What is the role of expression site switching in antigenic variation?
Understand the Problem
The question asks about the role of expression site switching in antigenic variation, a process used by certain pathogens like trypanosomes to evade the host's immune system. We need to identify the correct mechanism by which expression site switching contributes to antigenic variation.
Answer
Expression site switching in antigenic variation helps pathogens evade the host immune system by changing surface antigens.
In antigenic variation, expression site switching allows pathogens like African trypanosomes to evade the host's immune response. By changing which Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) gene is actively expressed, the pathogen alters its surface antigens, preventing the host's antibodies from effectively targeting and eliminating it.
Answer for screen readers
In antigenic variation, expression site switching allows pathogens like African trypanosomes to evade the host's immune response. By changing which Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) gene is actively expressed, the pathogen alters its surface antigens, preventing the host's antibodies from effectively targeting and eliminating it.
More Information
African trypanosomes cause diseases like sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. Antigenic variation is crucial for their survival within the host.
Tips
A common mistake is to confuse antigenic variation with other immune evasion strategies. Remember, antigenic variation specifically involves altering surface antigens through gene switching.
Sources
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the control of antigenic variation ... - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes - PubMed Central - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Emergence and adaptation of the cellular machinery directing ... - sciencedirect.com
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