Untitled Quiz

A basic unit of plant structure and function, containing a nucleus, cytoplasm, and subcellular organelles, enclosed in a membrane.

Layers surrounding plant cells providing structural support and preventing cell migration. Made of primary and secondary walls.

Thin, flexible cell wall present in young, growing plant cells.

Thick, strong cell wall of mature cells, often containing lignin for extra strength.

A brittle, glue-like material that provides strength to secondary cell walls.

A less advanced type of seed plant, lacking flowers.

A more advanced type of seed plant, characterized by flowers.

Dermal, ground, and vascular tissues working together in plant organs.

The plant cell wall provides structural support, holds cells together, and regulates cell growth and water relations.

The cell wall's strength enables plant structures to grow tall and prevents cells from shifting.

The cell wall controls cell shape and allows for high turgor pressure, which is crucial for plant growth.

Plant form development is primarily controlled by the properties of the cell wall.

The cell wall impacts water uptake and retention by plants as it defines the connection between turgor pressure and cell volume.

The cell wall's strength in the xylem is vital for preventing water flow collapse.

The cell wall acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of large molecules to the plasma membrane.

A substantial portion of the photosynthetic carbon is directed towards wall polysaccharides.

The force required to break water menisci formed between solid particles (like soil particles), influenced by the distance between particles, and the soil type. It is significant for plant water uptake.

Absorption of water mostly happens in the root hairs at the tip of roots, which are projections of the epidermal cells, increasing water surface area.

Projections of epidermal cells on young roots; crucial for water absorption from soil; highly permeable.

Part of a young root where root hairs are located.

Forces of attraction between water molecules and soil particles.

Curved surfaces of water formed in the spaces between soil particles. Strong matrix potentials are hard to break

The way plants acquire and utilize water – greatly influenced by matrix potential. It helps extract water from the soil during dry conditions.

The effect of gravity on water movement in tall trees. Usually minor.

The upward movement of water in xylem vessels, thought to be similar to water rising in a capillary tube due to forces between the water and the tube's sides.

A theory explaining the upward movement of water in plants, driven by water evaporation from leaves and the cohesive forces between water molecules.

The strong attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding, forming a continuous water column.

The loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata.

The theory explaining water movement in plants, originally proposed by Dixon and Jolly and later supported.

Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in a molecule and a highly electronegative atom of another.

The upward movement of water and dissolved minerals through the xylem tissue of plants.

Long tubes in plants that carry water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Gentle wind increases transpiration by removing moisture near the plant, allowing water vapor to diffuse out. Strong wind decreases transpiration by hindering water vapor diffusion and potentially closing stomata.

Internal plant nutrient deficiency not outwardly apparent, affecting plant activities.

Element crucial for a plant's life, playing roles in nutrition, catalysis, or maintaining cell balance.

Light increases transpiration rate because stomata open in light, increasing temperature also aiding in transpiration and facilitating outward diffusion of water vapor. In dark, stomata close, reducing or stopping transpiration.

Rules needed to determine if an element is truly essential to plant growth, not simply replacing a function.

Insufficient soil water reduces the rate of transpiration, as plants struggle to absorb sufficient water for transpiration, thus slowing down the whole process.

High CO2 levels in the atmosphere, especially inside the plant's leaves, lead to stomata closure, thus decreasing the transpiration rate.

Three criteria for determining plant mineral essentiality: essential for growth, irreplaceable, and direct function.

Low water levels in a plant lead to a decrease in transpiration. Excessive transpiration over time leads to water deficits within the plant because the water absorption rate can't keep pace.

Element performing a role in plant metabolism, might not be essential (e.g., chlorine or bromine).

Essential plant nutrients needed in very small amounts, often difficult to demonstrate their essentiality.

Stomata number, size, and location affect transpiration rate. Sunken stomata(in certain plants) reduce transpiration, while reduced leaf size in certain drought-tolerant plants limits water loss.

An element's role in plant structure by becoming part of key compounds.

Plant stomata typically close in the dark, significantly reducing stomatal transpiration.

The rate at which water is lost from a plant through transpiration.

Element acting as an enzyme or part of an enzyme to speed up important plant chemical reactions.