Differentiate (cosh x - cos x) / (sinh x - sin x) with respect to x.

Understand the Problem

The question is asking to find the derivative of the expression (cosh x - cos x) / (sinh x - sin x) with respect to x. This involves applying the quotient rule of differentiation to the given function.

Answer

$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
Answer for screen readers

$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$

Steps to Solve

  1. Identify the function and the quotient rule
    We begin with the function ( f(x) = \frac{\cosh x - \cos x}{\sinh x - \sin x} ).
    To find the derivative, we will use the quotient rule, which states that if ( f(x) = \frac{g(x)}{h(x)} ), then
    $$ f'(x) = \frac{g'(x)h(x) - g(x)h'(x)}{(h(x))^2} $$
    where ( g(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ) and ( h(x) = \sinh x - \sin x ).

  2. Find the derivatives of g(x) and h(x)
    We need to find ( g'(x) ) and ( h'(x) ).

For ( g(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ):
The derivative ( g'(x) = \sinh x + \sin x ).

For ( h(x) = \sinh x - \sin x ):
The derivative ( h'(x) = \cosh x - \cos x ).

  1. Plug into the quotient rule
    Now substitute ( g(x) ), ( g'(x) ), ( h(x) ), and ( h'(x) ) into the quotient rule formula.
    Thus, we have:

$$ f'(x) = \frac{(\sinh x + \sin x)(\sinh x - \sin x) - (\cosh x - \cos x)(\cosh x - \cos x)}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$

  1. Simplify the expression
    Next, simplify the numerator:
    Expanding using the difference of squares gives:
    $$ (\sinh^2 x - \sin^2 x) - (\cosh^2 x - 2\cosh x \cos x + \cos^2 x) $$
    Combine terms, remembering that ( \cosh^2 x - \sinh^2 x = 1 ), leading to:
    $$ = (1 - \sin^2 x - \cos^2 x + 2\cosh x \cos x) $$

  2. Final derivative expression
    Thus, the final derivative is:

$$ f'(x) = \frac{1 - \sin^2 x - \cos^2 x + 2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$
Since ( \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 ), we can simplify it to:
$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$

$$ f'(x) = \frac{2 \cosh x \cos x}{(\sinh x - \sin x)^2} $$

More Information

The derivative of the function measures how the ratio of hyperbolic and trigonometric functions changes with respect to ( x ). This type of differentiation is common in calculus where functions are expressed as ratios of two expressions.

Tips

  • Forgetting to apply the quotient rule correctly can lead to errors in the derivative.
  • Not simplifying expressions, especially using identities like ( \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 ), can lead to unnecessarily complicated results.

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