Podcast
Questions and Answers
What level of asepsis is required for procedures that do not break the skin?
What level of asepsis is required for procedures that do not break the skin?
- Asepsis, minimizing the presence of disease-producing organisms. (correct)
- Sanitization, reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level.
- Disinfection, targeting specific pathogens rather than all microorganisms.
- Sterility, ensuring complete elimination of all microorganisms.
Which of the following best describes the primary goal of sterility?
Which of the following best describes the primary goal of sterility?
- Destroying all forms of microorganisms. (correct)
- Eliminating all disease-producing organisms on a surface.
- Reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level.
- Inhibiting the growth of bacteria without necessarily killing them.
In which situation is achieving sterility most crucial?
In which situation is achieving sterility most crucial?
- Disinfecting a stethoscope after use.
- Cleaning a non-critical surface like a countertop.
- Washing hands before a non-surgical examination.
- Preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection. (correct)
Why is maintaining a sterile field considered 'very difficult'?
Why is maintaining a sterile field considered 'very difficult'?
If a non-sterile object comes into brief contact with a sterile field, what action should be taken?
If a non-sterile object comes into brief contact with a sterile field, what action should be taken?
In a scenario where a surgical instrument needs to be free of all microorganisms, which process is most appropriate?
In a scenario where a surgical instrument needs to be free of all microorganisms, which process is most appropriate?
A nurse is preparing a patient's skin for an injection. Which of the following techniques are they employing?
A nurse is preparing a patient's skin for an injection. Which of the following techniques are they employing?
What is the key difference between asepsis and sterility in healthcare settings?
What is the key difference between asepsis and sterility in healthcare settings?
Under what condition is co-horting permissible when using contact precautions?
Under what condition is co-horting permissible when using contact precautions?
What is the recommended respiratory protection for healthcare staff when caring for patients under droplet precautions?
What is the recommended respiratory protection for healthcare staff when caring for patients under droplet precautions?
A patient with confirmed measles needs to be transported to radiology. What specific respiratory protection should the patient wear during transport?
A patient with confirmed measles needs to be transported to radiology. What specific respiratory protection should the patient wear during transport?
When are gloves and gowns required under contact precautions?
When are gloves and gowns required under contact precautions?
What is the primary environmental control measure for airborne precautions that differentiates it from droplet and contact precautions?
What is the primary environmental control measure for airborne precautions that differentiates it from droplet and contact precautions?
Under which type of transmission-based precaution is it necessary for a patient to wear a surgical mask during transport?
Under which type of transmission-based precaution is it necessary for a patient to wear a surgical mask during transport?
Which of the following scenarios necessitates the use of a NIOSH N-95 mask by healthcare providers?
Which of the following scenarios necessitates the use of a NIOSH N-95 mask by healthcare providers?
What is the key consideration when transporting a patient who is under contact precautions?
What is the key consideration when transporting a patient who is under contact precautions?
Which of the following actions best demonstrates the combination of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation as integrated into Standard Precautions?
Which of the following actions best demonstrates the combination of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation as integrated into Standard Precautions?
In which scenario is a 5-minute scrub with soap and water the MOST appropriate hand hygiene practice?
In which scenario is a 5-minute scrub with soap and water the MOST appropriate hand hygiene practice?
An emergency department nurse is about to insert an IV line into a patient. According to standard precautions, what is the MINIMUM length of time the nurse should scrub their hands if using soap and water?
An emergency department nurse is about to insert an IV line into a patient. According to standard precautions, what is the MINIMUM length of time the nurse should scrub their hands if using soap and water?
A healthcare worker is preparing to administer an injection. After washing their hands, what is the next step they should take according to standard precautions?
A healthcare worker is preparing to administer an injection. After washing their hands, what is the next step they should take according to standard precautions?
What is the PRIMARY rationale behind the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommending hand hygiene as the most important way to prevent contact transmission?
