Consider a population of lizards in which some individuals reproduce sexually and others reproduce asexually through parthenogenesis. A novel, highly virulent pathogen emerges that... Consider a population of lizards in which some individuals reproduce sexually and others reproduce asexually through parthenogenesis. A novel, highly virulent pathogen emerges that targets only individuals with a specific MHC (major histocompatibility complex) allele. Which reproductive strategy will MOST likely confer a selective advantage during this epidemic?
Understand the Problem
The question asks which reproductive strategy, sexual or asexual (parthenogenesis), would be more advantageous for a lizard population facing a pathogen that targets individuals with a specific MHC allele. The key factor to consider is how each reproductive strategy affects genetic diversity and the ability to resist the pathogen.
Answer
Sexual reproduction is more likely to confer a selective advantage because it produces diverse offspring, some of which may be resistant to the pathogen.
Sexual reproduction will most likely confer a selective advantage. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with diverse MHC alleles, increasing the likelihood that some individuals will be resistant to the pathogen. Asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical MHC alleles, making the entire population vulnerable.
Answer for screen readers
Sexual reproduction will most likely confer a selective advantage. Sexual reproduction produces offspring with diverse MHC alleles, increasing the likelihood that some individuals will be resistant to the pathogen. Asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical MHC alleles, making the entire population vulnerable.
More Information
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a set of genes that code for cell surface proteins that regulate the immune system. Pathogens evolve to target common MHC alleles, so diversity is an advantage.
Tips
It is a common mistake to confuse asexual reproduction with conferring a selective advantage in the face of a rapidly spreading pathogen. Asexual reproduction decreases diversity, which is not helpful when a quickly spreading pathogen is introduced.
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