Explain how electrons are accelerated in a LINAC.

Understand the Problem

The question asks for an explanation of how electrons are accelerated in a linear accelerator (LINAC), particularly referencing experiments conducted at Stanford in the 1970s to study proton structure. The explanation should cover the fundamental principles behind electron acceleration in a LINAC.

Answer

Electrons in a LINAC are accelerated using oscillating electric potentials or radio-frequency electromagnetic waves along a linear path.

In a LINAC (linear accelerator), electrons are accelerated through a linear tube by being subjected to a series of oscillating electric potentials or radio-frequency electromagnetic waves. These waves or potentials are stored in accelerating structures or cavities, causing the electrons to gain energy as they travel along the beamline.

More Information

LINACs are used in various applications, including radiation therapy in medicine, where they generate high-energy electrons and X-rays.

Tips

A common mistake is thinking the acceleration is due to a single, constant electric field. It's important to remember the fields are oscillating and carefully timed.