What is the PRIMARY rationale behind the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommending hand hygiene as the most important way to prevent contact transmission?
Which action would be considered a breach of standard precautions?
Which action would be considered a breach of standard precautions?
A healthcare provider is exposed to a patient's blood after a needlestick injury. Following initial first aid (washing the wound), what is the MOST important next step the healthcare provider should take?
A healthcare provider is exposed to a patient's blood after a needlestick injury. Following initial first aid (washing the wound), what is the MOST important next step the healthcare provider should take?
A patient with a confirmed Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection requires frequent assistance with personal hygiene. Besides wearing gloves, what additional personal protective equipment is MOST important for a healthcare worker to use during patient contact?
A patient with a confirmed Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection requires frequent assistance with personal hygiene. Besides wearing gloves, what additional personal protective equipment is MOST important for a healthcare worker to use during patient contact?
Which scenario exemplifies indirect contact transmission of microorganisms?
Which scenario exemplifies indirect contact transmission of microorganisms?
What is the primary difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
What is the primary difference between direct and indirect contact transmission?
How does virulence impact the spread of disease?
How does virulence impact the spread of disease?
Which of the following best describes a hospital-acquired infection (HAI)?
Which of the following best describes a hospital-acquired infection (HAI)?
Why are hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) a significant concern in healthcare?
Why are hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) a significant concern in healthcare?
What is the most accurate definition of cross-contamination?
What is the most accurate definition of cross-contamination?
A new virus is identified that spreads rapidly and causes severe illness in a large percentage of those infected. Which characteristic of the virus is most responsible for this outcome?
A new virus is identified that spreads rapidly and causes severe illness in a large percentage of those infected. Which characteristic of the virus is most responsible for this outcome?
A patient in a hospital develops a surgical site infection after a knee replacement. Cultures reveal the presence of a common skin bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which factor most likely contributed to this infection?
A patient in a hospital develops a surgical site infection after a knee replacement. Cultures reveal the presence of a common skin bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which factor most likely contributed to this infection?
Why is it important to avoid touching the sink with hands or body during hand hygiene?
Why is it important to avoid touching the sink with hands or body during hand hygiene?
Why is washing between fingers a crucial step in hand hygiene?
Why is washing between fingers a crucial step in hand hygiene?
What is the most important reason for using a dry towel to turn off the water after handwashing, assuming there are no foot pedals?
What is the most important reason for using a dry towel to turn off the water after handwashing, assuming there are no foot pedals?
Why is it important to remove jewelry before performing hand hygiene?
Why is it important to remove jewelry before performing hand hygiene?
What is the primary reason for disposing of a mask once it becomes saturated with moisture?
What is the primary reason for disposing of a mask once it becomes saturated with moisture?
During aseptic gowning, why should you try not to touch the front of the gown?
During aseptic gowning, why should you try not to touch the front of the gown?
You are about to assist in a sterile procedure. Arrange the following steps in the correct order:
- Apply gloves aseptically
- Apply gown
- Apply mask
You are about to assist in a sterile procedure. Arrange the following steps in the correct order:
- Apply gloves aseptically
- Apply gown
- Apply mask
A healthcare worker has thoroughly washed their hands but accidentally touches the inside of their wrist while rinsing. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
A healthcare worker has thoroughly washed their hands but accidentally touches the inside of their wrist while rinsing. What is the MOST appropriate next step?
In which scenario is the least amount of PPE (personal protective equipment) required?
In which scenario is the least amount of PPE (personal protective equipment) required?
A phlebotomist is about to draw blood from a patient with suspected tuberculosis. What PPE is most important for the phlebotomist to wear?
A phlebotomist is about to draw blood from a patient with suspected tuberculosis. What PPE is most important for the phlebotomist to wear?
What is the primary reason for using a mask-to-mouth ventilation device during CPR?
What is the primary reason for using a mask-to-mouth ventilation device during CPR?
