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Questions and Answers
Which major genres of music did Haydn compose?
Which major genres of music did Haydn compose?
What financial strategy did Haydn employ during his career?
What financial strategy did Haydn employ during his career?
How many symphonies did Haydn compose?
How many symphonies did Haydn compose?
In what way did Haydn showcase generosity after Mozart's death?
In what way did Haydn showcase generosity after Mozart's death?
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What aspect of Haydn's life influenced his business acumen?
What aspect of Haydn's life influenced his business acumen?
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What significant change occurred in Haydn's career around 1779?
What significant change occurred in Haydn's career around 1779?
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Who was Haydn's notable patron who provided him with daily access to an orchestra?
Who was Haydn's notable patron who provided him with daily access to an orchestra?
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Which instrument's popularity influenced Haydn's production of around 200 works?
Which instrument's popularity influenced Haydn's production of around 200 works?
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What emotion did Haydn experience at Eszterháza despite his success?
What emotion did Haydn experience at Eszterháza despite his success?
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What led to the flourishing of Haydn's musical style after his marriage?
What led to the flourishing of Haydn's musical style after his marriage?
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What was Haydn's financial situation after Prince Nikolaus's death?
What was Haydn's financial situation after Prince Nikolaus's death?
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Which genre did Haydn begin producing after his time focused on the baryton?
Which genre did Haydn begin producing after his time focused on the baryton?
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Who succeeded Prince Nikolaus and maintained a relationship with Haydn?
Who succeeded Prince Nikolaus and maintained a relationship with Haydn?
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What role did Haydn take up when he became employed by Count Morzin?
What role did Haydn take up when he became employed by Count Morzin?
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What did Haydn study diligently during his early career?
What did Haydn study diligently during his early career?
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Which composer did Haydn draw inspiration from when composing his first opera?
Which composer did Haydn draw inspiration from when composing his first opera?
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In which year did Johann Haydn work under Count Morzin?
In which year did Johann Haydn work under Count Morzin?
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What was one of Haydn's roles while he was transitioning into freelance work?
What was one of Haydn's roles while he was transitioning into freelance work?
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Who was Haydn's mentor during his early years in Vienna?
Who was Haydn's mentor during his early years in Vienna?
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What type of musical compositions did Haydn create during his time with Count Morzin?
What type of musical compositions did Haydn create during his time with Count Morzin?
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What could have contributed to Haydn's early career success in music?
What could have contributed to Haydn's early career success in music?
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What was Franz Joseph Haydn often regarded as in the realm of classical music?
What was Franz Joseph Haydn often regarded as in the realm of classical music?
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At what age was Haydn apprenticed to Johann Matthias Frankh for formal musical education?
At what age was Haydn apprenticed to Johann Matthias Frankh for formal musical education?
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Which of the following statements best describes Haydn's early life?
Which of the following statements best describes Haydn's early life?
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What instrument was Haydn initially taught to play by his father?
What instrument was Haydn initially taught to play by his father?
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Who discovered Haydn and played a significant role in his early music career?
Who discovered Haydn and played a significant role in his early music career?
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What characterized Haydn's approach to music as described in the content?
What characterized Haydn's approach to music as described in the content?
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During his time at St. Stephen's Cathedral, what was one of the challenges Haydn faced?
During his time at St. Stephen's Cathedral, what was one of the challenges Haydn faced?
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How did Haydn's journey impact his career?
How did Haydn's journey impact his career?
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What year did Haydn move to Vienna to join St. Stephen's Cathedral?
What year did Haydn move to Vienna to join St. Stephen's Cathedral?
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What significant role did Haydn play in the evolution of sonata form?
What significant role did Haydn play in the evolution of sonata form?
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Which musical element is Haydn known for integrating into the classical style?
Which musical element is Haydn known for integrating into the classical style?
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What is a defining characteristic of Haydn's musical humor?
What is a defining characteristic of Haydn's musical humor?
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In what way did Haydn showcase mastery in his compositions?
In what way did Haydn showcase mastery in his compositions?
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Which form did Haydn pioneer that involved variations on two alternating themes?
Which form did Haydn pioneer that involved variations on two alternating themes?
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How did Haydn's approach to thematic development differ from his contemporaries?
