When a drug undergoes complete pre-systemic metabolism, it should not be given by which of the following routes? A. Intramuscular B. Orally C. Rectally D. Intravenous E. None
Understand the Problem
The question is asking which route of drug administration should not be used when a drug undergoes complete pre-systemic metabolism, focusing on pharmacology principles.
Answer
Orally.
The final answer is Orally.
Answer for screen readers
The final answer is Orally.
More Information
Oral administration of drugs often results in significant pre-systemic or first-pass metabolism, where the concentration of active drug is greatly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation. Other routes like intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal bypass this effect.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing the first-pass effect with other forms of drug metabolism that occur after absorption. Understanding which routes avoid the digestive tract can help avoid this mistake.
Sources
- First pass effect - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org
- Intravenous Route - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics - sciencedirect.com
- Drug Absorption - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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