After assisting a patient with wound care, a healthcare worker disposes of the soiled dressings. Which action demonstrates proper handling of potentially biohazardous waste?
After assisting a patient with wound care, a healthcare worker disposes of the soiled dressings. Which action demonstrates proper handling of potentially biohazardous waste?
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) medication. When should the nurse don gloves, according to standard precautions?
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) medication. When should the nurse don gloves, according to standard precautions?
A medical assistant accidentally sticks themself with a used needle while recapping it. What is the most important immediate action they should take?
A medical assistant accidentally sticks themself with a used needle while recapping it. What is the most important immediate action they should take?
When cleaning reusable instruments, what is the most important reason for wearing heavy-duty utility gloves?
When cleaning reusable instruments, what is the most important reason for wearing heavy-duty utility gloves?
Which scenario requires the highest level of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the information provided?
Which scenario requires the highest level of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the information provided?
Flashcards
Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI)
Hospital-Acquired Infection (HAI)
An infection acquired during a hospital stay.
Cross-contamination
Cross-contamination
The transfer of microorganisms between different places or people.
Pathogen
Pathogen
A microorganism that can cause illness or disease in humans.
Virulence
Virulence
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Direct Contact Transmission
Direct Contact Transmission
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Indirect Contact Transmission
Indirect Contact Transmission
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Asepsis
Asepsis
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When is asepsis appropriate?
When is asepsis appropriate?
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Sterility
Sterility
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When is sterility required?
When is sterility required?
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Asepsis vs. Sterility
Asepsis vs. Sterility
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Sterility: Difficulty
Sterility: Difficulty
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Aseptic Techniques
Aseptic Techniques
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Sterilization Methods
Sterilization Methods
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CDC Isolation Guidelines
CDC Isolation Guidelines
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Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions
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Hand Hygiene
Hand Hygiene
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Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Routine Hand Hygiene Duration
Routine Hand Hygiene Duration
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Surgical Hand Scrub Duration
Surgical Hand Scrub Duration
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Hand Hygiene Importance
Hand Hygiene Importance
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Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions
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When to use mask/eye protection/face shield?
When to use mask/eye protection/face shield?
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Purpose of gowns in standard precautions?
Purpose of gowns in standard precautions?
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Equipment handling standard precaution
Equipment handling standard precaution
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Handling patient linens?
Handling patient linens?
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Sharps
Sharps
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Sharps disposal?
Sharps disposal?
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Mask-to-mouth ventilation device purpose?
Mask-to-mouth ventilation device purpose?
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Why use PPE?
Why use PPE?
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Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions
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Droplet Precautions
Droplet Precautions
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Airborne Precautions
Airborne Precautions
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Cohorting
Cohorting
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Gloves and Gown
Gloves and Gown
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Surgical Mask
Surgical Mask
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NIOSH N-95 Mask
NIOSH N-95 Mask
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Negative Pressure Room
Negative Pressure Room
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Jewelry and Hand Hygiene
Jewelry and Hand Hygiene
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Sink Contact
Sink Contact
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Wetting Hands
Wetting Hands
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Hand Washing Technique
Hand Washing Technique
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Wrist Washing
Wrist Washing
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Nail Cleaning
Nail Cleaning
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Hand Drying
Hand Drying
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Order of Aseptic Gowning
Order of Aseptic Gowning
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Study Notes
Basics of Asepsis
- Asepsis is an absence of disease-producing organisms.
- Asepsis is appropriate for any procedure that is not invasive.
- Sterility is complete destruction of all forms of microorganisms.
- Sterility is appropriate for any invasive procedure like surgery
- Sterility is very difficult to obtain and maintain.
- Hospital-acquired infections are contracted during a hospital stay.
- Hospital-acquired infections can result in complications, additional expenses, and death.
- Cross-contamination involves the transmission of microorganisms between places or persons.
- A pathogen is a microorganism capable of causing disease in humans.
