Why are cations smaller?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for an explanation of why cations have a smaller size compared to their parent atoms. This involves concepts of atomic structure, ionization, and electron configuration.
Answer
Cations are smaller due to reduced electron-electron repulsion and unchanged nuclear charge.
A cation is smaller in size than its parent atom because it loses electrons, reducing electron-electron repulsion while maintaining the same nuclear charge, which results in a stronger attraction of the electrons to the nucleus.
Answer for screen readers
A cation is smaller in size than its parent atom because it loses electrons, reducing electron-electron repulsion while maintaining the same nuclear charge, which results in a stronger attraction of the electrons to the nucleus.
More Information
When atoms lose electrons to form cations, they often lose an entire electron shell, leading to a smaller ionic radius. Additionally, fewer electrons mean less shielding of the nuclear charge, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
Tips
A common mistake is ignoring the role of nuclear charge. Remember, cations have the same number of protons as their parent atoms.
Sources
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