Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is Biology?
What is Biology?
What is an Organism?
What is an Organism?
A living thing that has the ability to maintain all attributes of life
What does Biotic mean?
What does Biotic mean?
Living
What does Abiotic mean?
What does Abiotic mean?
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What is Metabolism?
What is Metabolism?
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What is Homeostasis?
What is Homeostasis?
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What is a Stimulus?
What is a Stimulus?
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What are Adaptations?
What are Adaptations?
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What is Natural Selection?
What is Natural Selection?
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What is Evolution?
What is Evolution?
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What does Autotrophic mean?
What does Autotrophic mean?
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What does Heterotrophic mean?
What does Heterotrophic mean?
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What are Eukaryotic cells?
What are Eukaryotic cells?
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What are Prokaryotic cells?
What are Prokaryotic cells?
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What is Sexual Reproduction?
What is Sexual Reproduction?
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What is Asexual Reproduction?
What is Asexual Reproduction?
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What is Binomial Nomenclature?
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
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What are the All levels of classification?
What are the All levels of classification?
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What are the All levels of hierarchy?
What are the All levels of hierarchy?
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What is the Cell Theory?
What is the Cell Theory?
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What is the Nucleus?
What is the Nucleus?
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What is a Prokaryote?
What is a Prokaryote?
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What is a Eukaryote?
What is a Eukaryote?
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What is a Cell Membrane?
What is a Cell Membrane?
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What is a Cell Wall?
What is a Cell Wall?
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What are Chromosomes?
What are Chromosomes?
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What is Chromatin?
What is Chromatin?
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What is the Nucleolus?
What is the Nucleolus?
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What is the Nuclear Membrane?
What is the Nuclear Membrane?
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What are Ribosomes?
What are Ribosomes?
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What is the ER (Rough and Smooth)?
What is the ER (Rough and Smooth)?
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What is the Golgi Apparatus?
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
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What are Lysosomes?
What are Lysosomes?
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What are Vacuoles?
What are Vacuoles?
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What are Vesicles?
What are Vesicles?
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What is the Cytoskeleton?
What is the Cytoskeleton?
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What are Mitochondria?
What are Mitochondria?
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What are Chloroplasts?
What are Chloroplasts?
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What is Cytoplasm?
What is Cytoplasm?
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Study Notes
Basics of Biology
- Biology focuses on the study of life and living organisms.
- Organisms are characterized as living entities able to sustain life attributes.
Living vs Non-living
- Biotic refers to living components of an ecosystem.
- Abiotic refers to non-living elements that have never been alive.
Life Processes
- Metabolism involves all chemical reactions that maintain life functions in an organism.
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions within an organism.
Responses and Adaptations
- A stimulus is an external factor that triggers a nerve signal in an organism.
- Adaptations are inherited traits that help a species survive in its environment.
Evolutionary Concepts
- Natural Selection is the process where only the most adaptable species survive and reproduce.
- Evolution emphasizes that current species are descended from ancestral species over time.
Nutrition Types
- Autotrophic organisms produce their own food, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
- Heterotrophic organisms obtain energy by consuming other living things.
Cell Types
- Eukaryotic cells include organisms from Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia kingdoms.
- Prokaryotic cells include Bacteria and Archaea, lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.
Reproduction Methods
- Sexual Reproduction involves the fusion of two sex cells to form a fertilized egg.
- Asexual Reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Classification Systems
- Binomial Nomenclature is the two-part naming system for organisms, indicating genus and species.
- The hierarchy of classification includes categories like Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, and more to organize life forms.
Cell Structure and Functions
- Cell Theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.
- The nucleus serves as the control center of eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material.
Membrane and Organelles
- Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and organelles.
- The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules and contains phospholipids.
Cell Components
- The cell wall, made of cellulose, provides structure to plant cells.
- Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus containing genetic information in the form of genes.
Cellular Processes
- The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomal RNA from DNA instructions.
- Ribosomes produce proteins and organize cellular traffic in the cytoplasm.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is studded with ribosomes, while the smooth ER lacks these structures.
Cellular Organelles
- The Golgi apparatus functions as a shipping center for cellular products.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down materials.
Storage and Support
- Vacuoles are large compartments for storing waste and nutrients.
- Vesicles are small membrane sacs found in eukaryotic cells, involved in transport.
Cellular Framework
- The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that help maintain the cell's shape.
Energy Organelles
- Mitochondria convert sugars into ATP through cellular respiration.
- Chloroplasts are responsible for conducting photosynthesis in plant cells.
Cytoplasmic Environment
- Cytoplasm consists of the fluid filling the cell, providing structure and environment for organelles.
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