- Virulence is the relative ability to cause disease in many people.
Microorganism Transmission
- Contact transmission can be direct, occurring when microorganisms are transmitted from one person to another without an intermediate.
- Indirect contact transmission occurs when microorganisms are transmitted through an intermediate object or person.
- Airborne transmission involves air currents transporting microorganisms from one area to another.
- Droplet transmission is a form of contact transmission via droplets larger than 0.5 micrometers (μm).
- Vehicle transmission involves the transmission of microorganisms via inanimate objects called fomites.
- Vector transmission is disease transmitted by an intermediate host, such as a mosquito or tick.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines
- Guidelines for isolation precautions review scientific data regarding the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings.
- Guidelines for isolation precautions outline fundamental elements needed to prevent transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings.
- Guidelines for isolation precautions list precautions to prevent transmission of infectious agents and recommendations.
Standard Precautions
- Standard precautions combine universal precautions and body substance isolation.
- Standard precautions include hand hygiene.
- Standard precautions mandate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Standard precautions call for proper handling of equipment and patient waste.
- Standard precautions include mask-to-mouth ventilation.
Hand Hygiene
- Hand hygiene involves the use of soap and water or an alcohol-based product.
- A 15-second scrub is necessary between patients, prior to prep of medications, before and after eating, after use of contaminated equipment, and after restroom use.
- A 5-minute scrub is necessary in surgery, newborn care, ICU, and burn units.
- Hand hygiene is the most important way to prevent contact transmission.
- Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette is part of standard precautions.
- Anyone with signs of respiratory illness should adhere to respiratory Hygiene/cough etiquette.
- Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette involves wearing a mask or using facial tissues, practicing hand hygiene, and maintaining 3 feet of physical space.
- Personal protective equipment includes barrier devices such as gloves, masks, gowns, and goggles.
- Gloves advised when procedures necessitate contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaminated items.
- Masks, eye protection, and face shields should be used when at risk of being splashed or sprayed by blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
- Gowns protect the skin and clothing during procedures or patient care situations that may produce splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.
- Handle equipment with appropriate PPE.
- Clean and disinfect equipment appropriately before use.
- Patient linens are to be handled with appropriate PPE.
- Patient linens should be treated as biohazardous waste if contaminated with blood and body secretions.
- Sharps such as needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments should be disposed of in puncture-proof containers.
- A mask-to-mouth ventilation device allows a rescuer to perform pulmonary resuscitation without direct contact with the patient's mucous membranes.
Transmission Based Precautions
- For contact precautions, a private room is necessary, but cohorting is acceptable if patients have the same organism. Gloves for patient contact, and a gown if soiling is anticipated.
- For droplet precautions, a private room is necessary, but cohorting is acceptable if patients have the same organism and surgical mask. Always wear a glove and gown.
- For airborne precautions, a negative pressure room with 6-12 air changes per hour is necessary. NIOSH N-95 mask required
- For any patient transport Minimize the potential for contact transmission- patient should wear a surgical mask during transport and the NIOSH N-95 mask
Steps for Proper Hand Hygiene
- Remove jewelry before starting.
- Avoid touching the sink with hands or body during the washing process.
- Adjust the water flow and temperature.
- Wet forearms, wrists, and hands.
- Liberally apply soap.
- Wash palms with friction.
- Ensure to wash in-between fingers
- Wash wrists with a rotary motion.
- Scrub under nails and around cuticles.
- Rinse hands without touching the sink.
- Dry hands using separate disposable towels.
- Turn off the water using a dry towel if there are no foot pedals.
Aseptic Gowning
- Apply a mask, which should be disposed of once saturated with moisture and never reused.
- Apply a gown sliding hands into sleeves, being careful not to touch the front of the gown.
- Gloves applied aseptically.
Removal of PPE
- 1st, remove gloves, 2nd the mask, 3rd the gown. The last step is to wash hands.
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