Viscosity, cohesive etc

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Questions and Answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the high viscosity observed in substances like honey compared to water?

  • Smaller molecule size
  • Weaker intermolecular forces
  • Larger molecule size and stronger intermolecular forces (correct)
  • Lower temperature

How does an increase in temperature typically affect a liquid's viscosity, and why?

  • Does not affect viscosity
  • Decreases viscosity by weakening intermolecular forces (correct)
  • Increases viscosity by increasing kinetic energy
  • Increases viscosity by strengthening intermolecular forces

What is the primary reason water forms a spherical shape on a non-polar surface?

  • To decrease the adhesive forces with the surface
  • To increase the polarity of the water molecules
  • To increase its surface area
  • To maximize cohesive forces and minimize surface area (correct)

When water is placed in a glass tube, a concave meniscus forms. What force is responsible for this?

<p>Stronger adhesive forces between water molecules and the glass than cohesive forces between water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes surface tension?

<p>The energy required to increase a liquid's surface area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of water allows insects to float on its surface, even though they are denser than water?

<p>High surface tension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In capillary action, what property of paper towels facilitates the upward movement of water?

<p>Cellulose containing hydroxyl groups that attract water molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the properties of liquids, which of the scenarios will result in a higher liquid rise in a capillary tube?

<p>Decreasing the tube radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would result in a liquid exhibiting higher viscosity?

<p>Decreased temperature and larger molecular size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies capillary action's importance in biological systems?

<p>Plants transporting water and nutrients from their roots to the rest of the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cohesive forces affect the behavior of molecules at the surface of a liquid differently from those in the bulk of the liquid?

<p>Surface molecules experience fewer cohesive forces, causing liquids to minimize surface area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for the difference in meniscus formation between water and mercury in glass tubes?

<p>Water has stronger adhesive forces with glass, resulting in a concave meniscus, while mercury's stronger cohesive forces lead to a convex meniscus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a liquid has strong intermolecular attractions, which of the following property would it MOST likely exhibit?

<p>High surface tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming all other factors are kept constant, how does a change in molecular size influence a liquid's viscosity?

<p>Smaller molecules decrease viscosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist observes that a particular liquid spreads out significantly when placed on a glass surface. What property of the liquid explains this observation?

<p>High adhesive forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is comparing the viscosity of two liquids at the same temperature. Liquid A flows more quickly than Liquid B. Which inference can they accurately make?

<p>Liquid A has a lower viscosity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjustments would increase the height of capillary rise in a glass tube?

<p>Using a narrower tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cohesive forces contribute to the formation of spherical droplets?

<p>Cohesive forces minimize the surface area by pulling molecules inward. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does mercury form a convex meniscus when placed in a glass tube?

<p>Because mercury's cohesive forces are stronger than its adhesive forces to glass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjustments would reduce the surface tension of water?

<p>Increasing the temperature of the water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Viscosity

Resistance of a liquid to flow.

Cohesive Forces

Attraction between molecules of the same substance within a liquid.

Adhesive Forces

Attraction between molecules of a liquid and a solid surface.

Meniscus

The curved surface of a liquid in a tube.

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Meniscus Shape (Concave vs. Convex)

Concave: Water attracted to glass. Convex: Mercury's cohesive forces.

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Surface Tension

Energy required to increase a liquid's surface area.

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Capillary Action

Liquid's ability to flow in narrow spaces due to attraction.

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Water's Viscosity

Water has low viscosity due to its small molecular size.

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Viscosity and Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces increase, viscosity increases.

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Temperature and Viscosity

Higher temperatures reduce viscosity.

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Water Droplet Shape

Water minimizes surface area to maximize hydrogen bonds.

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Capillary Tube Diameter

The narrower the tube, the higher the liquid rises.

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Water on Polar Surfaces

Water spreads to maximize interactions with polar surfaces.

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Study Notes

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