The development. Asian countries increasingly recognize region faces challenges such as pollution, resource the interconnectedness of their economies and depletion, and climate change, which require societies, driving deeper regional integration and regional cooperation and sustainable development collaboration in a globalized world. strategies. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression Globalization and Asian regionalism have complex and multifaceted impacts on the expression of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) in Asia. ASPECT IMPACT Awareness and Visibility Global Influence. The spread of ideas and advocacy from Western countries influences discussions and perceptions about SOGI in Asia. Awareness and Visibility Regional Responses. Platforms like ASEAN and SAARC facilitate exchanges on SOGI issues among member states. Legal and Policy Frameworks Global Standards. Pressure from global entities promotes adherence to international human rights norms regarding SOGI rights. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI Page 3 of 5  GE2406 ASPECT IMPACT Regional Variations. Adoption of varied legal protections across Asian countries influenced by cultural and political contexts. Social and Cultural Attitudes Cultural Exchange. Globalization exposes Asia to diverse perspectives, challenging traditional norms and promoting acceptance of SOGI diversity. Local Contexts. SOGI expression is influenced by local cultural and religious beliefs, nuanced by regional responses to global norms. Challenges and Resistance Conservative Backlash. Resistance to perceived foreign influences may restrict advocacy efforts for SOGI rights. Legal and Social Stigma. Continued stigma and discrimination based on SOGI in legal frameworks and societal attitudes, shaped by regional responses to global influences. Access to Services and Support Healthcare and Social Services. Globalization enhances access to healthcare and support networks for individuals with diverse SOGI. Digital Connectivity. Increased internet access facilitates SOGI advocacy and support networks, bridging gaps in regions with limited local resources. While they promote awareness, legal reforms, and cultural exchange that can advance SOGI rights, they also encounter challenges from conservative backlash and varying local contexts. Moving forward, continued dialogue, advocacy, and collaboration within and beyond regional frameworks are crucial to fostering inclusive societies where all individuals can express their sexual orientations and gender identities freely and without discrimination. Indigenous Peoples in the Philippine Context Globalization and Asian regionalism have profound impacts on Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Philippines, influencing their socio-economic conditions, cultural preservation, and rights. ASPECT IMPACT Economic Integration Globalization. Increased global trade and investment may lead to the exploitation of natural resources in IP lands for commercial gain, affecting traditional livelihoods and land rights. Regional Economic Initiatives. Integration into regional economic frameworks may create opportunities for IPs to participate in markets and value chains but also poses risks of marginalization and loss of land rights. Cultural Identity and Cultural Exchange. Exposure to global cultures can enrich cultural diversity Preservation but also threaten traditional knowledge and practices. Preservation Efforts. Regional and global recognition of indigenous cultures may promote cultural pride and heritage conservation efforts. Legal and Land Rights International Standards. Global human rights norms may influence Philippine policies on indigenous land rights and self-determination. Regional Cooperation. Participation in regional indigenous rights networks may enhance advocacy for land rights and legal protections. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI Page 4 of 5  GE2406 ASPECT IMPACT Education and Social Access to Education. Globalization may improve access to education for IPs, Development but cultural biases and language barriers can hinder effective learning. Access to Social Services. Participation in regional initiatives could enhance access to healthcare, infrastructure, and other services, improving quality of life. Environmental Impact Global Markets. Demand for natural resources in global markets can lead to environmental degradation and loss of traditional lands for IPs. Conservation Efforts. Collaboration on environmental protection initiatives can benefit indigenous territories and promote sustainable resource management. Globalization and Asian regionalism present both opportunities and challenges for Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines. Effective policies and frameworks that respect and protect their rights, culture, and environment are crucial for ensuring inclusive and sustainable development that benefits all segments of society. Reference Ananthavinayagan, T.V. & Shenoy, A.V. [Eds.] (2024). The wretched of the global south: Critical approaches to international human rights law. Springer Chu, C.P. & Park, C.S. [Eds.] (2023). Strategies in changing global orders: Competition and conflict versus cooperation. Springer Hastiadi, F.F. [Ed.] (2024). Economic resurgence in ASEAN: Navigating convergence, innovation, and trade for enhanced productivity. Palgrave Macmillan Sumugat, R. [RodmarSumugat] (2023). Asian regionalism 4.pptx [Slide show]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/asian-regionalism-4pptx/255664917 Villorente, J.O. [JhemOrtegaVillorente] (2023). ASIAN-REGIONALISM.pptx [Slide show]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/asianregionalismpptx-255380502/255380502 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI Page 5 of 5