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Questions and Answers
What symbol is commonly used to denote the size of a population?
What symbol is commonly used to denote the size of a population?
A finite population consists of an unlimited number of items.
A finite population consists of an unlimited number of items.
False (B)
What is a sample in statistical terms?
What is a sample in statistical terms?
A part of the population
A __________ variable can only take on specific values that are countable.
A __________ variable can only take on specific values that are countable.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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Which of the following is considered a qualitative variable?
Which of the following is considered a qualitative variable?
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Weight is classified as a qualitative variable.
Weight is classified as a qualitative variable.
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What is a qualitative variable?
What is a qualitative variable?
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An example of a qualitative variable is __________.
An example of a qualitative variable is __________.
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Match the following variables to their classification:
Match the following variables to their classification:
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Study Notes
Statistics
- Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.
- Descriptive statistics organizes and summarizes information using graphs, charts, tables, and calculations of statistical measures.
- A population is a collection of individuals, items, or data considered for a statistical study.
- A finite population has a limited number of data, items, or individuals.
- An infinite population has an unlimited number of data, items, or individuals.
- A sample is a part of a population.
- Sample size is the number of elements in a sample.
- A parameter is a numerical quantity measuring an aspect of a population.
- A variable is a characteristic of interest concerning individual elements in a population or a sample.
Classification of Variables
- Qualitative variables describe qualities or characteristics, which can be further classified as:
- Nominal: Categories with no inherent order (e.g., hair color, religion).
- Ordinal: Categories with a meaningful order (e.g., level of education, customer satisfaction).
- Quantitative variables describe quantities and can be further classified as:
- Discrete: Values that can only be whole numbers (e.g., number of children in a family, accidents per day).
- Continuous: Values that can take on any value within a given range (e.g., height, weight, age).
Data Processing
- Constant: A numerical characteristic that does not change.
- Frequency table: A table displaying classes of variables along with related frequency, relative frequency, and percent frequency.
- Grouped data: Data organized into classes or intervals.
- Ungrouped data: Data that is not organized into classes or intervals.
Measures of Central Tendency
- Mean: The average of a set of values. For a sample, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values; for grouped data, calculated from a frequency table (∑fx/∑f).
- Median: The middle value in a sorted dataset.
- Mode: The most frequent value in a dataset.
Measures of Dispersion
- Range: The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.
- Variance: A measure of how spread out the values are from the mean.
- Standard Deviation (σ ): The square root of the variance (a measure of the spread of the values about the mean.)
Other Important Concepts
- Quartiles: Values that divide a dataset into four equal parts (Q1, Q2, Q3).
- Deciles: Values that divide a dataset into ten equal parts.
- Percentiles: Values that divide a dataset into 100 equal parts.
- Mean Deviation (MD): The average absolute deviation of values from the mean.
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