Zoology Classification and Taxonomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The earliest name should be used. It is the law of ______?

priority

One particular name can be used only for one taxon. What does it mean?

No homonymia

Binomial system is based on?

two names

Classification of organisms on the basis of their overall similarity is?

<p>phenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whittaker recommended ______ kingdoms?

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geographical isolation; they should have morphological differences but can still exchange genes when they meet and mate. What term is used for this?

<p>subspecies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modern science of classification is called?

<p>biosystematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order does the genus Trypanosoma belong to?

<p>Kinetoplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order does the genus Leishmania belong to?

<p>Kinetoplastida</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order does the genus Giardia belong to?

<p>Diplomonadida</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Trichomonas sp. not have a cyst?

<p>Trichonomas sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species has a cyst?

<p>Giardia sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most important genus of coccidia without cyst formation?

<p>Eimeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genus belongs to cystogenic coccidia?

<p>Toxoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most important genus of hemosporinids?

<p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most important genus of piroplasms?

<p>Babesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is the most closely related to cnidarians?

<p>Myxozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which class is the medusa stage absent?

<p>Anthozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which class is the polyp stage sometimes absent?

<p>Hydrozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which class is the budding of the polyp stage terminal?

<p>Scyphozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of species in phylum Platyhelminthes?

<p>25000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do flatworms belong to?

<p>Bilateria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of gut to cestodes have?

<p>No gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does coracidium develop?

<p>In exterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which category is the six-hooked oncosphere the first stage larva?

<p>Order cyclophyllidea</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ovaries does an adult Taenia usually have?

<p>Hundreds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Males of which group have always a copulatory bursa?

<p>Strongylida</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many described species do nematodes have?

<p>20000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of nematodes significant from the veterinary point of view?

<p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

Into which category does the largest species of the following groups belong to?

<p>Cestode</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be found in the buccal capsule of nematodes?

<p>Tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does Lumbricus terrestris belong to?

<p>Subclass Oligochaeta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of Lumbricus terrestris?

<p>External fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Law of Priority

The earliest name given to a taxon takes precedence, even if other names have been used since. This ensures a consistent and stable naming system in biology.

No Homonymia

A single scientific name can be used for only one group of organisms (taxon) to avoid confusion and ensure clarity in classification.

Binomial System

The two-part naming system used to classify organisms, consisting of the genus and species names (e.g., Homo sapiens).

Phenetics

A system of classifying organisms based on their overall similarity, considering a wide range of shared physical traits.

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Subspecies

Populations within a species that are geographically isolated and display distinct morphological differences, maintaining the ability to interbreed if they come into contact.

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Biosystematics

The modern scientific discipline of classification, combining evolutionary relationships, genetic data, and morphology to understand and organize life forms.

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Trichomonas sp.

A group of organisms that have lost the ability to form a cyst, a dormant stage that helps survive harsh conditions.

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Giardia sp.

Parasitic protozoans that belong to the genus Giardia. They are typically found in the intestines of animals and humans, and they form cysts to survive outside the host.

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Eimeria

A type of parasitic protozoan that lacks cyst formation and causes diseases in various animals, particularly chickens and other poultry.

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Toxoplasma

A genus of parasitic protozoans that can form cysts and infect various animals, including humans. These parasites often cause toxoplasmosis.

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Plasmodium

One of the most important groups of parasitic protozoans that cause malaria, a serious disease in humans and animals.

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Babesia

Parasitic protozoans that infect red blood cells of animals, causing diseases like babesiosis in cattle and other mammals.

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Anthozoa

The class of cnidarians that lack a medusa stage in their life cycle, consisting entirely of polyp forms. They include corals, sea anemones, and sea pens.

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Hydrozoa

The class of cnidarians where the polyp stage is sometimes absent or reduced, and the medusa stage is dominant. This group includes hydras, jellyfish, and Portuguese man-of-war.

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Scyphozoa

The class of cnidarians where the polyp stage is the dominant form and the medusa stage is smaller and develops through terminal budding. They include true jellyfish, like moon jellyfish.

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Flatworms

A group of parasitic worms that are typically flat and lack a body cavity. They include tapeworms and flukes.

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Cestodes

The class of flatworms that are parasitic and lack a digestive system, absorbing nutrients directly from their host's intestines. Examples include tapeworms.

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Trematodes

The class of flatworms that are parasitic and have a branched digestive system with a single opening. Examples include flukes.