How did Haydn's approach to thematic development differ from his contemporaries?
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What was a notable aspect of Haydn's role as Kapellmeister for the Esterházys?
What was a notable aspect of Haydn's role as Kapellmeister for the Esterházys?
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Study Notes
Franz Joseph Haydn
- Austrian composer who transitioned from the traditional patronage system of the late Austrian Baroque to the burgeoning Romanticism of the early 19th century
- Often considered the 'father of the symphony' and known for his string quartets
Haydn's Musical Journey
- Haydn began his musical journey in humble surroundings, receiving no formal musical education from his parents
- At age six, he was apprenticed to Johann Matthias Frankh, a relative who was a schoolmaster and choirmaster - this marked a significant turning point as he left his family behind to pursue formal musical education
- Despite initial hardships, Haydn quickly excelled under Frankh's guidance, mastering both the harpsichord and violin
- Haydn's musical talents were recognized, leading to his discovery by Georg Reutter the Younger, director of music at Vienna
- In 1740, Haydn moved to Vienna to join St. Stephen's Cathedral as a chorister under Reutter's direction
- During his nine years at St. Stephen's, Haydn received instruction in music, Latin, other academic subjects, voice, violin, and keyboard
- Haydn's inability to sing high choral parts led to his dismissal in 1749
- He sought refuge with Johann Michael Spangler, sharing a garret room and working as a music teacher, street serenader, and valet-accompanist for composer Nicola Porpora
- Haydn gained recognition composing his first opera, 'Der krumme Teufel,' (The Crooked Devil) for actor Joseph Felix von Kurz
- His growing reputation attracted aristocratic patronage from figures such as Countess Thun and Baron Carl Josef Fürnberg
- Count Morzin became Haydn's first full-time employer in 1757, providing him with a salary of 200 florins annually
- Haydn became Vice-Kapellmeister under Count Morzin, overseeing the majority of the musical establishment, which included composition, orchestra management, chamber music, and opera productions
- Haydn's marriage to Maria Anna Theresia Keller in 1760 ended unhappily, but he found new opportunities when Prince Paul Anton offered him a similar position, after Count Morzin dismissed him
- Prince Nikolaus Esterházy, a discerning musical patron, supported Haydn's creativity by granting him daily access to his orchestra
- In 1779, Haydn's contract was renegotiated, giving him the freedom to write for others and sell his work to publishers, prompting a significant shift towards quartets and symphonies
- Prince Nikolaus's adoption of the baryton in 1765 influenced Haydn to produce around 200 works for the instrument, before shifting to opera productions in 1775
- Despite feelings of isolation at Eszterháza, Haydn maintained close friendships, notably with Maria Anna von Genzinger, the wife of Prince Nikolaus's personal physician in Vienna
- In 1790, Prince Nikolaus died, and his son Anton succeeded him as prince
- Haydn retained a nominal appointment with Prince Anton, but received a reduced salary and pension
- German violinist Johann Peter Salomon offered Haydn a lucrative opportunity to visit England and conduct new symphonies with a large orchestra
- Haydn's journey to England proved successful, significantly enhancing his fame and generating substantial profits
- After Prince Anton's death in 1795, Haydn returned to Vienna as Kapellmeister, serving part-time with the Esterházy musical establishment
- During this period, Haydn composed six masses for the Esterházys and emerged as a prominent public figure in Vienna
Haydn's Musical Style
- Known for innovative development of larger structures from short motifs and accompanying figures
- Characterized by monothematic exposition and recapitulation sections, and extensive thematic development
- Integrated fugue into the classical style, enhanced rondo form with tonal logic and pioneered double variation form
- His music exhibits rhythmically propulsive fast movements and emotionally resonant slow movements, showcasing his mastery of both energy and depth in musical expression
- He was known for his humor, exemplified by surprises like sudden loud chords and false endings
- Haydn's music reflected his balanced personality, crafted to delight his patron prince
Haydn's Genres and Compositions
- Composed music in all major genres of sacred and secular music, but most widely regarded for his symphonies and string quartets
- Wrote 107 symphonies, 83 string quartets, 45 piano trios, 62 piano sonatas, 14 masses and 26 operas
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