Untitled Quiz

Basics of Biology

• Biology focuses on the study of life and living organisms.
• Organisms are characterized as living entities able to sustain life attributes.

Living vs Non-living

• Biotic refers to living components of an ecosystem.
• Abiotic refers to non-living elements that have never been alive.

Life Processes

• Metabolism involves all chemical reactions that maintain life functions in an organism.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism.

Responses and Adaptations

• A stimulus is an external factor that triggers a nerve signal in an organism.
• Adaptations are inherited traits that help a species survive in its environment.

Evolutionary Concepts

• Natural Selection is the process where only the most adaptable species survive and reproduce.
• Evolution emphasizes that current species are descended from ancestral species over time.

Nutrition Types

• Autotrophic organisms produce their own food, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
• Heterotrophic organisms obtain energy by consuming other living things.

Cell Types

• Eukaryotic cells include organisms from Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdoms.
• Prokaryotic cells include Bacteria and Archaea, lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.

Reproduction Methods

• Sexual Reproduction involves the fusion of two sex cells to form a fertilized egg.
• Asexual Reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Classification Systems

• Binomial Nomenclature is the two-part naming system for organisms, indicating genus and species.
• The hierarchy of classification includes categories like Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, and more to organize life forms.

Cell Structure and Functions

• Cell Theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.
• The nucleus serves as the control center of eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material.

Membrane and Organelles

• Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and organelles.
• The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules and contains phospholipids.

Cell Components

• The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides structure to plant cells.
• Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus containing genetic information in the form of genes.

Cellular Processes

• The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA from DNA instructions.
• Ribosomes produce proteins and organize cellular traffic in the cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is studded with ribosomes, while the smooth ER lacks these structures.

Cellular Organelles

• The Golgi apparatus functions as a shipping center for cellular products.
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.

Storage and Support

• Vacuoles are large compartments for storing waste and nutrients.
• Vesicles are small membrane sacs found in eukaryotic cells, involved in transport.

Cellular Framework

• The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that help maintain the cell's shape.

Energy Organelles

• Mitochondria convert sugars into ATP through cellular respiration.
• Chloroplasts are responsible for conducting photosynthesis in plant cells.

Cytoplasmic Environment

• Cytoplasm consists of the fluid filling the cell, providing structure and environment for organelles.