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Questions and Answers
Which literary device is demonstrated in the example "She sells sea shells by the sea shore."?
Which literary device is demonstrated in the example "She sells sea shells by the sea shore."?
The phrase "He was a real Romeo with the ladies" is an example of which literary device?
The phrase "He was a real Romeo with the ladies" is an example of which literary device?
What literary device is characterized by the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, as in "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better."?
What literary device is characterized by the repetition of a phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, as in "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better."?
The phrase "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times" serves as an example of which literary device?
The phrase "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times" serves as an example of which literary device?
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In the statement "O Death, where is thy sting?", what literary device is being utilized?
In the statement "O Death, where is thy sting?", what literary device is being utilized?
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Which literary device is illustrated by the expression "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."?
Which literary device is illustrated by the expression "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."?
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The phrase "Time is a thief" is an example of which literary device?
The phrase "Time is a thief" is an example of which literary device?
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The phrase "A dove represents peace" exemplifies which literary device?
The phrase "A dove represents peace" exemplifies which literary device?
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What narrative technique is exemplified by the phrase 'Jack woke up, ate breakfast, and then left for his journey'?
What narrative technique is exemplified by the phrase 'Jack woke up, ate breakfast, and then left for his journey'?
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Which narrative technique is demonstrated by 'Jack remembered the day he found the key as he stood at the dragon's lair'?
Which narrative technique is demonstrated by 'Jack remembered the day he found the key as he stood at the dragon's lair'?
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What does the term 'in medias res' indicate in narrative structure?
What does the term 'in medias res' indicate in narrative structure?
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Which example illustrates the concept of 'iterative' in storytelling?
Which example illustrates the concept of 'iterative' in storytelling?
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What does the narrative technique 'prolepsis' refer to?
What does the narrative technique 'prolepsis' refer to?
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Which term describes the technique where a character recalls their childhood?
Which term describes the technique where a character recalls their childhood?
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What is the term for a narrator who is part of the story, such as 'I saw the thief running down the alley'?
What is the term for a narrator who is part of the story, such as 'I saw the thief running down the alley'?
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What narrative technique involves relaying a character's thoughts more freely and directly without a narrative filter?
What narrative technique involves relaying a character's thoughts more freely and directly without a narrative filter?
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In 'Animal Farm', which literary device is used to convey broader social and political commentary through animal characters?
In 'Animal Farm', which literary device is used to convey broader social and political commentary through animal characters?
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Which term describes the phrase 'It's raining cats and dogs'?
Which term describes the phrase 'It's raining cats and dogs'?
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What does the term 'hubris' refer to in literature?
What does the term 'hubris' refer to in literature?
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Which of the following is an example of epistrophe?
Which of the following is an example of epistrophe?
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What is characterized by an unreliable narrator claiming to never lie except when necessary?
What is characterized by an unreliable narrator claiming to never lie except when necessary?
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What event marks the beginning of Jack's transformation in the story?
What event marks the beginning of Jack's transformation in the story?
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Which of the following represents the climax of the story?
Which of the following represents the climax of the story?
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What is the function of Jack's friend Sam in the story?
What is the function of Jack's friend Sam in the story?
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Which statement best describes Jack's character complexity?
Which statement best describes Jack's character complexity?
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What role does the bolt of lightning play in the narrative?
What role does the bolt of lightning play in the narrative?
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How is Jack characterized through his actions?
How is Jack characterized through his actions?
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What type of ending does the story have when Jack reflects on future adventures?
What type of ending does the story have when Jack reflects on future adventures?
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In which narrative tense does Jack venture into the dark forest?
In which narrative tense does Jack venture into the dark forest?
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Study Notes
Literary Devices
- Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, used for emphasis, rhythm and a memorable effect.
- Allusion: A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art, adding depth and enriching the text.
- Anaphora: Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of clauses or sentences, creating rhythm, emphasis and a persuasive effect.
- Antithesis: Two contrasting ideas placed side by side, highlighting their differences and creating a sense of balance.
- Apostrophe: Addressing an absent person, object, or concept as if it were present, creates a sense of intimacy and emotional intensity.
- Assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds within words, creating a smooth and musical effect.
- Asyndeton: The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses, creates a sense of urgency, speed, and informality.
- Chiasmus: A reversal of grammatical structure in successive clauses, adding a sense of balance and sophistication.
- Consonance: Repetition of consonant sounds within words, creating a pleasing effect on the reader.
- Euphemism: Using a mild or indirect expression for something unpleasant or offensive, softening the impact of the statement.
- Hyperbole: A deliberate exaggeration used to create an emphatic effect.
- Imagery: Language that appeals to the senses, creating a vivid and memorable experience through the reader's imagination.
- Irony: A contrast between what is said and what is meant, often humorous and thought-provoking.
- Juxtaposition: Placing two contrasting elements side by side, highlighting their differences and creating a sense of tension or surprise.
- Litotes: Understatement using double negatives or a negative statement to emphasize a positive quality, creating a subtle and ironic effect.
- Metaphor: A figure of speech that implies a comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as," enhancing the reader's understanding.
- Metonymy: A figure of speech where one word or phrase is substituted for another that's closely associated with it, evoking a specific image or meaning.
- Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the sounds they represent, creating a realistic and engaging effect for the reader.
- Oxymoron: A combination of two contradictory terms, creating a paradoxical and intriguing effect.
- Paradox: A seemingly contradictory statement that may be true, inviting readers to consider alternate perspectives.
- Personification: Giving human qualities to inanimate objects or abstract ideas, creating a sense of life and emotion.
- Polysyndeton: The use of many conjunctions in close succession, creating a sense of rhythm and emphasis.
- Pun: A play on words that creates humour or irony by using words with similar sounds but different meanings.
