Differentiate (cosh x - cos x) / (sinh x - sin x) with respect to x.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking to find the derivative of the expression (cosh x - cos x) / (sinh x - sin x) with respect to x. This involves applying the quotient rule of differentiation to the given function.
Answer
$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
Answer for screen readers
$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
Steps to Solve
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Identify the function and the quotient rule
We begin with the function ( f(x) = \frac{\cosh x - \cos x}{\sinh x - \sin x} ).
To find the derivative, we will use the quotient rule, which states that if ( f(x) = \frac{g(x)}{h(x)} ), then
$$ f'(x) = \frac{g'(x)h(x) - g(x)h'(x)}{(h(x))^2} $$
where ( g(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ) and ( h(x) = \sinh x - \sin x ). -
Find the derivatives of g(x) and h(x)
We need to find ( g'(x) ) and ( h'(x) ).
For ( g(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ):
The derivative ( g'(x) = \sinh x + \sin x ).
For ( h(x) = \sinh x - \sin x ):
The derivative ( h'(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ).
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Plug into the quotient rule
Now substitute ( g(x) ), ( g'(x) ), ( h(x) ), and ( h'(x) ) into the quotient rule formula.
Thus, we have:
$$ f'(x) = \frac{(\sinh x + \sin x)(\sinh x - \sin x) - (\cosh x - \cos x)(\cosh x - \cos x)}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
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Simplify the expression
Next, simplify the numerator:
Expanding using the difference of squares gives:
$$ (\sinh^2 x - \sin^2 x) - (\cosh^2 x - 2\cosh x \cos x + \cos^2 x) $$
Combine terms, remembering that ( \cosh^2 x - \sinh^2 x = 1 ), leading to:
$$ = (1 - \sin^2 x - \cos^2 x + 2\cosh x \cos x) $$ -
Final derivative expression
Thus, the final derivative is:
$$
f'(x) = \frac{1 - \sin^2 x - \cos^2 x + 2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2}
$$
Since ( \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 ), we can simplify it to:
$$
f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2}
$$
$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
More Information
The derivative of the function measures how the ratio of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions changes with respect to ( x ). This type of differentiation is common in calculus where functions are expressed as ratios of two expressions.
Tips
- Forgetting to apply the quotient rule correctly can lead to errors in the derivative.
- Not simplifying expressions, especially using identities like ( \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 ), can lead to unnecessarily complicated results.
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