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Questions and Answers
What does a null value in a database indicate?
What does a null value in a database indicate?
Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting attributes to be indexed?
Which of the following is a key consideration when selecting attributes to be indexed?
In physical database design, which action corresponds to translating well-structured relations into efficient database tables?
In physical database design, which action corresponds to translating well-structured relations into efficient database tables?
Which type of file organization is best suited for quick retrieval of records?
Which type of file organization is best suited for quick retrieval of records?
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Which coding scheme is recognized by system software for representing organizational data?
Which coding scheme is recognized by system software for representing organizational data?
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What is the purpose of indexes in a database?
What is the purpose of indexes in a database?
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Which statement accurately describes a default value in a database?
Which statement accurately describes a default value in a database?
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Which scenario commonly necessitates the use of calculated fields in databases?
Which scenario commonly necessitates the use of calculated fields in databases?
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Which of the following is the primary purpose of an index in a database?
Which of the following is the primary purpose of an index in a database?
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In which type of file organization are rows stored in a nonsequential order with an index to locate individual rows?
In which type of file organization are rows stored in a nonsequential order with an index to locate individual rows?
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What is a potential issue when choosing storage formats for fields in database tables?
What is a potential issue when choosing storage formats for fields in database tables?
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Which term refers to fields of data that can point to a related field or record within the same database?
Which term refers to fields of data that can point to a related field or record within the same database?
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What characterizes a secondary key in a database?
What characterizes a secondary key in a database?
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What is a calculated field in a database?
What is a calculated field in a database?
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Which factor is NOT typically considered when selecting attributes to be indexed?
Which factor is NOT typically considered when selecting attributes to be indexed?
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What is the consequence of using null values in a database frequently?
What is the consequence of using null values in a database frequently?
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What is the main purpose of using null values in databases?
What is the main purpose of using null values in databases?
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When selecting attributes to be indexed in a database, which consideration is least important?
When selecting attributes to be indexed in a database, which consideration is least important?
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Which of the following best describes physical database design?
Which of the following best describes physical database design?
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What type of file organization is typically used for sequential data access?
What type of file organization is typically used for sequential data access?
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Which of the following statements about calculated fields is correct?
Which of the following statements about calculated fields is correct?
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In relational databases, what does de-normalization achieve?
In relational databases, what does de-normalization achieve?
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What is partitioning in the context of databases?
What is partitioning in the context of databases?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a logical database design?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a logical database design?
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Study Notes
Chapter 8: Structuring System Data Requirements
- Data modeling is often done through diagramming, specifically entity-relationship diagrams
- A conceptual data model captures the structure of organizational data, independent of the database management system.
- A physical data model also captures the structure of organizational data, but is independent of the database management system.
- Conceptual data modeling is done in parallel with the other requirements analysis and structuring steps.
- Conceptual data modeling begins with developing a conceptual data model for an existing system. This is done to plan the conversion of existing files (or a database) to the new system.
Chapter 9: Designing Databases
- Database design is often done in parallel with other systems design.
- Logical database design combines all user interface data requirements to one logical database model.
- A primary key is an attribute value that uniquely identifies each occurrence of a relation or record
- A relation is a named two-dimensional table of data containing attributes.
- A column in a table is representative of an attribute.
- A row in a table represents each occurrence of an entity type from the relation
Chapter 10: Designing Forms and Reports
- Forms are business documents that contain predefined data and some blank spaces for further data input.
- Reports are business documents that only contain predefined data and are used for reading or viewing.
- Reports typically contain data from many unrelated transactions or records.
Chapter 11: Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
- Interfaces are the portion of a system that users interact with
- Some common interface methods include command languages, menus, forms, objects, and natural language.
- Menu-based interfaces are often used because the options are easily viewed and selected.
- Form-based interfaces are commonly used in business systems to format data entry or retrieval similar to paper documents.
- Object-based interfaces uses icons to represent commands.
- Natural Language interfaces (more complex) use natural language instead of special, pre-determined commands.
Chapter 12: Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
- Client/server architecture is when the functions of a system are divided between a client-based machine and a server-based machine.
- Clients manage user interfaces, while servers handle database processing and shared access functions
- Web Services are a method of communication between electronic devices.
- XML is a data interchange protocol used in web-based systems.
- JSON is another protocol that is lightweight and fast.
Chapter 13: System Implementation
- Coding transforms design specifications into code.
- Testing involves testing the individual modules, or larger units of the system, to find errors.
- Installation is the process of installing the implemented system into the real-world scenario.
- Documentation documents how the system is structured.
- Training involves teaching users how to use the new system. This is important for successful system implementation.
Chapter 14: Maintaining Information Systems
- Maintenance involves resolving issues, adapting to changing needs, improving the system and preventing future problems.
- Corrective maintenance involves fixing bugs,
- Adaptive maintenance involves modifying the system to accommodate new requirements/environment
- Perfective maintenance involves improving the performance and adding desired but not-required attributes
- Preventive maintenance involves the correction of problems BEFORE they become critical, this is done to proactively prevent potential issues.
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