Vision 1 English for Schools Student Book 1396 PDF
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دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی زنجان
1396
Seyyed Behnam Alavi Moghaddam, Reza Kheirabadi, Mehrak Rahimi, Hossein Davari
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Summary
This is an English textbook for 10th grade students in Iranian secondary schools; it is Vision 1, and published in 1396. The book is based on an active and self-confident approach to learning English, focusing on cultural elements of Iranian culture and Islamic values.
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IN THE NAME OFALLAH Vision 1 English for Schools پایۀ دهم دوره دوم متوسطه Student Book 1396 وزارت آموزش و پرورش سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ريزي آموزش...
IN THE NAME OFALLAH Vision 1 English for Schools پایۀ دهم دوره دوم متوسطه Student Book 1396 وزارت آموزش و پرورش سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ريزي آموزشي انگلیسی پایۀ دهم دورۀ دوم متوسطه ـ 110230 نام کتاب: سازمان پژوهش و برنامهریزی آموزشی پدیدآورنده: دفتر تألیف کتابهای درسی عمومی و متوسطه نظری مدیریت برنامهریزی درسی و تألیف: سید بهنام علوی مقدّ م ،رضا خیر آبادی ،مهرک رحیمی ،حسین داوری (اعضای گروه تألیف)ّ شناسه افزوده برنامهریزی و تألیف: اداره ّ کل نظارت بر نشر و توزیع مواد آموزشی مدیریت آمادهسازی هنری: لیدا نیک روش (مدیر امور فنی و چاپ) ـ جواد صفری (مدیر هنری) ـ علی بخشی (نگاشتارگر (طراح گرافیک)، شناسه افزوده آمادهسازی: طراح جلد و صفحه آرا) ـ علیرضا کاهه ،رعنا فرج زاده دروئی ،فاطمه پزشکی ،احمد رضا امینی ،حمید ثابت کالچاهی (امور آماده سازی) تهران :خیابان ایرانشهر شمالی ـ ساختمان شمارۀ ٤آموزش و پرورش (شهید موسوی) نشانی سازمان: تلفن٩ :ـ ،٨٨٨٣١١٦١دورنگار ،٨٨٣٠٩٢٦٦ :کد پستی١٥٨٤٧٤٧٣٥٩ : وبگاه www.chap.sch.ir :و www.irtextbook.ir شرکت چاپ ونشر کتاب های درسی ایران ـ تهران :کیلومتر ١٧جادۀ مخصوص کرج ـ خیابان ( ٦١داروپخش) ناشر: تلفن ٥ :ـ ،٤٤٩٨٥١٦١دورنگار ،44985160 :صندوق پستی١٣٩ :ـ ٣٧٥١٥ شرکت چاپ و نشر کتابهای درسی ایران « سهامی خاص» چاپخانه: چاپ دوم ١٣٩6 سال انتشار و نوبت چاپ: شابك3ـ 2492ـ 05ـ964ـ 978 3ـ 2492ـ 05ـ 964ـ ISBN: 978 پیشتر به زبان (خارجی) احتیاج نبود. امروز احتیاج است.باید زبان‌های زندۀ دنیا جزء برنامۀ تبلیغات مدارس باشد....امروز مثل دیروز نیست که صدای ما از ایران بیرون نمی‌رفت. امروز ما می توانیم در ایران باشیم و در همه جای دنیا با زبان دیگری تبلیغ کنیم. امام خمینی (رحمة اهلل علیه) کلیه حقوق مادی و معنوی این کتاب متعلق به سازمان پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزشی وزارت آموزش و پرورش است و هرگونه استفاده از کتاب و اجزای آن به صورت چاپی و الکترونیکی و ارائه در پایگاه های مجازی ،نمایش ،اقتباس، تلخیص ،تبدیل ،ترجمه ،عکس برداری ،نقاشی ،تهیه فیلم و تکثیر به هر شکل و نوع ،بدون کسب مجوز ممنوع است و متخلفان تحت پیگرد قانونی قرار میگیرند. الف رض َو ِ اخت ُ ماوات َواالَ ِالس ِ آياته َخ ُلق َّ َو ِمن ِ يات ِل ِ ٰ مين َ لعال ٍ لَ كَ لِ ٰ ذ فی ن َّ ا ِ م، ُ ك ِ َلوان ا ا َِلس َن ِت ُكم َ و روم22 ، و از نشانه های قدرت خداوند آفرينش آسمان ها و زمين و نیز تفاوت زبان ها و رنگ های شما انسان هاست؛ و به تحقیق در همه اينها نشانه‌هايی از حکمت الهی برای دانشمندان نهفته است. And of Allah’s Signs of Power is the creation of the heavens and the earth and also the variation of the languages and the color of you people; verily, in all these are Signs for men of knowledge. برگرفته از ترجمۀ مرحومه دکتر طاهره ص ّفارزاده مقدمه با استعانت از الطاف خداوند متعال و عنایات حضرت ولی عصر (عج اهلل تعالی فرجه الشّ ریف) ا ّولین جلد از مجموعه کتاب های Visionبه منظور تدریس در پایۀ دهم تحصیلی ،تألیف گردیده و هم اکنون پیش روی شماست.آموزش زبان های خارجی و به طور ویژه آموزش زبان انگلیسی در نظام رسمی آموزش و پرورش کشورمان در سال های اخیر شاهد تح ّولی بنیادین و اساسی بوده است که ریشه در تح ّول کلّی نظام آموزش و پرورش ،اجرای سند برنامة درسی ملی و سند تح ّول بنیادین نظام تعلیم و تربیت جمهوری اسالمی دارد و در چارچوب رویکرد ارتباطی ف ّعال و خودباورانة مورد تصریح در برنامة ملّی محقق شده است. در رویکرد ارتباطی ف ّعال و خودباورانه ،زبان های خارجی ،از جمله زبان انگلیسی ،به منظور ایجاد ارتباط با جهان به شیوه ای ف ّعال و با تأکید بر ارزش ها و داشته های فرهنگ غنی اسالمی و ایرانی فراگیران آموزش داده می‌شود. ن انگلیسی در قالب ارائۀ مجموعه کتابهای English for Schools تح ّول در آموزش زبا و از سال تحصیلی 1392ــ 1391آغاز گشت.مجموعۀ مذکور دوره‌ای پیوسته شامل دو زیر مجموعه با نام‌های Prospectو Visionمی باشد.مهمترین ویژگی های رویکرد ارتباطی ف ّعال و خودباورانه و روح کلی حاکم بر مجموعه کتاب های Prospectو Vision متکی بر اصول کلی زیر است: توجه هم زمان به هر چهار مهارت زبانی استفاده از ف ّعالیت های آموزشی متنوع در فرایند یادگیری زبان تأکید بر یادگیری زبان از طریق تجربیات زبانی استفاده از محتوای غنی ،معنا دار و قابل فهم در تدوین محتوای آموزشی ارتقای روحیة فراگیری زبان در محیط مشارکتی و از طریق همکاری و همیاری در کالس ارائۀ بازخوردهای اصالحی مناسب به خطاهای فراگیران توجه به جنبه های عاطفی و نقش آنها در فرایند آموزش زبان ّ نکات قابل توجه دبیران گرامی: نخستین توصیۀ ما به همکاران گرامی این است که در آغاز تدریس این مجموعه ،حتم ًا برنامه درسی ملی و حوزۀ مربوط به آموزش زبان های خارجی این سند را به د ّقت مطالعه نمایند تا با سمت و سو و سیاست های اصلی و مبنایی آموزش زبان‌های خارجی در این سند مهم که نقشۀ راه نظام آموزشی کشور است بیشتر آشنا شوند. توصیۀ دوم این است که کتابهای Prospectیک تا سه (دورۀ ا ّول متوسطه) را مالحظه نموده و با مطالعۀ کتاب راهنمای معلم آن کتاب ها و مشاهدۀ فیلم‌های آموزشی دبیران با عنوان « بر فراز آسمان» با اصول تدریس بر اساس رویکرد ارتباطی ف ّعال و خودباورانه آشنایی کامل پیدا کنند.مطالعۀ کتاب های فوق به فهم دقیق سطح فعلی دانش آموزان، توجهی می‌کند.کمک شایان ّ همچنین از همکاران گرامی خواهشمندیم کتاب راهنمـای معلّم مربوط به کتاب Vision1را با تو ّجه و د ّقت هر چه تمام تر مطالعه نمایند.به این شکل بسیاری از پرسش ها و ابهامات احتمالی دربارۀ شیوۀ تدریس کتاب ،نحوه زمان بندی و ف ّعالیت های جنبی بر طرف می شود.مجدداً تأکید می‌کنیم تدریس درست و مؤثر این کتاب ،بدون مطالعۀ کتاب راهنمای معلّم آن ،امکان پذیر نیست. توصیۀ دیگر ،تو ّجه به هر چهار مهارت زبانی ،به صورت هم زمان است که تحقّق این مهم نیز مستلزم آشنایی با نحوۀ صحیح تدریس و طراحی درسی دقیق می‌باشد.عالوه بر کتاب راهنمای معلّم ،مشاهدۀ نرم افزار و فیلم آموزشی معلّمان با نام « بر فراز آسمان» نیز بسیار مفید خواهد بود. همچنین شایسته است والدین نیز از تغییر و تح ّوالت انجام شده در نظام آموزش زبان انگلیسی آگاه گردند؛ به این منظور پیشنهاد می‌شود با استفاده از ظرفیت جلسات ویژۀ تعامل والدین با مدرسه،دربارۀ این تحوالت ،اطالع رسانی الزم انجام گیرد. الزم به یادآوری است که مجموعۀ غنی و کاملی از منابع مورد نیاز همکاران از جمله فایل های تمامی اجزای بستۀ آموزشی ،مجموعۀ دستورالعمل ها و آئین نامه های مربوطه و جدیدترین اخبار و اطالعات مورد نیاز همکاران گرامی از طریق وبگاه گروه زبان های خارجی دفتر تألیف کتاب های درسی به نشانی زیر ،قابل دستیابی است که بازدید مرتّب از این پایگاه نیز اکیداً توصیه می‌شود: eng-dept.talif.sch.ir در خاتمه مجدداً تأکید می شود که ٔ بسته آموزشی حاضر با حاکمیت رویکرد ارتباطی ف ّعال و خودباورانه ،جنبه های متن ّوع نیازهای آموزشی دانش آموزان را در نظر داشته و در کنار کتاب دانش آموز با ارائۀ کتاب کار ،کتاب راهنمای معلّم ،لوح فشردة صوتی و همچنین لوح مجموعه کاملی را در اختیار فراگیران قرار داده است.