What is salt hydrolysis? Briefly discuss hydrolysis of salt for the following types: a) Salts of weak acid and strong base b) Salts of strong acid and weak base c) Salts of weak ac... What is salt hydrolysis? Briefly discuss hydrolysis of salt for the following types: a) Salts of weak acid and strong base b) Salts of strong acid and weak base c) Salts of weak acid and weak base. What are buffer solutions? Describe the preparation of acidic buffer. Explain the terms 'Common ion effect' and 'Solubility product'. Discuss the application of solubility product in calculating the solubility of sparingly soluble salt. Give detailed descriptions of the principles of the following techniques, taking an example of each case: a) Crystallization b) Chromatography c) Sublimation d) Distillation. Discuss the chemistry of Lassaigne's test, Dumas method and Kjeldahl's test.
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The questions are asking for explanations and descriptions related to chemical concepts such as salt hydrolysis, buffer solutions, solubility products, and various analytical techniques. This indicates that the user is likely seeking information for study purposes in a chemistry context.
Answer
Salt hydrolysis affects pH depending on acid/base strength. Buffers resist pH changes. 'Common ion effect' affects ionization; 'Solubility product' helps determine solubility. Techniques: crystallization, chromatography, sublimation, distillation. Lassaigne's, Dumas, and Kjeldahl's tests detect nitrogen.
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Salt hydrolysis involves the reaction of salt ions with water, affecting pH:
- a) Salts of weak acid and strong base (e.g., sodium acetate) form basic solutions.
- b) Salts of strong acid and weak base (e.g., ammonium chloride) form acidic solutions.
- c) Salts of weak acid and weak base can be neutral, acidic, or basic.
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Buffer solutions resist changes in pH upon adding small amounts of acid or base. An acidic buffer (e.g., acetic acid and sodium acetate) maintains pH if an acid or base is added.
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The 'Common ion effect' suppresses ionization of weak acids/bases by adding a common ion. The 'Solubility product' (Ksp) indicates a salt's solubility, used to calculate solubility of sparingly soluble salts.
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Techniques:
- Crystallization: Formation of solid crystals from a solution, e.g., sugar from syrup.
- Chromatography: Separation of components, e.g., ink pigments.
- Sublimation: Transition from solid to gas without becoming liquid, e.g., iodine.
- Distillation: Separation by boiling point, e.g., purifying water.
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Lassaigne's test detects nitrogen in organic compounds by converting it to sodium cyanide. The Dumas method calculates nitrogen by combustion and analyzing gases. The Kjeldahl's test measures nitrogen content by converting it to ammonium.
Answer for screen readers
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Salt hydrolysis involves the reaction of salt ions with water, affecting pH:
- a) Salts of weak acid and strong base (e.g., sodium acetate) form basic solutions.
- b) Salts of strong acid and weak base (e.g., ammonium chloride) form acidic solutions.
- c) Salts of weak acid and weak base can be neutral, acidic, or basic.
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Buffer solutions resist changes in pH upon adding small amounts of acid or base. An acidic buffer (e.g., acetic acid and sodium acetate) maintains pH if an acid or base is added.
-
The 'Common ion effect' suppresses ionization of weak acids/bases by adding a common ion. The 'Solubility product' (Ksp) indicates a salt's solubility, used to calculate solubility of sparingly soluble salts.
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Techniques:
- Crystallization: Formation of solid crystals from a solution, e.g., sugar from syrup.
- Chromatography: Separation of components, e.g., ink pigments.
- Sublimation: Transition from solid to gas without becoming liquid, e.g., iodine.
- Distillation: Separation by boiling point, e.g., purifying water.
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Lassaigne's test detects nitrogen in organic compounds by converting it to sodium cyanide. The Dumas method calculates nitrogen by combustion and analyzing gases. The Kjeldahl's test measures nitrogen content by converting it to ammonium.
More Information
Salt hydrolysis varies with acid/base strength affecting solution pH. Buffers maintain stability in chemical systems. Common ion effect is crucial in analytical chemistry, while solubility product is useful in predicting salt solubility. Techniques mentioned are fundamental in chemical separation and purification.
Tips
Avoid confusing the types of salts when determining acidic or basic nature. Proper understanding of the common ion effect and solubility product concepts is key to their application.
Sources
- Salt Hydrolysis | Definition, Formula & Examples - Lesson - Study.com - study.com
- Salt Hydrolysis Ionic Equilbrium Tips - BYJU'S - byjus.com
- Hydrolysis - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
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