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Six-hooked oncosphere

A larva stage in the life cycle of certain tapeworms, characterized by having six hooks. It develops outside the host and is typically found in water or soil.

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Pseudocoelom

The class of animals characterized by having a pseudocoelom, a body cavity that is not fully lined with mesoderm. This group includes rotifers, nematodes, and acanthocephalans.

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Strongylida

The order of nematodes that are characterized by having a copulatory bursa, a sac-like structure used for mating, in the males.

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Lumbricus terrestris

Worms that belong to the phylum Annelida, particularly the subclass Oligochaeta, which is characterized by having few bristles or setae. A well-known example is the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.

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Prochordata

Animals that belong to the phylum Chordata but lack a vertebral column, such as tunicates and sea squirts.

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Stomochord

A flexible rod-like structure found in the dorsal region of the body in some invertebrate animals, such as hemichordates. It serves as a support structure and aids in movement.

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Hagfish

A type of fish that lacks a jaw and possesses a cartilaginous skeleton. Hagfish are known for their slime production and unique feeding habits.

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Lampreys

A type of fish that lacks a jaw and possesses a cartilaginous skeleton. Lampreys are known for their parasitic feeding habits, attaching to other fish to extract blood and body fluids.

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Pelvic fin

The pelvic fin is a pair of fins located on the ventral side of the body in fish, often used for stability and maneuvering during swimming. In some species, it has evolved into limbs for walking.

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Placoid scales

A type of scale found in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays. These scales are tooth-like and embed in the skin, providing protection and reducing friction.

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Actinopterygii

The approximate number of species in the class Actinopterygii, which includes ray-finned fish. This group represents the majority of modern fish species.

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Cyprinus carpio

A bony fish that does not drink water, instead absorbing water through its gills and skin. These fish have adapted to freshwater environments and tend to have a lower metabolic rate.

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Appearance of fetal membranes

Reptiles possess amnionic eggs, which allow for reproduction on land and provide a protective environment for the developing embryo. This feature marked a key evolutionary step for terrestrial vertebrates.

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Reptilian body covering

The skin of reptiles is typically covered by scales that protect the body and prevent water loss. These scales are made of keratin, similar to the material in human hair and nails.

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Diapsid skull

The skull of existing squamous reptiles is characterized by having two temporal openings, called fenestrae, on each side. These openings help accommodate muscles for more powerful jaw movements.

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Cloaca of birds

The cloaca in birds serves as a common opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, allowing for efficient excretion and reproduction.

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Aortic arch in mammals

Mammals, in contrast to other vertebrates, have a left aortic arch, which is connected to the heart and distributes oxygenated blood throughout the body.

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Rodents

Rodents are characterized by having a pair of constantly growing incisors, which are used for gnawing on various materials. This trait is important for their feeding habits and contributes to their success as a group.

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Caecotrophy

The process by which an organism consumes its own feces to extract additional nutrients, particularly from the cecum, where bacterial fermentation occurs. This is particularly common in herbivores.

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Pheromones

Pheromones are chemical signals used for communication between individuals of the same species. They play a crucial role in various social behaviors, such as mating, territoriality, and alarm signaling.

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Holometamorphosis

The complete metamorphosis of insects involves four distinct life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. During the larval stage, insects consume and grow, and the pupa stage is characterized by inactivity and transformation into the adult form.

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Ticks

Ticks are members of the class Arachnida, characterized by eight legs, a body divided into two parts (cephalothorax and abdomen), and mouthparts adapted for feeding on blood. They are notorious for transmitting diseases to animals and humans.

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Psoroptidae

The family Psoroptidae includes mites that are non-burrowing, meaning they live on the surface of their hosts, typically feeding on skin debris and secretions. Examples include sheep scab mite.

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Ctenocephalides felis

The scientific name for the common flea species that infests cats and dogs. Fleas are parasitic insects that feed on blood, often causing allergic reactions and transmitting diseases.

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Hymenoptera

The order Hymenoptera includes a wide range of insects, including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies. They are characterized by having four wings and a stinger, often playing a significant role in pollination and social organization.

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Blackflies

Blackflies are small flies that belong to the family Simuliidae. They are known for their painful bites, which can cause allergic reactions and transmit diseases in some cases.

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Life cycle of lice

The life cycle of lice involves three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. The egg stage, also known as a nit, is usually attached to the host's hair or feathers. Lice are obligate blood-feeders and can cause itching and irritation.