نکتۀ پایانی ٔ فشردۀ آموزش معلّمان، اینکه طبق ضوابط مصوب وزارت آموزش و پرورش ،در صورت نیاز ،تنها استفاده از کتاب ها و منابع کمک آموزشی تأیید شده توسط طرح سامان بخشی کتاب های کمک آموزشی دفتر تکنولوژی و انتشارات کمک آموزشی سازمان پژوهش و برنامه ریزی آموزشی مجاز می‌باشد. بی شک تحقّق اهداف مورد نظر این بستة آموزشی نیازمند حمایت های همه جانبه و ارزشمند همکاران گرامی است که در سراسر ایران اسالمی با دلسوزی و تالش فراوان، زمینة رشد و بالندگی آینده‌سازان میهن عزیزمان را فراهم می‌آورند ،مؤلّفان ،این تالش ارزشمند را ارج نهاده و آرزومند اعتالی روزافزون نام مق ّدس جمهوری اسالمی ایران در تمامی عرصه ها هستند. گروه زبان های خارجی دفتر تألیف کتابهای درسی Map of Vision 1 Lesson 1: Saving Nature )15-41( Get Ready Introduction to the Lesson Conversation Visiting the Museum of Nature and Wildlife New Words Learning Vocabulary of Reading & Expressions Reading Reading Endangered Animals Comprehension Future tense See Also Grammar (will) (be going to) Listening Talking about Schedules/Plans & Speaking Pronunciation Falling Intonation Noun Singular & Plural Types of Nouns Writing Noun Markers What Reviewing Lesson 1 You Learned Lesson 2: Wonders of Creation )43-69( Get Ready Introduction to the Lesson Conversation Visiting Iranian National Observatory New Words Learning Vocabulary of Reading & Expressions Reading Reading A Wonderful Liquid Comprehension See Also Grammar Adjectives (comparative and superlative adjectives) Listening Asking about Details & Speaking Pronunciation Rising Intonation Adjective Kinds of Adjectives Place of Writing Adjectives Spelling Hints What You Learned Reviewing Lesson 2 Lesson 3: TheValue of Knowledge )71-95( Get Ready Introduction to the Lesson Conversation Talking about Famous Iranian Scientists New Words Learning Vocabulary of Reading & Expressions Reading Reading No Pain No Gain Comprehension See Also Grammar Past Progressive Self Pronouns Listening Narrating a Story & Speaking Pronunciation Emphatic Stress Verb Action and State Verbs Writing Simple and Continuous Verbs What You Learned Reviewing Lesson 3 Lesson 4: Traveling the World )97-119( Get Ready Introduction to the Lesson Conversation Finding a Good Tourist Destination New Words Learning Vocabulary of Reading & Expressions Reading Reading Iran: A True Paradise Comprehension See Also Grammar Modals (Prepositions) Listening Asking about Obligations and Necessities & Speaking Pronunciation Rising Intonation Adverb How to Make -ly Adverbs Writing Irregular Adverbs What You Learned Reviewing Lesson 4 1 LESSON 14 LESSON 1 1 LESSON We made from water every living thing Al-Anbia 30 15 1 LESSON 16 Part One A. Match the pictures with the phrases. a b c d putting out the fire hurting the animal cutting down the trees helping the injured animal B. Which is good for nature? Which is bad? 1 LESSON 17 Part Two A. Match the pictures with the words. a goat a wolf a panda an elephant a whale a cat a leopard a duck B. Can you divide the above animals into two groups? How? 1 LESSON 18 endangered, alive, increase, hear, protect, for example Maryam is visiting the Museum of Nature and Wildlife. She’s talking to Mr. Razavi, who works in the museum. Maryam: Excuse me, what is it? Is it a leopard? Mr. Razavi: No, it is a cheetah. Maryam: Oh, a cheetah? Mr. Razavi: Yeah, an Iranian cheetah. It is an endangered animal. Maryam: I know. I heard around 70 of them are alive. Yes? Mr. Razavi: Right, but the number will increase. Maryam: Really?! How? Mr. Razavi: Well, we have some plans. For example, we are going to protect their homes, to make movies about their life, and to teach people how to take more care of them. Answer the following questions orally. 1 LESSON 1. Where are they talking? 2. Are there many cheetahs alive? 3. Do you take care of animals? 19 A. Look, Read and Practice. We live on Earth. A tiger is a wild animal. I went to Golestan Forest last year. They are destroying the jungle. 1 LESSON The Persian lion died out about 75 years ago. 20 Pay attention! Tooran is the natural home Don’t swim here. of the Persian zebra. Moghan Plain is a nice place in They hope to save the the north-west of Iran. injured animal. B. Read and Practice. a few: not many; a small number of things or people There are a few Iranian cheetahs. human: a person All humans must take care of nature. instead: in place of someone or something else There’s no coffee. Would you like a cup of tea instead? 1 future: the time after now LESSON Everyone needs to plan for the future. C. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B. 21 Endangered Animals Today, there are some endangered animals on Earth. It means that we can find only a few of them around us. Some examples are whales, pandas, tigers and Asian elephants. Humans destroy the natural homes of the animals in the forests, lakes, and plains. When the number of people on Earth increases, they need more places for living. They cut down trees and destroy lakes. They make homes and roads instead. Then the animals won’t have a place to live. They will die out. The Iranian cheetah is among these animals. This wild animal lives only in the plains of Iran. Now there are only a few Iranian cheetahs alive. If people take care of them, there is hope for this beautiful animal to live. Recently, families pay more attention to nature, students learn about saving wildlife, and some hunters don’t go hunting anymore. In this way, the number of cheetahs is going to increase in the future. 1 LESSON 22 A. Choose the best answer. 1-Which of the followings is not an endangered animal? a) panda b) cheetah c) horse 2-Where is the natural home of the Iranian cheetah? a) forest b) plain c) mountain 3- Which place is not a natural home of wild animals? a) park b) lake c) jungle B. True/False 1. In the past, many hunters paid attention to wildlife. T F 2. Families are interested in protecting nature. T F 3. When people take care of cheetahs, the number of these animals will increase. T F C. Match two halves. 1. When only a few numbers of an animal live on Earth, 2. If we take care of Iranian cheetahs, 3. People need more places for living, 1 a. when their number increases. LESSON b. it means that it is an endangered animal. c. some hunters go hunting. d. they will live in the future. 23 A. Read the following texts. Tomorrow I will travel to Africa. I will go to a hot and dry country. I will stay in a hotel near a lake. I will travel to many places and visit people and animals. I will learn many things there. Nowadays, many people are taking care of nature. They pay more attention to our world. Hopefully, we won’t lose any plants 1 and animals and we will have enough food in the future. The animals won’t lose their LESSON natural homes and they will live longer. In this way, we will have a happy life. 24 B. Read the following examples. Affirmative I You He She will save nature. We They Alice and Kate will go to the library tomorrow. Ted will fly to Australia next Monday. Negative I You He will not destroy nature. She (won’t) We They The children will not play in the yard. I won’t be here tomorrow. Question you he Will she go to the mountain? 1 it LESSON they Will our family buy a new car next year? Will Reza have an exam on Monday? 25 C. Tell your teacher how ‘simple future’ is made. D. Read the ‘Reading’ and underline all ‘future verbs’. E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms. Alfredo is an Italian tourist. He lives/will live in Rome. He likes/ will like to travel and see different places of the world. He takes/will take photos especially of animals. Next month, he and his wife travel/will travel to Iran. They go/will go to Tooran Plain to see animals. They are hopeful to see Persian zebra, Iranian cheetah, Persian leopard and gazelle. After two weeks, they visit/will visit some beautiful cities in Iran. 1 LESSON 26 F. Read the following wh-questions. The tourists will visit Shiraz next summer. Who Who will visit Shiraz next summer? When When will the tourists visit Shiraz? Where Where will the tourists visit next summer? What What will the tourists do next summer? 