IT Project Management - Online Class PDF

IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Note: Adapted from slide of the textbook: Schwalbe, Kathy. An Introduction to Project...

IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Note: Adapted from slide of the textbook: Schwalbe, Kathy. An Introduction to Project Management, Seventh Edition See the text itself for full citations. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 1 MIND MAP Program and Project Difference between Project Project Project Portfolio Agile predictive, agile, and Management Management Management hybridd Profession Project Project Attributes Programs What is agile stakeholders Project management Project portfolio What is an agile Project Constraints process groups and management mindset knowledge areas Tools and Techniques Project success Principles MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES ¡ Discuss the relationship between project, program, and ¡ Understand the growing need for better project, portfolio management and their contributions to enterprise program, and portfolio management success ¡ Explain what a project is, provide examples ¡ Understand important agile concepts of projects, list various attributes of projects, ¡ Explain the differences between predictive, agile, and and describe project constraints hybrid approaches to project management ¡ Define project management and discuss key ¡ Describe the project management profession, including the elements of project management using a process- role of project managers and suggested skills, the role of oriented approach and a principle-based approach professional organizations, the importance of certification and ethics, project management careers, and the growth of project and portfolio management software MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 3 WEEK 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT PART 1 PART 2 ¡ What is IT Project? ¡ Agile ¡ What is IT Project Management? ¡ What is the difference between predictive, agile, and hybrid project management? ¡ Program and Project Portfolio Management ¡ The project management profession MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 4 WHAT IS A PROJECT? - Pelaksanaannya sementara , until mencapai suatu objective ¡ A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result” (PMBOK® Guide, Fifth Edition, 2013) ¡ Whereas, operations is work done to sustain the business ¡ Projects end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated ¡ Projects can be large or small and take a short or long time to complete - Tooth : IAN. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 5 PROJECT ATTRIBUTES ¡ has a unique purpose > - punya tujuan young unite ¡ is temporary -sementara ¡ A project drives change and enables value creation. > - ada peribation yang dihatilton projec 56 ¡ A project is developed using progressive elaboration or in an iterative fashion. > - progressive dan orangnya ¡ requires resources, often from various areas butrh tools , bulan cuman It - ¡ should have a primary customer or sponsor - Mendanai , membanto projec berjalan. ¡ The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project - ¡ involves uncertainty DEM COMPREST 2th operational : Cth project =. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 6 EXAMPLES OF IT PROJECTS ¡ A team of students creates a smartphone application and sells it online ¡ A company develops a driverless car ¡ A government group develops a system to track child immunizations ¡ A global bank acquires other financial institutions and needs to consolidate systems and procedures MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 7  PROJECT CONSTRAINTS / T& he , ¡ Every project is constrained in different ways. - - ¡ Experienced project managers know that you must decide which constraints are most important on each project. ↑M harrs far projek , yang constrainnya paling tinggl its apa. projek propensi constrain terbesarnya its time. X = Kalar di - · constraint its saling knp ada memperhatikan detail dari constraintry a ? Karena management di tidp projek his Jadiibarat jadinya costrya nambah tapi man pertananin qualitynya. timenya molor satr lain. Misal memengaruhi sama ,. , berubah lingkaran bentuknya bisa. , MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 8 THE TRIPLE CONSTRAINT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Scope clip Scopeny : a nambah ditengah , makin memberar. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 9 WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT? ¡ Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and - - techniques to project activities to meet project requirements” (PMBOK ® Guide, Fourth Edition, 2013) ¡ Project managers must not only strive to meet specific scope, schedule, cost, resource, risk, and quality requirements of projects, they must also facilitate the entire process to meet the needs and expectations of the people involved in or affected by - project activities. his bisa memeni elspektasi stakeholders - beda stakeholders punya Jeda por MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 10 PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS ¡ Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities ¡ Stakeholders include ¡ the project sponsor ¡ the project manager > - memanage Keberlangsung projectaya ¡ the project team ¡ support staff ¡ customers & org ya aran menggunakan projec +56. ¡ users ¡ suppliers > - procurement/pengadad ¡ opponents to the project > - pesaingnya MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 11 PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (PMBOK 6TH ED) memilih project yang tepat lyang worth - it) ↑ Meskipun agile tapi , +p but h untuk diselenggarain. planning , · agile : adaptive - apaajaea i ¡ Key elements of this framework # include the project stakeholders, project management process groups, M knowledge areas, tools and techniques, project success, and the contribution of a portfolio of projects Pelaksanaan, was deliverable. to the success of the entire development Kalar salan enterprise. Stage. mintamaa? Executing : melaksa - naken planning MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 12 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUP AND KNOWLEDGE AREAS ¡ Project integration management is an overarching function that coordinates the work of all other knowledge areas. It affects and is affected by all other knowledge areas. ¡ Project scope management involves working with all appropriate stakeholders to define, gain written agreement for, and manage all the