Which of the following avoids first pass effect of drugs?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the methods or routes of drug administration that can bypass the first-pass metabolism, which is the initial process that drugs undergo when absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before they enter systemic circulation.
Answer
Transdermal, parenteral, sublingual, nasal, inhalational, and rectal routes avoid the first-pass effect.
The routes that avoid the first-pass effect are transdermal, parenteral (including intravenous and intramuscular), sublingual, nasal, inhalational, and rectal.
Answer for screen readers
The routes that avoid the first-pass effect are transdermal, parenteral (including intravenous and intramuscular), sublingual, nasal, inhalational, and rectal.
More Information
The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver, reducing its concentration before it reaches systemic circulation. Avoiding the first-pass effect can result in more of the active drug reaching its site of action.
Tips
A common mistake is to assume all non-oral routes avoid the first-pass effect, but rectal administration sometimes still involves hepatic metabolism.
Sources
- The web page with info on - Example Source - jove.com
- First Pass Effect - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics - sciencedirect.com
- First pass effect - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org
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