1 LESSON 27 G. Work with a friend. a. Make sentences with these beginnings using the ‘future tense’. 1. On Friday morning, I 2. Next week, my brother 3. Tomorrow afternoon, b. Now ask your friend ‘future tense’ questions with the following words. 1. When 2. Where 1 3. Who LESSON H. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A, B and C. 28 A. Read the following examples with ‘to be going to’. They are going to buy a house soon. They have enough money. Look at the sky! It’s going to rain. Alice is free tonight. She’s going to read some poems. Reza is not going to watch TV tonight. The program is very boring. We are not going to destroy nature. We take care of wildlife. I am You We are going to play tomorrow. They He is She 1 LESSON B. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do D. 29 Speaking Strategy Talking and asking about schedules/plans A. You may use ‘future tense’ to ask someone about their plans or talk about your own plans. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to go to Golestan Forest. Are you going to visit a museum? No, I am going to go out and enjoy wildlife. You may use the following patterns to ask and answer about the future plans. 1 What will you do? / What are you going to do? LESSON I will.... / I am going to.... Where will you go? / Where are you going to go? I will go.... / I’m going to go.... 30 B. Listen to the following conversations and complete the sentences. Conversation 1 1. Alice is going to............................................................................................ 2. Alice will........................................................................................................ BPair up and. Listen askfollowing to the your friends about the and conversations things tickthey arethe what going to dois this speaker weekend. You may use the verbs in the box. going to do. stay home, read a book, go to the museum, visit our relatives, go shopping, study English Conversation 2 1. Shahab is going to....................................................................................... 2. His family will.............................................................................................. 1 BPair up and. Listen ask following to the your friends about the things conversations theywhat and tick will or won’t the do toissave speaker LESSON nature. going toYou do.may use the verbs in the box. take care of endangered animals, protect forests, hunt, hurt animals 31 A. Listen to the following sentences. They have falling intonation. 1. Where are you going to go? I am going to go to Bam. 2. What does your brother do? He works in a zoo. He loves animals. 3. Dr. James will buy a new laptop. His old laptop doesn’t work. 4. We will go on a school trip tomorrow. The students will visit a museum. When you ask for or give new information, use falling intonation. 1 LESSON 32 B. Listen and find where the sentences end. Do this by putting a period (.) and/or capitalizing words. My name is Jim I am a zookeeper there are many animals in our zoo we have big and small animals like birds and giraffes we have wild and farm animals I like wild animals we have two lions and a leopard here we don’t have any sea animals now we will have some next year we are making new buildings for them I think the visitors are going to love them 1 LESSON C. Go to Part IV of your Workbook and do it. 33 Noun A noun names something. A noun is a person, an animal, a place, a thing or an idea. 1) A Person or an Animal farmer, my brother, Maryam a cow 2) A Place school, cinema, sea a park 1 LESSON 34 3) A Thing computer, apple, car a book 4) An Idea pain, attention, danger love of country 1 LESSON 35 A. Read the second paragraph of the ‘Reading’. Find the nouns and write them in the correct circles of the word web. You can add more circles. People/Animals Places Nouns Ideas Things 1 LESSON 36 Singular and Plural Most nouns can be made plural by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the end of the word. However, some are irregular and they don’t follow the same rule. book books lake lakes 1) Regular: girl girls hen hens box boxes bus buses man men foot feet 2) Irregular: woman women life lives child children wolf wolves B. Write the appropriate form of each noun. 1. Ali's (brother) is a hard-working (postman). 2. She sat down at her (desk) and worked for two (hour). 3. There are two (bus stop) near your (school). 1 LESSON 4. I saw an old (man) and two young (woman) sitting near the lake of the (park). 5. Frank is a (farmer). He has four (child). 37 Types of Nouns Common nouns / Proper nouns 1) Common nouns boy tree bear 2) Proper nouns Avicenna Damavand Milad Tower C. Circle the correct answer. 1. Today, (Iran / iran)'s mountains and plains are the natural (Home / home) of many animals. One of them is the black (Bear / bear) which lives in a few (Parts / parts) of the country. 2. Amin (Askari / askari) is a pilot. He is 40 (Years / years) old. He lives with his (Wife / wife) and his son and daughter in (Mashhad / mashhad). He loves his job. 1 3. The (Persian / persian) Gulf is a very important sea between Iran LESSON and some (Arab / arab) countries. Its (Wildlife / wildlife) is amazing. You can see some beautiful (Sea / sea) animals such as (Dolphins / dolphins) there. 38 Noun Markers Here are some words that often come before a noun a / an a hunter / a leopard an elephant / an ear the the child / the boy the women / the cars this / that this bird / this door that tiger / that chair these / those these chairs / these children those men / those mice my / your / our / his / his goat / our car / my friends / their towns her / its / our / their D. Read the following sentences and circle the nouns. 1. The weather is beautiful in the spring. 2. This is a low mountain, but those mountains are high. 1 LESSON 3. Nasim read a book on the bus last week. 4. Some people do not take care of animals. 5. I saw two wolves in the zoo. 39 1 LESSON 40 A. Listen to the first part of a report about Earth. 1. Fill in the blanks based on what you just heard. Earth is our ……………….. Humans ……………………. nature. 2. Listen again and list all nouns. B. Now read the second part of the report. We need to save animals and plants and take care of them. All humans are going to work together to have a beautiful home. If we work hard, we will have clean air and water in the future. We will have a safe place to live. In this way we will save Earth for our children. 3. Underline all nouns. Identify singular/plural and proper/common nouns. 4. Circle all future verbs. C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use appropriate intonation. What is Earth? 1 Who is destroying LESSON nature? Do you need a safe place to live? 41 1 LESSON 42 LESSON 2 1 LESSON And of Allah’s Signs of Power is the creation of the heavens and the Earth Al-Rum 22 43 2 LESSON 44 Part One A. Match the pictures with the sentences. a b c d Planets go around the Sun. Ants are amazing animals. Our body is a wonderful Camels can live without system. water for a long time. B. Which one is more interesting for you? Order the words based on your interest. 2 LESSON Camels Ants Planets Body 45 Part Two A. Match the pictures with the words. ring heart blood moon observatory telescope microscope B. Put the above words into the following groups. 