This occurs when masculine or feminine persons are more likely to endorse an item.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to identify which option describes a situation where individuals of a specific gender (masculine or feminine) show different tendencies in endorsing an item, which relates to issues in measurement or bias in assessments.
Answer
Differential Item Functioning (DIF).
Differential Item Functioning (DIF) occurs when masculine or feminine persons are more likely to endorse an item, even if they have the same level of the underlying trait or ability being measured.
Answer for screen readers
Differential Item Functioning (DIF) occurs when masculine or feminine persons are more likely to endorse an item, even if they have the same level of the underlying trait or ability being measured.
More Information
DIF can result in bias within psychological tests, leading to unequal assessments across gender lines. This can affect the validity of conclusions drawn from such instruments.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing DIF with general differences in attitudes or behaviors across genders without considering measurement bias.
Sources
- Gender Bias in Diagnostic Criteria for Personality Disorders - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Gender Differences in Personality: An Item-Level Analysis - academicworks.cuny.edu
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