Anatomy & Physiology Lecture - The Human Body's Organization PDF

THE HUMAN BODY’S ORGANIZATION PREPARED BY: THEO. MD DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY BCM 625 LECTURE  NORMAL VERSION SOURCES STEROID VERSION MAIN REFERENCE BOOK SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK  CONTENTS 1. Introduction to Physiology & Pathophysiology 2....

THE HUMAN BODY’S ORGANIZATION PREPARED BY: THEO. MD DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTRY BCM 625 LECTURE  NORMAL VERSION SOURCES STEROID VERSION MAIN REFERENCE BOOK SUPPLEMENTARY BOOK  CONTENTS 1. Introduction to Physiology & Pathophysiology 2. Organizational level of the Human body 3. Characteristics of Life 4. Homeostasis 5. Concepts of Health and Diseases  WHY SHOULD WE STUDY HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY? Principle of complementarity of structure and function states that all specific functions are performed by specific structures, and the form of a structure relates to its function.  PHYSIOLOGY Studies the dynamic PROCESS OR FUNCTIONS of Living things: Body’s response to stimuli Body maintains conditions within a constantly within a constantly changing environment Levels of Physiology Cell Physiology Systemic Physiology (Ex. Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Neurophysiology)  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pathology Medical science dealing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions Uses both anatomy and physiology Pathophysiology Studies the functional changes that occur within an individual as a result of a disease or pathologic state. ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL OF THE HUMAN BODY 1.) Chemical: molecule’s structure determines functions 2.) Cellular: contains organelles 3.) Tissue: group of similar cells ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL OF THE HUMAN BODY 4.) Organ: 2 or more tissue types that performs one or more common functions 5.) Organ system: group of organs that works as a unit 6.) Organism: living thing as a whole CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. Organization Specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how these parts interact to perform specific functions 2. Metabolism Ability to use the energy and to perform vital functions. 3. Responsiveness Ability to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 4. Growth Increase in the size or number of cells, which produces an overall enlargement of all or part of an organism. 5. Development Changes an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death. 6. Reproduction Formation of new cell or new organisms  HOMEOSTASIS Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body The body must actively regulate conditions that are constantly changing to achieve homeostasis  ELEMENTS OF A HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL SYSTEM Components: RECEPTOR – monitors the value of a variable CONTROL CENTER – determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor about the variable EFFECTOR – which can adjust the value of the variable when directed by the control center TYPES OF FEEDBACK MECHANISMS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted Most used by many organ system Examples: Body Temperature  TYPES OF FEEDBACK MECHANISMS POSITIVE FEEDBACK Occurs when a response to the original stimulus results in greater deviation from the set point Example: Birth and Blood clotting CONCEPT OF HEALTH & DISEASE Health (according to WHO) Is not only the absence of Disease A state of complete well-being physically, psychologically, mentally, and socially Disease Referred as aberrant manifestation of de-regulated homeostasis caused by harmful agents Development of disease is definitely a pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms involved in the whole body or any of its parts  COURSE OF DISEASE TERMINOLOGY 1. Acute - sudden onset and short duration 2. Chronic - slower, less severe onset and a long duration of months or years 3. Relapse - return of a disease weeks or months after its apparent cure 4. Remission - signs and symptoms subside or disappear 5. Complication - related disease or other abnormal state that develops in a person already suffering from a disease 6. Sequela - aftermath of a particular disease. (Ex. Permanent damage on the heart valves after Rheumatic heart fever)  TYPES OF DISEASES 1. Infectious disease (Communicable) Caused by pathogens and it’s contagious (ex. COVID-19) 2. Non-Communicable disease Neoplastic Allergic and Autoimmune Vascular Mental disorders Traumatic injury CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SIGNS SYMPTOMS Objective disease Subjective disease indications indication (ex. fever) (ex. tiredness) Perceived by the Perceived by the Patient Physician Measurable by physical Not measurable examination or instruments  PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR DISEASE 1. Age 2. Hereditary NON-MODIFIABLE 3. Gender 4. Lifestyle MODIFIABLE 5. Environment THANK YOU FOR LISTENING PREPARED BY: THEO MD