2 LESSON 46 near, rocky, orbit, powerful Alireza is visiting an observatory. He is talking to Ms. Tabesh who works there. Ms.Tabesh: Are you interested in the planets? Alireza: Yes! They are really interesting for me, but I don’t know much about them. Ms.Tabesh: Planets are really amazing but not so much alike. Do you know how they are different? Alireza: Umm... I know they go around the Sun in different orbits. Ms.Tabesh: That’s right. They have different colors and sizes, too. Some are rocky like Mars, some have rings like Saturn and some have moons like Uranus. Alireza: How wonderful! Can we see them without a telescope? Ms.Tabesh : Yeah..., we can see the planets nearer to us without a telescope, such as Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. We can see Uranus and Neptune only with powerful telescopes. Alireza: And which planet is the largest of all? Ms.Tabesh : Jupiter is the largest one. It has more than sixty moons. Do you want to look at it? Alireza: I really like that. 2 LESSON Answer the following questions orally. 1. How are the planets different? 2. Can we see all planets without a telescope? 3. Do you know the names of the planets in Persian? 47 A. Look, Read and Practice. Water is a type of liquid. There are some drops of paint on his shirt. Blood cells are red and white. About one thousand people live in this village. 2 LESSON There are many different Doing daily exercise is types of microbes. useful for everyone. 48 Gahar Lake is famous for its The heart pumps blood clear water. round the body. B. Read and Practice. healthy: 1 strong and well He is a healthy boy. 2 good for your body A healthy breakfast can give you more energy. defend: to protect someone or something from danger The brave soldiers defended our country. carry: to move someone or something from one place to another Monkeys carry their babies all day long. collect: to go and get someone or something The school bus collects the children each morning. fact: things that are true or that really happened 22 It’s a fact that Earth goes around the Sun. LESSON C. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B. 49 A Wonderful Liquid The human body is a real wonder. It is sometimes good to think about our body and how it works. Our body is doing millions of jobs all the time. One of the most important parts of the body is blood. The heart pumps this red liquid around the body. This keeps us healthy and alive. More than half of blood is plasma. This is a clear and yellow liquid. It carries red and white cells. There are millions of red blood cells in one small drop of blood. They carry oxygen round the body and collect carbon dioxide from body parts. There are thousands of white cells in a drop of blood. They are bigger than red cells. They defend our body against microbes. This wonderful liquid is a great gift from Allah. We can thank Allah by keeping our body healthy. One way to do that is eating healthy food and doing daily exercises. Another way is to donate our blood to those who need it. 2 1 LLEESSSSOONN 50 A. Choose the best answer. 1- What color is plasma? a) red b) yellow c) white 2- How can we keep our body healthy? a) By eating fast foods b) By doing daily exercises c) By sleeping late 3- How many white blood cells are there in a drop of blood? a) hundreds b) thousands c) millions B. True/False 1. There are only white cells in plasma. T F 2. Red cells are smaller than white cells. T F 3. The number of red cells is more than white cells. T F C. Match two halves. 1. The heart pumps blood round the body 2. Our body is really wonderful 3. Red blood cells carry oxygen round the body 2 a. so it is sometimes good to think about it. LESSON b. then it is dangerous. c. and collect carbon dioxide. d. to keep us alive. 51 A. Read the following texts. The Nile is the longest river on Earth. It is more than 6,000 kilometers long. It is an important river for African people. It gives water to people and animals. There are other rivers in Africa but they are not as important as the Nile. These rivers aren’t very long. They are useful for villages and small cities. We live in a wonderful world. All around us there are amazing things like small and big animals; long rivers; dark jungles; tall mountains; and different 2 people and nations. This world is like a strange book. LESSON We need to read it carefully. Then we can find many great things in our world. 52 B. Read the following examples. Adjectives Look at the blue sky! I just watched an interesting movie. They are amazing people. He works with powerful computers. Many interesting animals live in forests of Iran. Robert’s father is a very tall man. Adjectives Sara is as kind as Neda. Our class is as big as your class. His grandfather is as old as my grandfather. Tigers are as dangerous as lions. 2 LESSON 53 Comparative Adjectives Damavand is taller than Dena. Asia is bigger than Europe. Omid is younger than Reza. Karoon is longer than Atrak. Mars is smaller than Jupiter. Superlative Adjectives Damavand is the tallest mountain of Iran. Asia is the biggest of all. Omid is the youngest student of our class. Karoon is the longest river of Iran. Jupiter is the largest of all. 2 LESSON C. Tell your teacher how ‘adjectives’ are used in sentences. D. Read the ‘Conversation’ and underline all ‘adjectives’. 54 E. Look at the pictures and choose the best sentence. 1. This is a modern car. This is an old car. 2. Our house is the smallest of all. Our house is as small as their houses. 3. David is taller than his father. David is as tall as his father. 4. The blue pencil is longer than the yellow pencil. The yellow pencil is as short as the blue pencil. 2 LESSON 55 F. Work with a friend. Make sentences with these adjectives to describe and compare people, things, or places you know. 1. brave 2. kind 3. large 4. fast G. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A, B and C. Hint Hint Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Adjective Comparative Superlative good better the best 2 bad worse the worst LESSON far farther the farthest many / much more the most 56 A. Read the following examples with ‘comparative/superlative adjectives’. This problem is more difficult than that one. Actually, this is the most difficult problem of the book. Persian zebras are more beautiful than African zebras. They are the most beautiful of all. This laptop is more expensive than that one. It is the most expensive of all. Sharks are more dangerous than whales. They are the most dangerous animals of the sea. is expensive. Gold is more expensive than silver. is the most expensive metal of the world. 2 LESSON B. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do D. 57 Speaking Strategy Asking about details A. You may use adjectives to describe something or ask about details such as the quality, size, age, and color. How was the movie? It was very interesting. I am going to watch it again. Was it an old film? Yeah, actually it was black and white. You may use the following patterns to ask and answer about details. 2 How is (was)…….? It is (was) interesting / beautiful / nice, … LESSON What color is it? It is black / white / yellow,….. Was it a modern house? Yes, it was. (No, it was an old house). 58 B. Listen to the following conversations and complete the sentences. Conversation 1 1. She bought.................................................................................................. 