Zoology and Botany Overview

Zoology

• Definition: Study of animals and their biological processes.
• Branches:
  • Marine Biology: Study of oceanic organisms.
  • Entomology: Study of insects.
  • Ornithology: Study of birds.
  • Herpetology: Study of reptiles and amphibians.
• Key Concepts:
  • Taxonomy: Classification of animals using hierarchies (kingdom, phylum, class, etc.).
  • Anatomy: Structure of animal bodies.
  • Physiology: Functions of animal systems (e.g., circulatory, respiratory).
  • Ecology: Interactions of animals with their environment.

Botany

• Definition: Study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, and classification.
• Branches:
  • Plant Physiology: Functions and processes of plants (photosynthesis, respiration).
  • Plant Taxonomy: Classification of plants.
  • Ethnobotany: Study of how people use plants.
  • Paleobotany: Study of fossil plants.
• Key Concepts:
  • Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
  • Plant Anatomy: Study of plant structures (roots, stems, leaves).
  • Plant Reproduction: Sexual (seeds, flowers) and asexual (cuttings, tubers) methods.
  • Ecology: Plant interactions within ecosystems.

Chemistry

• Definition: Study of matter, its properties, composition, and the changes it undergoes.
• Branches:
  • Organic Chemistry: Study of carbon-containing compounds.
  • Inorganic Chemistry: Study of inorganic compounds.
  • Physical Chemistry: Study of the physical properties of molecules.
  • Analytical Chemistry: Techniques to analyze material composition.
• Key Concepts:
  • Atoms and Molecules: Basic units of matter; atoms combine to form molecules.
  • Chemical Reactions: Processes that involve the rearrangement of atoms (reactants to products).
  • Periodic Table: Organization of elements based on atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring properties.
  • pH Scale: Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution; scale ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic).

Zoology

• The study of animals and their biological processes
• Marine Biology focuses on oceanic organisms
• Entomology deals with insects
• Ornithology is the study of birds
• Herpetology focuses on reptiles and amphibians
• Taxonomy classifies animals using hierarchies like kingdom, phylum, class, etc.
• Anatomy investigates the structure of animal bodies
• Physiology explores the functions of animal systems, such as circulatory and respiratory systems
• Ecology examines the interactions of animals within their environment

Botany

• The study of plants, encompassing their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, and classification
• Plant Physiology investigates the functions and processes of plants, including photosynthesis and respiration
• Plant Taxonomy classifies different plant species
• Ethnobotany explores how people utilize plants
• Paleobotany focuses on the study of fossil plants
• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• Plant Anatomy examines plant structures like roots, stems, and leaves
• Plant Reproduction includes both sexual methods (seeds, flowers) and asexual methods (cuttings, tubers)
• Ecology focuses on the interactions of plants within ecosystems

Chemistry

• The study of matter, its properties, composition, and the changes it undergoes.
• Organic Chemistry studies compounds containing carbon
• Inorganic Chemistry studies compounds that do not contain carbon
• Physical Chemistry investigates the physical properties of molecules
• Analytical Chemistry develops techniques to analyze material composition
• Atoms and Molecules are the fundamental units of matter; atoms combine to form molecules
• Chemical Reactions involve rearranging atoms, transforming reactants into products
• Periodic Table organizes elements based on atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring properties
• pH Scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic)