0 Lecture Introduction to Botany (1).pdf

This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Introduction E N T R E P R E N E U R S H I P PLANT...

This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Introduction E N T R E P R E N E U R S H I P PLANT to Botany BIOLOGY This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Define the biology of plants Objectives and its importance Identify the branches of botany and relation to science Understand the form of science and the steps of the scientific method B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION BOTANY? PLANT SCIENCE? PLANT BIOLOGY? B O T PHYTOLOGY? A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION BOTANY study of plants Greek word botanē Meaning pasture, grass of fodder B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION What is a plant? Give characteristics of a plant B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Plants are ubiquitous and found in virtually every ecosystem on Earth, B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION but their biology is often poorly understood, and inaccurate ideas about how plants grow and function abound. Are ALL plants are green? How plants evolve? Are ALL plants have chlorophyll? Does plant photosynthesize without light? Does plants MOVE? Does plants needs pollination and B O T Does plants RESPIRE? fertilization to produce fruits? A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Most familiar plants Are green, contain chlorophyll, and manufacture their food through the process of photosynthesis. Are immobile and rooted to the ground. Have neither nervous system nor excretory system. Have a cell wall composed largely of cellulose. Can continue to grow almost indefinitely by cell division. B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Branches of Botany Plant Morphoanatomy Plant Physiology Plant Taxonomy Plant Ecology B O T Ethnobotany A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Branches of Botany Plant Genetics Resources Plant Biotechnology/Breeding Plant Pathology Plant Geography B O T Phycology A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Importance Human and Animal Dependence on Plants Food Ultimately from plants Oxygen Fiber and Fabrication Pharmaceutical B O T Fuel A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION SCIENCE IS A PROCESS 1. Concerned with discovering relationships betwee n observable phenomena in terms of theories 2. Systematized theoretical inquiries 3. It seeks for truth about nature 4. It is determined by observation, hypothesis, B O T measurement, analysis and experimentation A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION SCIENCE IS A PRODUCT 1. Systematized, organized body of knowledge based on facts or truths/observations. 2. Source of cognitive authority. B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION SCIENCE IS A PRODUCT 3. It is the variety of knowledge, people, skills, organizations, facilities, techniques, physical resources, methods and technologies that taken together and in B O T relation with one another. A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Botany as a Science Science involves – The scientific method B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION OBSERVATION Precise Accurate Basis of the problem Authority of science B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Formulation of Problem Definite and limited – Scopes and limitations Growth inhibiting effect of plant extract on crops. Germination inhibiting effect of Momordica charantia L. extract on rice. B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Formulation of the Hypothesis Scientific guess to the problem Based on previous relevant researches B O T If…then A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Ho – If M. charantia L. extract is applied on rice seeds, then the germination rate is not significantly affected. Ha – If M. charantia L. extract is applied on rice seeds, then the germination rate is B O T significantly affected. A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Experimentation Testing of the hypothesis – True experiments – Observational studies Characteristics of an Experiment – Two set-ups Control vs experimental – Randomization and replication B O T – Dependent and independent variables A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. INTRODUCTION Formulation of Conclusion B O T A N Y This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Discovery of ANTIBIOTIC - PENICILLIN Let’s make this as an example, I believe everyone knows about antibiotics – medicine used to treat bacterial and fungal infections but not viral diseases Alexander Fleming discovered the organism that can suppress the growth of bacteria when he SAW an unusual petri dish/ glassware in his experiment on bacterial isolates from sore throat or boils. Alexander Fleming This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Story continues… Returning from holiday on September 3, 1928, Fleming began to sort through petri dishes containing colonies of Staphylococcus, bacteria that cause boils, sore throats and abscesses. He OBSERVED something unusual on one dish. It was dotted with colonies, save for one area where a blob of mold was growing. The zone immediately around the mold— later identified as a rare strain of Penicillium notatum—was clear, as if the mold had secreted something that inhibited bacterial growth. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. He discovered a “MOLD” or fungi inside the petri dish and observed that the bacteria did not grow or touch the area with mold This is where he hypothesized that the mold can stop the growth of bacteria This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. What is our undertaking in this story? Fleming used the scientific method to explain what really happened on what he observe from his experiment Of course, he rerun many trials and replicates to make sure that this discovery is accurate, precise and valid. From his conclusion, we are now enjoying the benefits of his discovery of antibiotics to treat human and animal bacterial infections This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Experimentation Randomization - method of experimental control CRD has been extensively used in biological A B B experiments. A C A C B C Prevents the selection bias and insures against the accidental bias. Complete Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Split Plot Design, Strip Plot Design, Split-strip Plot Design, etc. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Experimentation Variable - any characteristics that can take on different values Independent - variable you manipulate or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects Dependent – a response variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Research question Independent variable Dependent variable(s) Do tomatoes grow Type of light the Rate of growth of the fastest under red light, tomato plant is grown tomato plant blue light, fluorescent under light, or natural sunlight? What is the effect of Presence or absence of Blood sugar levels intermittent fasting on intermittent fasting blood sugar levels? Do plants survive Type of Plants Plant Growth without watering? Number of Days Parameters without Watering Mortality Rate This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. DATA ANALYSIS Statistical analysis is the collection and interpretation of data in order to uncover patterns and trends. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. Scientific Method is a realistic method for acquiring knowledge which improved the development of science. The practice of scientific method is well known in the field of Biology which explores the potential answers to the different phenomena of life. It is crucial to develop critical thinking skills, sound judgement and keen analysis in the field of life science to further improve the skills of the students for advanced learning and research experimentation. This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)  This lecture materials are provided for educational purpose specifically BIOL 1100 General Botany. PLANT Thank You! BIOLOGY This instructional material must not be copied, reproduced, distributed, published, displayed, modified, or in any way exploited any such content. (Sir ABC)