2. It was............................................................................................................ BPair up and. Listen add to the 2 turns conversations following to the conversation by what and tick askingthe about the size speaker is and quality going to do. of the dress. You may use the adjectives in the box. Size: long, large Quality: beautiful, nice Conversation 2 1. She likes........................................................................................................ 2. Cooking is..................................................................................................... BPair up and. Listen choose to the 3 adjectives following in boxand conversations 2 totick describe people, what the places, speaker is and fruits going to do. in box 1. Compare your answers with your friend’s. 2 my best friend, apple, our school, small, green, yellow, medium, LESSON our English teacher, Boostan Park, fresh, red, kind, careful, neat, pepper nice, beautiful, long, helpful Box 1 Box 2 59 A. Listen to the following sentences. They have rising intonation. 1. Is this your new car? 2. Was the book interesting? 3. Is this problem easier than that one? 4. Are they the most expensive houses in this city? When you check information, use rising intonation. 2 LESSON B. Go to Part IV of your Workbook and do it. 60 C. Listen to the conversation and draw downward or upward arrows to identify falling and rising intonations. A: I heard you travelled abroad this summer. Is it true? B: Yes. I went to Japan. I was there for 2 weeks. A: How was your trip? B: It was very interesting. The country was very clean and people were very polite. A: What about food? B: I ate seafood. Japanese people make delicious food with fish. A: Do you like to go there again? B: Yes, of course. But I like to stay there longer and visit different places. 2 LESSON 61 Adjective An adjective describes a noun. It gives more information in terms of such elements: 1) Quality/ Opinion nice - neat - boring a beautiful f lower 2) Size small - tall - short a big cat 2 LESSON 62 3) Age young - new - modern an old tree 4) Color black - red - dark a blue sky 2 LESSON 63 5) Nationality Iranian - German - Chinese African lions 6) Material wooden - rocky - golden plastic balls 2 LESSON A. Read the ‘Reading’ and f ind all ‘adjectives’. 64 Place of Adjectives Adjectives usually come an interesting planet 1) before a noun: two small moons red cells Human body is amazing. 2) after the verb ‘be’: She was so happy. Venus is smaller than Earth. B. Complete each sentence with a suitable adjective. One adjective is extra. funny careful tall golden cloudy 1. It’s not. Don’t laugh please! 2 2. She looked at the sky above the sea. LESSON 3. Be ! Look both ways when you cross the street. 4. Mary lost her watch in the park. 65 Spelling Hint Look at the following adjective forms: Adjectives Comparative Superlative hot hotter the hottest big bigger the biggest red redder the reddest easy easier the easiest cloudy cloudier the cloudiest happy happier the happiest 2 LESSON 66 C. Write the ‘comparative’ and ‘superlative’ forms of each adjective. 1. angry 2. strong 3. hot 4. far 5. neat 6. ugly D. Complete each sentence with a comparative or superlative form of an adjective in the box. deep good dangerous expensive small 1. Pluto is than the moon of Earth. 2. Are you sure this is the way of doing it? 3. Lions are animals in the world. 4. This lake is one in the world. 5. A plane ticket is than a train ticket. 2 LESSON 67 2 LESSON 68 A. Listen to f ive interesting things about our brain. 1. Fill in the blanks based on what you just heard. The brain becomes smaller when doesn’t enough When you laugh different parts of the are 2. Listen again and list all ‘adjectives’. B. Now read f ive more interesting things about our brain. 6. The brain gives enough energy to light a small lamp. 7. Seafood is the best food for the brain. 8. The brain is the fattiest body organ. 9. Reading and listening help the brain work well. 10. Good and deep sleep helps the brain work better. 3. Underline all ‘adjectives’ C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use appropriate intonation. Is our brain an amazing organ? What type of food is 2 good for our brain? LESSON Tell me two interesting things about our brain. 69 1 LESSON 70 LESSON 3 1 Seek knowledge LESSON from the cradle to the grave Holy Prophet (PBUH)1 1. Peace Be Upon Him 71 2 LESSON 72 Part One A. Match the pictures with the sentences. a b c d This gives us an easier life when there is no light. People use this to talk with someone in another place. 3 LESSON We use this to take and keep pictures very easily. This helps us travel very fast to far places. 73 B. Order the followings from ‘oldest to newest’. a b c Camera Light bulb Telephone 3 Airplane LESSON 74 Part Two A. Match the pictures with the words. a scientists b a laboratory a building c B. Choose an appropriate adjective for each word above. 3 LESSON modern Iranian old 75 medicine,famous, build, Believe me! Cool! Roya and Mahsa are leaving the library. Roya: When I came in, you were reading a book. What was it? Mahsa: I was reading a book about famous Iranian scientists. Roya: But such books are not very interesting. Mahsa: At f irst I had the same idea, believe me! Roya: Did you f ind it useful? Mahsa: Oh yes. Actually I learned many interesting things about our scientists’ lives. Roya: Like what? Mahsa: For example Razi1 taught medicine to many young people while he was working in Ray Hospital. Or Nasireddin Toosi built Maragheh Observatory when he was studying the planets. Roya: Cool! What was the name of the book? Mahsa: Famous Iranian Scientists. 1. Also Rhazes in English Answer the following questions orally. 1. Were Mahsa and Roya in a laboratory? 3 2. Who came to the library sooner, LESSON Mahsa or Roya? 3. Do you know any interesting story about famous scientists? 76 A. Look, Read and Practice. Melika tries hard to learn English. Babak is an energetic boy. 3 LESSON The students do experiments Children grow up in the school laboratory. rapidly. 77 She is doing research He has the f lu and feels weak. on blood cells. 3 No success is possible Edison invented without hard work. the f irst light bulb. LESSON 78 B. Read and Practice. solve: to f ind an answer to a problem We can help you solve your problems. develop: to grow or change into a stronger, larger or better form This book can develop your speaking skill. belief: something that you believe Her belief in Allah gave her hope during diff icult times. quit / give up : to stop doing something Fortunately, his father is going to quit smoking. He gave up his work without saying anything to us. thousands of: a large number of things or people There are thousands of things I want to do. C. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B. 3 LESSON 79 No Pain No Gain 1 Human knowledge develops with scientists’ hard work. Many great men and women try hard to f ind facts, solve problems and invent things. Some of these scientists did not have easy lives. But they tried hard when they were working on problems. They never felt weak when they were studying. They never gave up when they were doing research. There are great stories about scientists and their lives. One such a story is about Thomas Edison. As a young boy, Edison was very interested in science. He was very energetic and always asked questions. Sadly, young Edison lost his hearing at the age of 12. He did not attend school and learned science by reading books in the library himself. When he grew up he worked in different places, but he never lost his interest in making things. Edison was famous for doing thousands of experiments to f ind answers to problems. He said, “I never quit until I get what I’m after”. Edison had more than 1,000 inventions and was very successful at the end of his life. Many great names had stories like this. But the key to their success is their hard work and belief in themselves. If you want to get what you want, work hard and never give up. 33 LLEESSSSOONN. نابرده رنج گنج میسر نمی‌شود.1 80 A. Choose the best answer. 