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Melophagus ovinus

The sheed ked is a type of fly belonging to the family Hippoboscidae. It is an obligate ectoparasite of sheep, feeding on their blood. The sheed ked has a unique life cycle with a single larval stage that develops within the female fly.

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Copepods

Copepods are a group of crustaceans that play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems. They are often found in freshwater and saltwater environments, serving as important food sources for fish and other larger animals.

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Decapoda

Decapoda is an order of crustaceans that includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and crayfish. They are characterized by having ten legs, a prominent cephalothorax (fused head and thorax), and a pair of antennae.

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Crabs

Crabs are a group of crustaceans that belong to the order Decapoda. They typically have broad, flattened bodies and a pair of prominent claws. Crabs live in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments.

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Study Notes

Zoology Questions - Summary

  • Correctly written term: Earliest name should be used, this is the Law of Priority.
  • Homonymia: A single name cannot be used for 2 different taxa.
  • Binomial System Classification: Organism classification based on overall similarity.
  • Whittaker's Classification: Recommended 5 Kingdoms for organisms.
  • Geographic Isolation: Morphological differences can exist even if species can exchange genes.
  • Biosystematics: Term for modern science of classification.
  • Taxonomic categories (incorrect): "Breed" is not a taxonomic category.
  • Order and Genus Belonging:
    • Trypanosoma belongs to Kinetoplastida
    • Leishmania belongs to Kinetoplastida
    • Giardia belongs to Diplomonadida
    • Eimeria belongs to none of those listed. (No correct order given)

Zoology Questions (continued)

  • Reasons for no cyst formation in Coccidia: Eimeria species do not form cysts.
  • Cyst-forming genus: Giardia species form cysts.
  • Important coccidia genera: Eimeria, is most important without cyst formation.
  • Cystogenic coccidia genus: Toxoplasma
  • Important hemosporinids genus: Plasmodium
  • Important piroplasms genus: Babesia
  • Medusa Stage Absent Class: Anthozoa
  • Polyp Stage Absent Class: Hydrozoa

Zoology Questions - Additional Topics

  • Phylum Platyhelminthes Species: Approximately 25,000 species.
  • Flatworm Category: Bilateria
  • Cestode Gut: No gut
  • Trematode Gut: Two-branched (blind-ending)
  • Location of Coracidium Development: External
  • Ovaries in Adult Tapeworms: Hundreds
  • Pseudocoelomates: Rotatoria, Nematoda, Acanthocephala
  • Copulatory Bursa Males: Strongylida
  • Nematospecies Count: Approximately 20,000 described species.
  • Veterinary Important Nematodes: About 200 significant species.

Zoology Questions - More Additional Topics

  • Blood-Sucking Arthropod Vectors: Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma develop in these.
  • Myxozoa Relatedness: Closest group to cnidarians.
  • Reptilian Species Count: Approximately 6,400 species
  • Reptilian Embryonic Feature: Appearance of fetal membranes is the earliest feature in class Reptilia.
  • Reptilian Skull Type: Some reptiles have diapsid skulls.
  • Reptilian Function: Testudo may use their cloaca for drinking, but the cloaca is in reptiles for other purposes.
  • Birds Species Count: Approximately 9700 species.
  • Avian Order with Variations: Anseriformes may exhibit unusual features like lymph nodes, copulatory organs.
  • Mammal Species Count: Approximately 4,600 total mammalian species.
  • Mammalian Orders, Species, and Features: -Rodentia: Largest number of species and individuals. -Lagomorphs/Rodents: Often exhibit caecotrophy.
    • Caecotrophy: Eating feces.

Zoology Questions - Further Topics

  • Selection Types: The three kinds of selection are not specifically listed.
  • Mechanism of Heritability: Lamarck (proposed acquired traits were inherited), but it's not a currently accepted theory.
  • Physiological/Behavioral Features: Phylum or Class is not stated.
  • Habitat: Physical place where an organism lives.
  • Fundamental Niche: Potential environment.
  • Realized Niche: Actual environment.
  • Ecological Relationships: Predator-Prey, Competition (competitive exclusion).
  • Population Ecology Concepts: Cost-benefit analysis (related to organismal life strategy), R-selected species.
  • Biological Elements Recycling: Usually decomposers recycle elements.
  • Behavior/Behavior Ecology: Innate versus learned behaviors, fixed-action patterns, cooperative behaviors, mating rituals.
  • Selection pressures: Environment.

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