work required to complete the project successfully. ¡ Project schedule management includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing an acceptable project schedule given cost-effective use of available resources, and ensuring timely completion of the project. ¡ Project cost management consists of preparing and managing the budget for the project. ¡ Project quality management ensures that the project wil satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 13 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUP AND KNOWLEDGE AREAS ¡ Project resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people and physical resources needed for the project. ¡ Project communications management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. ¡ Project risk management includes identifying, analyzing, and responding to risks related to the project. ¡ Project procurement management involves acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. ¡ Project stakeholder management focuses on identifying project stakeholders, understanding their needs and expectations, and engaging them appropriately throughout the project. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 14 PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ¡ Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all ten knowledge areas. > - oth : gantt-chart. Ada juga backlog di scrum. ¡ For example, many predictive projects require project charters, scope statements, Gantt charts, kick-off meetings, progress reports, and so on. Agile projects often require product roadmaps, backlogs, burndown charts, retrospectives, etc. ¡ Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in carrying out work in all ten knowledge areas. For example, many predictive projects require project charters, scope statements, Gantt charts, kick-off meetings, progress reports, and so on. Agile projects often require product roadmaps, backlogs, burndown charts, retrospectives, etc. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 15 PROJECT SUCCESS ¡ The project provided value. Value is “the worth, importance, or usefulness of something.”10. Sometimes the value of a project is easy to measure, but sometimes it is not. It is important to clarify the intended outcomes of projects. ¡ The project met scope, schedule, and cost goals. misal dosen Repuason mahasiswa > - Reprason ,. ¡ The project satisfied the customer/sponsor. If the stakeholders were not happy about important aspects of the project, it would be deemed a failure due to poor customer satisfaction. One method used to measure customer satisfaction is a net promoter score, a number that represents the customer’s willingness to recommend a product or service to others. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 16 PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (PMBOK 7TH ED) ¡ The framework is structured around eight project performance domains (stakeholders, team, development approach and life cycle, planning, project work, delivery, measurement, and uncertainty) along with two other sections, one describing tailoring, and the other describing models, methods, and artifacts. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 17 PROJECT PRINCIPLES AND PERFORMANCE DOMAINS ¡ Principles for a profession “serve as foundational guidelines for strategy, decision making, and problem solving.” ¡ A project performance domain is “a group of related activities that are critical for the effective delivery of project outcomes. ¡ They are interactive, interrelated, and interdependent areas of focus that work in unison to achieve desired project outcomes. ¡ Project managers should understand each of these domains MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 18 PROJECT PERFORMANCE DOMAINS ¡ Stakeholders: Addresses activities and functions ¡ Project work: Addresses activities and functions associated with associated with stakeholders. establishing project processes, managing physical resources, and ¡ Team: Addresses activities and functions associated fostering a learning environment. with the people who are responsible for producing ¡ Delivery: Addresses activities and functions associated with project deliverables that realize business outcomes. delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken ¡ Development approach and life cycle: Addresses to achieve. activities and functions associated with the ¡ Measurement: Addresses activities and functions associated with development approach, cadence, and life cycle phases assessing project performance and taking appropriate actions to of the project. maintain acceptable performance. ¡ Planning: Addresses activities and functions associated ¡ Uncertainty: Addresses activities and functions associated with with the initial, ongoing, and evolving organization and risk and uncertainty. See the sections in several chapters coordination necessary for delivering project describing project risk management. deliverables and outcomes. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 19 TAILORING sesuai sitrasi > - memilih model , planning , method ya tepat timnya. ¡ Tailoring is the deliberate adaptation of the project management approach, governance, and processes to make them more suitable for the given environment and the work at hand. ¡ Factors to consider include the size of the project, complexity, expected duration, industry, organizational culture, and project management maturity. ¡ You can tailor which processes you will use, how you will handle stakeholder engagement, which tools, methods, and artifacts you’ll use, and what life cycle and development approach is most appropriate. ¡ 4-step approach to tailoring: select an initial approach; tailor for the organization; tailor for the project; and implement ongoing improvement. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 20 MODELS, METHODS, AND ARTIFACTS ↑ strategi berpikir ¡ A model is “a thinking strategy to explain a process, framework, or phenomenon.” For example, there are models for leadership, communication, motivation, change, complexity, and team development. > - Motivasi ¡ A method is “the means for achieving an outcome, output, result, or project deliverable.” There are methods for data gathering and analysis, estimating, and meeting. (th > - output dim 6th dokumenya , buran alondentre codenya. = product roadmap , backlog , ¡ An artifact “can be a template, document, output, or project deliverable.” Examples include strategy artifacts (business cases, project charters, etc.), logs and registers (assumptions log, backlog, risk register, etc.), plans, hierarchy charts, baseline artifacts (budgets, milestone schedules, etc.), visual data and information, reports, agreements, and contracts. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 21 PROGRAM AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Tabungan project. Misal : gdocs , gal , gsheet digabug jd ada google Workspace - ada fir bersama , designnya mirip. marketingya sekalich. Program of project : mead Oth mega 1kN project. , ¡ Projects make up a significant portion of work in most business organizations or enterprises, and successfully managing those projects is crucial to enterprise success. ¡ Two important concepts that help projects meet enterprise goals are the use of programs and project portfolio management. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 22 PROGRAM AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT eficienti biasanya Saling bersinggungan. - knp dibikin program ? " Meningkatken Kin ¡ A program consists of “related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities that are managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.” ¡ A megaproject is a very large project that typically costs over US $1 billion, affects over one million people, and lasts several years. ¡ it is often more economical to group projects together to help streamline management, staffing, purchasing, and other work. ¡ A program manager provides leadership and direction for the project managers heading the projects within the program. ¡ Program managers also coordinate the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff supporting the projects to ensure that project products and processes are implemented to maximize benefits. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 23 PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT plumpulan program/project. Spt -/ di showcase ¡ A portfolio is defined as a collection of “projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.” > - memastian project ? yg adasesvai Jan nebutubas perusahaan. jaat it Membert organisati memilih investment yg ¡ Portfolio managers need to understand how projects fit into the bigger picture of the paling tepat organization, especially in terms of corporate strategy, finances, and business risks. memon whi goal organisat ¡ They create portfolios based on meeting specific organizational goals, such as maximizing the value of the portfolio or making effective use of limited resources. Portfolio managers help their organizations make wise investment decisions by helping to select and analyze projects from a strategic perspective. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 24 PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPARED TO PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT projeknya udah tepat ? Aparah Investatinya rdansetrai ? Resource udah tepat ? MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 25 WEEK 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT PART 1 PART 2 ¡ What is IT Project? ¡ Agile ¡ What is IT Project Management? ¡ What is the difference between predictive, agile, and hybrid project management? ¡ Program and Project Portfolio Management ¡ The project management profession scrum-dipecan jadi bbrp sprint waterfall us > - tetepada planning tapi , dipecan jadi beberapa iterasi, ↳ selezaikan kalav vdah fix barr dieksekusi Kurang ada rang dulusemua planningnya , , untuk pervbakon MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 26 AGILE Manifesto for Agile Software Development We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. ¡ PMI’s Agile Practice Guide (2017) defines Through this work we have come to value: Individuals and interactions over processes and agile as “a term used to describe a mindset tools Working software over comprehensive of values and principles as set forth in the documentation Customer collaboration over Agile Manifesto.” contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 27 PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE AGILE MANIFESTO Memenuhi keprasan user - ¡ 1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software. ¡ 2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage. ¡ 3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the - shorter timescale. buran prototype , tapi disc diclick ¡ 4. Business people and developers must work together daily throughout the project. ¡ 5. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job done. ¡ 6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is faceto- face conversation. ¡ 7. Working software is the primary measure of progress. ¡ 8. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 28 WHAT IS AN AGILE MINDSET ¡ Gil Broza, author of “The Agile Mind-Set” (2015), emphasizes the need to focus on values, beliefs, and principles before following specific frameworks or processes. ¡ Many organizations that have tried to become agile have failed because they jump to specific frameworks without adopting the proper mindset first. Failure is often due to the organization’s culture being at odds with the agile mindset. ¡ One way to describe people or organizations with an agile mindset is to compare them to those with bureaucratic mindset. ¡ Organizations with a bureaucratic mindset have a goal of making money for their firm and maximizing shareholder value. Individuals report to bosses who define their roles, rules of work, and performance criteria. ¡ Organizations with an agile mindset, in contrast, use a network of teams focused on the goal of delivering value to their customers. Work is best accomplished through small, self-organizing teams working in short cycles to deliver something of value to the customer. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 29 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PREDICTIVE, AGILE, AND HYBRID PROJECT MANAGEMENT Harri dari awal udan jelas detail. semua , planning Waterfall : traditional : predictive Predictive project management, also called waterfall or traditional project management, are terms used to describe an approach where most of the project planning is done upfront, there is a single final product, service, or result delivered at the end of the project, change is constrained, costs and risks are controlled, and stakeholders are involved at specific milestones. oth = bikin rumah. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 30 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PREDICTIVE, AGILE, AND HYBRID PROJECT MANAGEMENT ¡ Agile project management, also called adaptive project management, is used to describe an approach where the project scope cannot be well-defined upfront, incremental releases are desired, and changes are expected. ¡ hybrid project management describes a mixture or combination of predictive and agile approaches. Some organizations will use predictive project management on some projects and agile project management on others. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 31 THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSION Suggested Skills for Project Managers ¡ Project managers and their teams must develop knowledge and skills in the following areas: ¡ All ten project management knowledge areas and the eight project performance domains, tools, and techniques ¡ The application area (domain, industry, market, etc.) ¡ The project environment (politics, culture, change management, etc.) ¡ General business (financial management, strategic planning, etc.) ¡ Human relations (leadership, motivation, communication, etc.) MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 32 PMI TALENT TRIANGLE® AND THE IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS ↳ ¡ PMI developed a talent triangle to emphasize the types of skills project managers need to continuously develop. The talent triangle includes: > have ada pre-knowledge - ¡ Technical project management skills: Understanding the knowledge areas, performance domains, tools, and techniques fall into this category, as well as understanding predictive, agile, and hybrid approaches to managing projects. > - managing people ¡ Strategic and business management skills: Topics include strategic planning, financial management, accounting, marketing, etc. ¡ Leadership skills: Leadership and management are terms often used interchangeably, although there are differences. Generally, a leader focuses on long-term goals and big- picture objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals. A manager often deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals. Some people say that, “Managers do things right, and leaders do the right things.” “Leaders determine the vision, and managers achieve the vision.” “You lead people and manage things.” MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2024/2025 – FASILKOM UI 33 DIFFERENT SKILLS NEEDED IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS ¡ Large projects: Leadership, relevant prior experience, planning, people skills, verbal communication, and team-building skills were most important ¡ High uncertainty projects: Risk management, expectation management, leadership, people skills, and planning skills were most important ¡ Very novel projects: Leadership, people skills, having vision and goals, self confidence, expectations management, and listening skills were most important 34 IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS ¡ Effective project managers provide leadership by example ¡ A leader focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives while inspiring people to reach those goals ¡ A manager deals with the day-to-day details of meeting specific goals ¡ Project managers often take on the role of both leader and manager 35 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION ¡ The Project Management Institute (PMI) is a global professional society for project and program managers. ¡ PMI provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP) ¡ A PMP has documented sufficient project experience, agreed to follow a code of ethics, and passed the PMP exam ¡ The number of people earning PMP certification is increasing quickly 36 ETHICS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT ¡ Ethics, loosely defined, is a set of principles that guide our decision making based on personal values of what is “right” and “wrong.” ¡ Making ethical decisions is an important part of our personal and professional lives because it generates trust and respect with other people. ¡ Project managers often face ethical dilemmas. ¡ PMI has a Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct which applies not only to PMP®s, but to all PMI members and individuals who hold a PMI certification, apply for a PMI certification, or serve PMI in a volunteer capacity. 37 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CAREERS ¡ The need for project managers is evident in recent studies and job postings: ¡ By 2027, employers will need 87.7 million individuals working in project management -oriented roles. ¡ In June 2020, LinkedIn listed project management jobs as #3 in the top 10 jobs identified as having the greatest number of openings, steady growth, and a livable wage. ¡ Sixty percent of hiring managers say interest in project management careers among younger job applicants has grown over the past decade. Suggestions for young people interested in breaking into and succeeding in project management include earning a certification (such as the PMP® or CAPM®), volunteering for leadership roles, speaking up for a position, and learning to delegate and empower team members. ¡ Many organizations realize that they need to provide a structured career path to develop and maintain their talent pipeline for project managers. After leading a small project, many people go on to lead multiple small projects, larger projects, or become program managers. Some organizations have different levels of project managers, often based on knowledge and experience. MANAJEMEN PROYEK TI 2020 – FASILKOM UI 38 PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE ¡ There are hundreds of different products to assist in performing project management ¡ Several free or open-source tools are also available 39 CHAPTER SUMMARY ¡ A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. ¡ Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. ¡ Framework based on the PMBOK® Guide - Seventh Edition, emphasizes 12 project management principles, eight project performance domains, tailoring, and models, methods, and artifacts. ¡ A program is a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually. Portfolio management emphasizes meeting strategic goals while project management focuses on tactical goals. ¡ Many organizations today are using agile to manage projects. The terms agile or adaptive project management describes an approach where the project scope cannot be well- defined upfront, incremental releases are desired, and changes are expected. ¡ The profession of project management continues to grow and mature. The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professional society that provides certification. Hundreds of project management software products are available to assist people in managing projects. 40