1) Where did Edison learn science? a) In the library b) At school c) In the laboratory 2) How did Edison f ind answers to problems? a) By sleeping in the laboratory b) By doing many experiments c) By quitting what he was after 3) Which is not true about scientists? a) They f ind facts b) They invent things c) They feel weak B. True/False 1) Edison f inally lost his interest in inventing things. T F 2) Edison did not attend school at all. T F 3) Hard work is the key to scientists’ success. T F C. Match two halves. 1. After Edison lost his hearing 2. When scientists were working on problems 3. If you like to be successful 3 a. you must not feel weak. LESSON b. he did not quit studying. c. they did not give up. d. he became a famous person. 81 A. Read the following texts. Tahereh Saffarzadeh was an Iranian writer, translator and thinker. When other kids were still playing outside, she learned reading and reciting the Holy Quran at the age of 6. As a young student, she was working very hard to learn new things. She also was writing poems at that time. She published her first book while she was still studying in the university. She got interested in translating the Holy Quran when she was studying and teaching translation. She published her translation of the Holy Quran in 1380. Saffarzadeh passed away in 1387. Alexander Fleming was a great researcher. He was doing research in his laboratory in winter 1928. He was trying to find a new medicine to save people’s lives. He found a new medicine when 3 he was working on antibiotics. This was the amazing penicillin. Many other doctors were also working on this medicine in those LESSON days.They helped the first patient with penicillin in 1942 when the flu was getting around. 82 B. Read the following examples. Affirmative I He was She at 4. The computer when the power working on a difficult problem went out. We You were They The scientist was doing research in his laboratory during 1370. Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple hit his head. Negative I He wasn’t She at 4. The computer when the power working on a difficult problem went out. We You weren’t They Tina wasn’t reading a novel when her mother came in. She was 3 LESSON studying her English book. Reza was not doing an experiment when the phone rang. He was solving a math problem. 83 Interrogative I he Was she at 4? the computer when the power working on a difficult problem went out? we Were you they Was Mahsa doing her homework when her mother called? Were they talking when the teacher came in? 3 C. Tell your teacher how ‘past progressive’ is made. LESSON D. Read the ‘Conversation’ and underline all ‘past progressive verbs’. 84 E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms. It was raining yesterday. I was sitting/sit in the living room. I watched/was watching a movie about a great scientist, Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Kashani. He was a great inventor. He was from Kashan. His father was a doctor. Jamshid is/was very interested in numbers and planets. Actually, he invented/invent many interesting things when he was solving/solved math problems. Sadly, this scientist has/had a very short life. Someone was killing/killed him when he worked/was working in his observatory. He was/is only 42 years old. F. Pair up and talk about the things you were doing at the given times. 1. Yesterday at 5 2. When the teacher came in 3. This morning at 5:30 3 4. When my father came home LESSON G. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A, B and C. 85 A. Read the following examples with ‘Self Pronouns’. I myself. You yourself. Zahra herself. Amir himself. did the experiment The computer itself. Maryam and I ourselves. You and your friends yourselves. The scientists themselves. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone himself. Marie Curie found uranium herself. You may also say: I myself You yourself Zahra herself Amir himself The computer itself did the experiment Maryam and I ourselves You and your friends yourselves The scientists themselves 3 Alexander Graham Bell himself invented the telephone. LESSON Marie Curie herself found uranium. B. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do D. 86 Speaking Strategy Narrating a story A. You may use ‘simple past’ and ‘past progressive’ together to narrate a story. Past progressive is sometimes used to give background/ situation to the story. Last night at 8 o’clock we were sitting in the hall. We were talking about our day. Suddenly we heard a noise. My father went out to see what was making the noise. When my father was walking in the yard, we went to the kitchen. We saw a kitty in the kitchen. It was eating a cookie. The Poor kitty was hungry. You may use the following patterns to ask and answer about stories that happened in the past. 3 LESSON What were you doing (yesterday at 8)? What was happening (yesterday at 8)? 87 B. Listen to the following conversations and complete the sentences. Conversation 1 1. Leila was................................................................................................ 2. The driver............................................................................................ BPair up and. Listen ask to the your friends following about theand conversations things tick they whatwere doing last the speaker is weekend going to do.in the afternoon. You may use the verbs in the box. talk to someone, read a book, watch TV, play in the yard Conversation 2 1. Amir....................................................................................................... 2. Amir was.............................................................................................. 3 Pair up and ask your friends about the things they did or didn’t do Bwhen. Listen to were they the following solving aconversations problem. You and maytick what use the the speaker verbs is in the box. LESSON going to do. study hard, work long hours, quit working, feel weak, try hard, give up trying 88 A. Listen to the following sentences. Notice how the speakers say some words with more emphasis. 1. Were you doing the research? No, Ali was. 2. Who broke the window? It wasn’t me. 3. Why were the students making so much noise? They weren’t. The workers were making noises. 4. Is it Jim’s car over there? No, his car is white. When you want to put special emphasis on something, you say it more strongly. 3 LESSON 89 B. One word in each sentence is red. Say the sentence with emphatic stress on that word. Can you guess how the meanings of the sentences are different? 1. Mina’s dress is white. 2. Mina’s dress is white. 3. Mina’s dress is white. 3 LESSON C. Go to Part IV of your Workbook and do it. 90 Verb A verb is a word that expresses an action or a state of being. 1) Action verbs: The verbs that express an action. For example: The children went to school He is writing a letter. by bus yesterday. My brother drinks milk every day. 3 LESSON 91 2) State verbs: The verbs that express a state rather than an action. They usually relate to emotions, thoughts, and senses. We believe in Allah. We love our country. She feels happy. 