Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus affects its stability.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for an explanation of the relationship between the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus and how this affects the stability of that atom. It seeks to uncover how variations in these particles influence nuclear stability.
Answer
The balance between protons and neutrons affects nuclear stability. An imbalance can cause instability.
The stability of an atom's nucleus is influenced by the balance between its protons and neutrons. An excess of either can lead to instability. A stable nucleus generally requires a specific ratio of neutrons to protons, which varies with atomic number. Stability is enhanced at 'magic numbers' of nucleons.
Answer for screen readers
The stability of an atom's nucleus is influenced by the balance between its protons and neutrons. An excess of either can lead to instability. A stable nucleus generally requires a specific ratio of neutrons to protons, which varies with atomic number. Stability is enhanced at 'magic numbers' of nucleons.
More Information
For smaller atoms, a 1:1 ratio of neutrons to protons is often stable, but for heavier atoms, more neutrons are needed to offset the repulsion between the increasing number of protons.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming that only the number of protons affects stability, but the neutron-to-proton ratio is crucial, especially in heavier elements.
Sources
- 25.3: Stability of Atomic Nuclei - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
- Band of Stability - ch302.cm.utexas.edu
- Radioactivity - ARPANSA - arpansa.gov.au
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