- Simile: A figure of speech that compares two unlike things using "like" or "as," creating a vivid image and enhancing understanding.
- Symbolism: The use of objects, people, or events to represent abstract ideas or concepts, adding depth and layers of meaning to the work.
- Synecdoche: A figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa, evoking a specific image or concept.
- Understatement: Presenting something as less important or significant than it actually is, often for ironic or humorous effect.
Narrative Techniques
- Allegory: A story with a symbolic meaning, creating another layer of meaning beyond the literal narrative.
- Anadiplosis: Repeating the last word of one clause or sentence at the beginning of the next, creating a flow and emphasizing the repeated word.
- Anthropomorphism: Giving human characteristics to animals or inanimate objects, creating a sense of relatability and exploring human themes through non-human characters.
- Colloquialism: Informal language characteristic of a particular region or group, making the dialogue sound realistic and authentic.
- Conceit: An elaborate metaphor that extends throughout the entire work, creating a complex and intellectually stimulating experience.
- Epistrophe: Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences, creating a sense of emphasis and rhythm.
- Epizeuxis: Repetition of a word or phrase in close succession, creating a sense of urgency, intensity, and emotional impact.
- Flashback: A scene that interrupts the present action to show an event that happened earlier, providing context and insight into character motivation.
- Foreshadowing: Providing hints or clues about future events in the story, building suspense and anticipation in the reader.
- Hubris: Excessive pride or arrogance that leads to a character's downfall, highlighting the danger of unchecked ambition.
- Idiom: A phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning, creating a familiar and colloquial tone.
- In medias res: Starting a story in the middle of the action, pulling the reader right into the heart of the narrative.
- Intertextuality: Reference to other works of literature, creating layers of meaning and enriching the text's depth.
- Malapropism: The misuse of a word for another that sounds similar, often creating humorous or ironic effects.
Narration
- Homodiegetic Narrator: A narrator who is also a character in the story, sharing their personal perspective on the events.
- Autodiegetic Narrator: A specific type of Homodiegetic narrator, focused on their own experiences and thoughts, often reflecting on their own past.
- Heterodiegetic Narrator: A narrator who is not a character in the story, providing an objective perspective on the events.
- Focalisation: The perspective from which the story is told. It can be internal (character's thoughts and feelings) or external (objective depiction of events).
- Unreliable Narrator: A narrator whose credibility is questionable, leaving the reader to question the truth or validity of the story.
- Direct Discourse: The exact words of the speaker, using quotation marks.
- Indirect Discourse: Reporting the speaker's words indirectly, without using quotation marks.
- Free Indirect Discourse: A blend of direct and indirect discourse, reflecting the character's thoughts and feelings without using quotation marks.
- Point of Attack: The point in the story where the narrative begins, setting the foundation for the unfolding events.
Plot
- Exposition: The beginning of the story, introducing the main characters, settings, and background information.
- Inciting Incident: The event that triggers the main conflict of the story, setting the plot in motion.
- Rising Action: The events that build tension and lead up to the climax, developing the conflict and suspense.
- Climax: The most intense and exciting point in the story, where the main conflict reaches its peak.
- Falling Action: The events that occur after the climax, resolving the conflict and leading to the resolution.
- Resolution: The conclusion of the story, providing closure and answering any remaining questions.
- Deus Ex Machina: An unexpected event that abruptly solves a difficult situation, often considered a plot device that lacks realistic resolution.
- Closed Ending: A clear and definitive ending where the conflict is resolved and all questions are answered.
- Open Ending: An ending where the plot is left unresolved, encouraging the reader to interpret and imagine what happens next.
### Character
- Major Characters: The central characters who drive the plot and are significant in the story's events.
- Minor Characters: Characters who play a supporting role, contributing to the overall narrative but not driving the main plot.
- Protagonist: The main character in the story, typically the one the audience identifies with.
- Antagonist: The character who opposes the protagonist, creating conflict and tension.
- Character Complexity: The degree to which characters are developed and multi-dimensional, with flaws and growth, making them believable and relatable.
- Explicit Characterisation: Direct descriptions of characters' traits and qualities, revealing information about their personality.
- Implicit Characterisation: Readers inferring a character's traits and qualities through their actions, speech, and interactions with others.
- Reliability of Characterisation: The consistency and trustworthiness of the information provided about characters, particularly the actions and motivations depicted.
Narrative Structure
- Narrative Past: The story is told from a past perspective, using past tense verbs, reflecting on events that have already occurred.
- ** Narrative Present:** The story is told as if it is happening in the present, using present tense verbs, creating a sense of immediacy.
- Narrative Tense Switch: Changing the tense of the narrative during the story, often used for dramatic effect or to create a shift in perspective.
Chronology
- Chronological: The story unfolds in the order of time, following a linear sequence of events.
- Anachronological: The story is told out of chronological order, using flashbacks or other devices to reveal events in a non-linear fashion.
- Prolepsis: A scene that interrupts the current action to show a future event, created suspense and anticipation.
Time
- Analepsis: A flashback, interrupting the narrative to reveal a past event.
- Point of Attack: The starting point of the narrative, determining where the story begins in relation to the overall events.
- Ab ovo: The story begins at the very beginning, including the character's birth or early life, providing full context.
- In medias res: The story begins in the middle of the action, pulling the reader into the events as they unfold.
- In ultimas res: The story begins at the end, revealing the outcome first and then narrating the preceding events.
Frequency
- Singulative: A single event is narrated once.
- Repetitive: An event is narrated multiple times, focusing on different aspects or perspectives.
- Iterative: An event is narrated as a repeated occurrence, showing a pattern or habit.
Sensory Language
- Synaesthesia: Mixing sensory details, describing one sense using terms associated with another, creating a unique and vivid experience for the reader.
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