3 LESSON A. Read the ‘Reading’. Find ‘the action and state verbs’. 92 Simple and Continuous Forms 1) We can use the simple or the continuous form of action verbs: I cleaned my room yesterday. I am cleaning my room now. 2) We usually use the simple form rather than the continuous form of state verbs: I don’t know the name of the street. Kids love chocolate. B. Read the following sentences and choose the best verb forms: 1. I (don’t like / am not liking) reading newspapers. 2. At 3 o’clock yesterday, I (needed / was needing) a taxi. 3. She (watches / is watching) television at the moment. 4. I (want / am wanting) to go to the cinema tonight. 3 LESSON 5. Unfortunately, he (didn’t remember / wasn’t remembering) my name. 93 3 LESSON 94 A. Listen to the f irst part of a story. 1. Fill in the blanks based on what you just heard. Sajjad was taking pictures yesterday at When he was taking pictures came to help. 2. Listen again and list ‘past progressive verbs’. B. Now listen to the rest of the story. The f iref ighters jumped out of their cars. They were working quickly. They were putting out the f ire. People were standing near the building. They were watching the f ire. It was dangerous. Sajjad put his camera aside and asked people to leave. The f iref ighters put out the f ire when he was talking with people. 3. Underline all ‘past progressive verbs’. C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use appropriate sentence stress and intonation. What was Sajjad doing in the park? Did Sajjad put out 3 the fire? LESSON Were the firefighters working slowly? 95 1 LESSON 96 LESSON 4 1 LESSON Travel in the Earth and see how He makes the f irst creation Al-Ankabut 20 97 4 LESSON 98 Part One A. Match the pictures with sentences. a b c d Everyone needs this to travel abroad. Asia has many tourist attractions. 4 LESSON You may go to this place to buy air or train tickets. You can check the destinations on this at the airport. 99 B. Which place do you want to visit? Do you know where they are located? Iran Italy Spain France Egypt Brazil 4 LESSON 100 Part Two A. Match the pictures with the words. pilgrims booklet sites vacation B. Complete the sentences with the above words. 1. The family spent their summer in Yasooj. 4 LESSON 2. Take this information and study it carefully. 3. Isfahan has many historical 4. The came to Imam Reza Holy Shrine. 101 plan, agent, choice, probably, hospitable, suggestion Diego is a Spanish tourist who is planning for his summer vacation. He is talking to Carlos Sabato, a travel agent in Madrid. Diego: Excuse me, sir! I am planning for my summer vacation. Carlos: How can I help you? Diego: Actually I want to visit Asia, but I am not sure about my destination. Do you have any suggestion? Carlos: Well, you may have some choices. You can visit China. It is famous for the Great Wall. Diego: Yes, but I was in Beijing two years ago. Carlos: What about India? In fact, the Taj Mahal is a popular destination, but it is hot in summer. Probably Iran is the best choice. Diego: I heard Iran is a great and beautiful country, but I don’t know much about it. Carlos: Well, Iran is a four-season country. It has many historical sites and amazing nature. Also, its people are very kind and hospitable. Diego: It seems a suitable choice. But how can I get more information about Iran? Carlos: You can check this booklet or may see our website. Answer the following questions orally. 4 1. What is China famous for? LESSON 2. Does Diego like traveling? 3. Where do you want to go for your vacation? 102 A. Look, Read and Practice. Mehrabad is one of the f irst There are more than 100 international airports of Iran. pyramids in Egypt. Ancient wind towers of Iran Around one billion people are attractive to tourists. live in India. Camels can travel across hot and dry 4 LESSON deserts with little food and water. 103 B. Read and Practice entertainment: activities that people enjoy He plays the piano only for his entertainment. domestic: relating to one country Domestic f lights are cheaper than international f lights. culture: the way of life, especially the beliefs and behavior of a group of people Alice is studying Persian language and culture. range: a set of similar things This shop sells a wide range of garden fruits. 4 LESSON C. Go to Part III of your Workbook and do A and B. 104 Iran: A True Paradise Every year, about one billion tourists travel around the world. Tourism is traveling for entertainment, health, sport or learning about the culture of a nation. Tourism can be domestic or international. Domestic tourists travel to different parts of their own country. International tourists travel abroad. Some countries attract a lot of tourists every year. Egypt is one of the oldest countries of Africa. It is famous for its wonderful pyramids. France, Italy and Spain are three beautiful European countries. They attract many tourists from other parts of the world. Brazil, Peru and Chile are in South America. They are famous for their ancient history and amazing nature. In Asia, Iran is a great destination for tourists. This beautiful country is a true paradise for people of the world. Each year, many people from all parts of the world visit Iran’s attractions. Iran is a four- season country and tourists can f ind a range of activities from skiing to desert touring in different parts of the country. Many Muslims also travel to Iran and go to holy shrines in Mashhad, Qom and Shiraz. Iranian people are hospitable and kind to travelers and tourists. 4 LESSON 105 A. Choose the best answer. 1) Which one is a four-season country? a) Brazil b) Iran c) Egypt 2) South American countries are famous for. a) amazing nature b) delicious food c) traditional ceremonies 3) In which continent can we visit the ancient pyramids? a) Asia b) Africa c) Europe B. True/False 1) Peru and Chile are historical countries. T F 2) Holy shrines in Iran are destinations only for domestic tourists. T F 3) All countries have tourist attractions for international travelers. T F C. Match two halves. 1. When a country is a four-season one 2. Many tourists travel to Egypt every year 3. Both history and nature 4 a. nobody likes to travel there. b. to visit the wonderful pyramids. LESSON c. people can do both summer and winter activities at the same time. d. make South America an attractive destination for tourists. 106 A. Read the following texts. When people are going abroad, they must do many things.They must get passports and visas. Most often, they should go to the Police to get passports. They should go to the embassy of foreign countries to get visas. They should also become familiar with their destination before their trip. They can do that by buying books, reading booklets, or visiting websites. This may take their time. But it can help them a lot. They may buy tickets and book hotels online. Or they may ask a travel agency to do that for them. When everything is ready, they can leave the country safely and enjoy their trips. As a tourist, we should be careful about our behavior in a foreign country. We must not break any rule if we want to have a good and safe trip. We may not like a part of the host’s culture, but we should be polite to people and their values. We should not say bad things about their food, dresses, or ceremonies. We can talk to other people and try to understand them. We should also protect 4 nature and the historical sites of that country. We must not hurt LESSON animals or plants. We should not write anything on buildings. Our good behavior can give a good image of our country to other people. They may want to come and see our country soon! 107 B. Read the following examples. Compare their meanings. Affirmative I You can speak English. He may watch TV. She must get a passport f irst. We should be careful in a foreign country. They You must drive carefully. The tourists may stay in Iran for two more days. The translator can speak four languages. Everyone should respect other people’s culture. Negative I You cannot (can’t ) speak Japanese. He may not watch TV. She must not get a passport f irst. We should not (shouldn’t) be careless in a foreign country. 