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Questions and Answers

What is Biology?

  • The study of weather
  • The study of energy
  • The study of life (correct)
  • The study of rocks
  • What is an Organism?

    A living thing that has the ability to maintain all attributes of life

    What does Biotic mean?

    Living

    What does Abiotic mean?

    <p>Not and never was living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Metabolism?

    <p>An organism's chemical reactions that occur within in order to maintain life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Homeostasis?

    <p>The state of having equilibrium in body function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Stimulus?

    <p>Anything that can trigger a nerve signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Adaptations?

    <p>A trait that is passed down through species that allow for that species to support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Natural Selection?

    <p>In an environment, only the species that are the most adaptable may survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Evolution?

    <p>Species that are alive currently are descendants of certain species in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Autotrophic mean?

    <p>An organism that has the capability of creating its own food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Heterotrophic mean?

    <p>An organism that must consume other organisms in order to obtain energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cells that have a membrane bound nucleus and other organelles that also have a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Prokaryotic cells?

    <p>A cell that does not have a membrane bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sexual Reproduction?

    <p>The creation of offspring by the joining of two sex cells that form a fertilized egg cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Asexual Reproduction?

    <p>The creation of offspring that is genetically identical to its parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Binomial Nomenclature?

    <p>A naming system for organisms that contains two parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the All levels of classification?

    <p>The system that classifies an organism (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Chordate...)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the All levels of hierarchy?

    <p>The structural levels of organization from simple to complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Cell Theory?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Nucleus?

    <p>The control center of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Prokaryote?

    <p>A cell that does not have a membrane bound nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Eukaryote?

    <p>A cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and other organelles that also have a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cell Membrane?

    <p>Membrane that allows for movement of molecules and that contains the cytoplasm. Is a phospholipid layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cell Wall?

    <p>The outermost layer in plant cells that is made of cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Chromosomes?

    <p>A structure that is composed of information in the forms of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Chromatin?

    <p>The material that chromosomes are made of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Nucleolus?

    <p>The part of the nucleus that creates ribosomal RNA according to the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Nuclear Membrane?

    <p>Membrane that encloses the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Ribosomes?

    <p>Organelles that produce proteins according to their DNA and organize traffic in the cell's cytoplasm. They also synthesize ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ER (Rough and Smooth)?

    <p>A network of membranes that is an extension of the nucleus. The rough ER contains ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Golgi Apparatus?

    <p>Organelle that acts as a shipping factory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Lysosomes?

    <p>Organelle that is filled with digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Vacuoles?

    <p>Large compartments that collect and store wastes and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Vesicles?

    <p>A membrane sac in the Eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Cytoskeleton?

    <p>A collection of proteins that supports the cell's shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Mitochondria?

    <p>Organelles that allow for cellular respiration that converts sugars into ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Chloroplasts?

    <p>Organelles that allow for Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cytoplasm?

    <p>Fluids inside the cell that keep organelles in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Basics of Biology

    • Biology focuses on the study of life and living organisms.
    • Organisms are characterized as living entities able to sustain life attributes.

    Living vs Non-living

    • Biotic refers to living components of an ecosystem.
    • Abiotic refers to non-living elements that have never been alive.

    Life Processes

    • Metabolism involves all chemical reactions that maintain life functions in an organism.
    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism.

    Responses and Adaptations

    • A stimulus is an external factor that triggers a nerve signal in an organism.
    • Adaptations are inherited traits that help a species survive in its environment.

    Evolutionary Concepts

    • Natural Selection is the process where only the most adaptable species survive and reproduce.
    • Evolution emphasizes that current species are descended from ancestral species over time.

    Nutrition Types

    • Autotrophic organisms produce their own food, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
    • Heterotrophic organisms obtain energy by consuming other living things.

    Cell Types

    • Eukaryotic cells include organisms from Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdoms.
    • Prokaryotic cells include Bacteria and Archaea, lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.

    Reproduction Methods

    • Sexual Reproduction involves the fusion of two sex cells to form a fertilized egg.
    • Asexual Reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

    Classification Systems

    • Binomial Nomenclature is the two-part naming system for organisms, indicating genus and species.
    • The hierarchy of classification includes categories like Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, and more to organize life forms.

    Cell Structure and Functions

    • Cell Theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.
    • The nucleus serves as the control center of eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material.

    Membrane and Organelles

    • Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and organelles.
    • The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules and contains phospholipids.

    Cell Components

    • The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides structure to plant cells.
    • Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus containing genetic information in the form of genes.

    Cellular Processes

    • The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA from DNA instructions.
    • Ribosomes produce proteins and organize cellular traffic in the cytoplasm.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum

    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is studded with ribosomes, while the smooth ER lacks these structures.

    Cellular Organelles

    • The Golgi apparatus functions as a shipping center for cellular products.
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.

    Storage and Support

    • Vacuoles are large compartments for storing waste and nutrients.
    • Vesicles are small membrane sacs found in eukaryotic cells, involved in transport.

    Cellular Framework

    • The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that help maintain the cell's shape.

    Energy Organelles

    • Mitochondria convert sugars into ATP through cellular respiration.
    • Chloroplasts are responsible for conducting photosynthesis in plant cells.

    Cytoplasmic Environment

    • Cytoplasm consists of the fluid filling the cell, providing structure and environment for organelles.

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