Provide important limits and series expansions related to trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, as well as L'Hospital's rule.

Understand the Problem
The question is asking for important limits and expansions related to trigonometric functions, logarithmic limits, and exponential limits. It provides formulas and results necessary to evaluate these limits, as well as applying L'Hospital's rule.
Answer
Evaluate the limits using provided expansions and rules as necessary for trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, applying L'Hospital's Rule when encountering indeterminate forms.
Answer for screen readers
The answer involves understanding and applying the various limits as described, and would depend on specific evaluations based on provided formulas and expansions.
Steps to Solve
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Identify the Types of Limits First, recognize that the problem involves evaluating different types of limits: trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential limits, as well as applying L'Hospital's Rule.
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Apply Trigonometric Expansions Use the provided trigonometric expansions to simplify expressions involving $\sin x$, $\tan x$, and $\cos x$. For example, using the expansion for $\sin x$: $$ \sin x = x - \frac{x^3}{3!} + \frac{x^5}{5!} - \ldots $$
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Evaluate Logarithmic Limits Refer to the logarithmic limit formulas such as: $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\log(1 + x)}{x} = 1 $$ and $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\log(1 - x)}{-x} = 1 $$
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Evaluate Exponential Limits For exponential limits, apply the series expansions for $e^x$ and $a^x$. Use results like: $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e^x - 1}{x} = 1 $$ and $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{a^x - 1}{x} = \log_e a $$
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Apply L'Hospital's Rule where Necessary If any limit evaluates to an indeterminate form like $\frac{0}{0}$ or $\frac{\infty}{\infty}$, use L'Hospital's Rule: $$ \lim_{x \to c} \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \lim_{x \to c} \frac{f'(x)}{g'(x)} $$ as long as the limits exist.
The answer involves understanding and applying the various limits as described, and would depend on specific evaluations based on provided formulas and expansions.
More Information
These limit results are foundational in calculus, particularly useful in evaluating complex limits that arise in various mathematical applications. Trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions are often encountered in real-world problems and mathematical modeling.
Tips
- Forgetting to apply expansions or limits correctly based on the range of $x$.
- Not recognizing when to apply L'Hospital's Rule, particularly with indeterminate forms.
- Miscalculating derivatives when applying L'Hospital's Rule.
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