4 They LESSON Children must not eat fast food. It is not good for their health. Please help me. I cannot swim. 108 Interrogative I Can you speak Korean? May he watch TV? Must she get a passport f irst? Should we be careful in a foreign country? they Should travelers protect nature? May I sit down? C. Tell your teacher how ‘can, may, must, and should’ are used in a sentence. How are their meanings different? D. Read the ‘Conversation’ and underline all ‘modals’. E. Use appropriate modal to complete the following sentences. 1. When people get the f lu, they (must/can) visit a doctor. 2. There are many clouds in the sky. It (may/can) rain. 3. I like to travel to Spain. I (should/may) learn Spanish. 4. He (must not /may not) do more exercises. His heart is very weak. 5. You (shouldn’t /cannot) listen to loud music. It hurts your ears. F. Pair up and ask and answer the following questions. 1. Can you buy air tickets online? 2. May I use your pencil? 4 3. Should your friend help you with your lessons? LESSON 4. Can you swim? 5. Must we f inish our English book before Khordad? G. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A, B and C. 109 A. Read the following examples with ‘prepositions’. Prepositions of Time the morning / the afternoon / the evening September / Shahrivar (the) spring / summer/fall/winter in Norooz 2016/ 1395 8 o’clock night / noon at midnight / midday sunrise / sunset Wednesday / Friday on Monday morning / Tuesday evening 4 vacation / holiday LESSON 110 Prepositions of Place Tehran / Beirut in Italy / Pakistan Asia / Europe the table / the desk on page 5 next to the hospital / the post off ice in front of the bank / the station 4 LESSON B. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do D. 111 Speaking Strategy Asking about obligations/ possibilities A. You may use ‘modals’ (can, may, should, must) to ask and answer about what you can (not)/must (not)/should (not)/may (not) do. May I use your camera for my trip? Honestly, no. I need it this week. You should buy a camera for yourself. But I can’t pay for it now. I should pay for the ticket and other things. Well, you may ask Parvin. She can help you. You may use the following patterns to ask and answer about what you can (not)/must (not)/should (not)/may (not) do. May I leave the class? Yes, you may. Should they be more careful? Yes, they should. 4 Must we drive fast? No, you must not. LESSON Can he speak French ? No, he can’t. 112 B. Listen to the following conversations and complete the sentences. Conversation 1 1. The man...................................................................................................... 2. Who is coming?........................................................................................ BPair up and. Listen askfollowing to the at least two questions about conversations what and tick yourthe what friend can is speaker (not) goingor/must to do. (not) do. You may use the verbs in the box. play football, do homework, help mother, speak Arabic, study hard Conversation 2 1. The girl must............................................................................................... 2. What should she do?................................................................................ 4 LESSON BPair up and. Listen ask following to the at least two questions about conversations andwhat tick your what friend may is the speaker (not) goingortoshould do. (not) do. You may use the verbs in the box. use a pencil, read a book, call in the evening 113 A. Listen to the following sentences. Notice how the speakers contrast the ideas. 1. Were you doing research or studying? 2. Who broke the window? Ali or Amir? 3. Mom, should we help you or dad? 4. Was Jim’s car white or blue? When you want to contrast two things, you say both of them with emphasis. B. Listen and underline two words that have contrastive stress. 1. Do you leave on Tuesday or Thursday? 4 2. Is the Taj Mahal in India or China? LESSON 3. Should I read the booklet or the website? C. Go to Part IV of your Workbook and do it. 114 Adverb An adverb mostly gives more information about the verb. Some adverbs tell you how something happens. These adverbs known as “adverbs of manner” often end in –ly. It is an easy language. We can learn this language easily. Bahar is a careful driver. She drives carefully. The woman was happy. She spoke happily. Ali is polite. He talks politely. A. Read the sentences. Circle the verbs and underline the adverbs. Then link adverbs to the verbs they describe. 1. Nastaran puts her books neatly inside the desk. 2. My uncle painted my room nicely. 3. The f iref ighters went into the burning house bravely. 4. She looked at the child and asked politely: “what’s your name?” 5. The students were waiting patiently for the bus. 4 LESSON 6. Soheil never talks to his parents rudely. 115 How to Make –ly Adverbs Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective (slow slowly): quick quickly real really but: Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily angry angrily easy easily Adjectives ending in -ble change to -bly possible possibly probable probably B. Change the following adjectives to adverbs: polite: loud: comfortable: wonderful: 4 quiet: slow: LESSON cruel: interesting: quick: suitable: 116 Irregular Adverbs Here is a list of irregular adverbs which do not follow the rule: fast fast late late hard hard good well A. Complete the following sentences with the proper form of adverbs: 1. Hooshang came (late) to the class yesterday. 2. The policeman answered the tourists (polite). 3. Can you talk (quiet) , please? 4. Behrooz tried (hard) to answer all questions. 4 5. My teacher speaks French (good). LESSON 6. The people of the town (generous) helped poor people. 117 4 LESSON 118 A. Listen to the f irst part of a radio program about traveling. 1. Fill in the blanks based on what you just heard. The prices of may be so on the roads or in the Long trips may make you and and this can the risk of illness. 2. Listen again and list all ‘modals’ you hear. B. Now read the rest. You can prepare your own meals for your trip. Making your own meals may save time and money, and you know exactly what goes into everything you prepare. Vegetables and sandwiches are easy to make, so they are useful foods for short trips. For very long trips, you may buy food or eat in restaurants. Remember: you should not eat fast or junk food. Good food keeps you healthy and happy and you can enjoy every minute of your trip. 3. Underline all ‘modals’. C. Work in pairs. Ask and answer. Use appropriate sentence stress and intonation. Is food cheap or expensive in airports?
