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Questions and Answers

Which of the following biologic DMARDs is specifically classified as a TNF-alpha neutralizing agent?

  • Anakinra
  • Infliximab (correct)
  • Abatacept
  • Rituximab

What is the role of IL-1 neutralizing agents in the immune response?

  • They deplete B cells.
  • They enhance T cell activation.
  • They promote the production of leukotrienes.
  • They neutralize the effects of IL-1. (correct)

Which NSAID is categorized as a pyrrolealkanoic acid derivative?

  • Indomethacin
  • Meclofenamic acid
  • Phenylbutazone
  • Tolmetin (correct)

What is a major consequence of a chronic inflammatory response?

<p>Release of multiple cytokines and chemokines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following NSAIDs is known to exert antipyretic effects?

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cell activation is interfered with by abatacept?

<p>T cell activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition does NOT represent a typical outcome of the immune response?

<p>Chronic fatigue syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leukotrienes is true?

<p>They have a chemotactic effect on neutrophils. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolic pathway for most NSAIDs?

<p>Phase I followed by phase II mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is classified as a ketone prodrug?

<p>Nabumetone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic goal in the treatment of inflammation?

<p>Increasing pain perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indices are commonly used to assess response in rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>DAS and ACR Response Index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enterohepatic circulation in NSAID metabolism?

<p>It correlates to GI tract irritation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reactive molecules are primarily produced during inflammation due to neutrophil stimulation?

<p>Free radicals and hydrogen peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does arachidonic acid play in the inflammatory process?

<p>It generates chemotactic substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important route for the final elimination of NSAIDs?

<p>Renal excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAID is noted to be ineffective in treating gout?

<p>Tolmetin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential CNS adverse effect associated with NSAIDs?

<p>Aseptic meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following NSAIDs, which one is considered less effective for ankylosing spondylitis compared to others?

<p>Aspirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is particularly associated with the use of ketorolac?

<p>Renal insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which NSAIDs are associated with the greatest overall toxicity?

<p>Ketorolac and tolmetin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gastrointestinal adverse effect of NSAIDs?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of action is NOT listed as an additional possible mechanism for NSAIDs?

<p>Stimulation of protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For patients with renal insufficiency, which type of salicylates may be considered safest?

<p>Nonacetylated salicylates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is common among most NSAIDs regarding their protein binding?

<p>They are highly protein-bound, typically around 98%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following NSAIDs is provided as a single enantiomer?

<p>Naproxen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do NSAIDs differ from glucocorticoids in their effect on disease progression?

<p>NSAIDs have minimal effect on the progression of the disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a known toxicity associated with glucocorticoids?

<p>Osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs has been shown to have disease-modifying properties in arthritis treatment?

<p>Low-dose corticosteroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-biologic DMARDs?

<p>They decrease elevated levels of acute phase reactants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism primarily mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs?

<p>Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about drugs with short half-lives and their presence in synovial fluid is correct?

<p>They remain in the joints longer than expected from their half-lives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diclofenac affect renal function in high-risk patients?

<p>It impairs renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for limiting diflunisal dosage in patients?

<p>Its clearance is affected by both hepatic metabolism and renal function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of flurbiprofen is used for intraoperative miosis?

<p>Topical ophthalmic formulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is diflunisal recommended for pain management?

<p>Cancer pain with bone metastases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage range for etodolac in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>300 mg twice or three times a day, up to 500 mg twice a day. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential mechanism of action of flurbiprofen apart from COX inhibition?

<p>Reduction of nitric oxide synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average serum half-life of diflunisal compared to salicylic acid?

<p>Equivalent to salicylic acid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of administration for diclofenac in Europe?

<p>Oral mouthwash. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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