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Questions and Answers

What is recognized as a core issue in object relations theories?

  • Separation-individuation (correct)
  • Satisfaction of the id
  • Development of ego bonds to external objects (correct)
  • Focus on the id

    • According to Robert White, what is the primary motive that evolves into competence motivation during early childhood?

  • Ego control
  • Effectance motivation (correct)
  • Separation-individuation
  • Superiority striving

    • What term did Heinz Kohut coin to refer to someone who helps satisfy self-centered needs?

  • Selfobject (correct)
  • Narcissist
  • Mirroring
  • Empathizer

    • Which of the following statements about attachment theory is true?

    <p>John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist who emphasized the importance of a secure base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main patterns of infant attachment identified in the strange situation procedure?

    <p>Secure, ambivalent, avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is characteristic of the Avoidant attachment pattern at 1 year of age?

    <p>Actively avoids and ignores the returning parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attachment pattern is associated with higher levels of trust in romantic relationships?

    <p>Secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991), what are the two dimensions they argue for in adult attachment models?

    <p>Anxiety and Avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between the self-report measures and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in measuring adult attachment?

    <p>Self-report measures are linked to relationship quality under high stress conditions, while AAI is linked regardless of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does attachment stability vary over time and among individuals, according to research?

    <p>Yes, while there is evidence of stability, some individuals may experience changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Fraley (2002) conclude about attachment patterns?

    <p>A prototype for close relations arises in infancy and persists over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hazan and Shaver's research, how do avoidant individuals typically cope with anxiety during stressful situations?

    <p>They reduce contact and seek to avoid interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment style is associated with being introverted according to the connection with the five-factor model?

    <p>Avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of childhood adversity on personality traits?

    <p>Higher neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Freud's and Erikson's theories of development?

    <p>Erikson's theory encompasses a life-span approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central theme of Erikson's theory?

    <p>Ego identity and its development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary conflict during the infancy stage according to Erikson?

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main crisis of the early childhood stage according to Erikson?

    <p>Gaining control over bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conflict identified by Erikson during the preschool period?

    <p>Initiative versus guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conflict experienced by children during Freud's latency period, according to Erikson?

    <p>Industry versus inferiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary crisis during adolescence according to Erikson?

    <p>Identity versus role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical task did Erik Erikson believe was essential for growing up?

    <p>Achieving a sense of identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson's theory, what is the conflict in the stage of young adulthood?

    <p>Desire for intimacy versus isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central conflict of adulthood according to Erikson's psychosocial stages?

    <p>Generativity versus stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of old age, what term describes the crisis of evaluating one's life choices and their meanings?

    <p>Ego Integrity versus Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Epigenetic Principle suggest about crises in Erikson's theory?

    <p>Crises are influenced by earlier outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dan McAdams, what are 'commitment stories' characterized by?

    <p>Establishing a personal belief system with prosocial values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental theme in Erikson's theory that reflects the first crisis?

    <p>Basic trust versus basic mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding object relations and attachment assessment is true?

    <p>The open-ended measure by Blatt et al. (1979) assesses maturity in perceptions of social relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using play in child assessment according to the psychosocial view?

    <p>To allow children to express their feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about narcissism as a disorder is true?

    <p>Narcissists often exploit others and show a sense of entitlement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible consequence of having an avoidant attachment pattern according to the research mentioned?

    <p>Greater emotional distress under stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is associated with the development of play therapy techniques for children?

    <p>Erik Erikson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main strength of psychosocial theories compared to other viewpoints?

    <p>They emphasize human relationships as central to personality development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial theory emphasizes that a child's sense of self develops through mirroring from selfobjects?

    <p>Kohut's self psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

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