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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the term "Cor Pulmonale"?

Cor Pulmonale is a Latin term that means "pulmonary heart."

The main symptoms of Cor Pulmonale are chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and peripheral edema.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause of Cor Pulmonale?

  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Myasthenia Gravis

What is the most common cause of Cor Pulmonale?

<p>The most common cause of Cor Pulmonale is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen therapy is the only treatment that slows down the progression of pulmonary hypertension in COPD.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a pulmonary function test?

<p>To assess lung function and identify any problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pneumothorax?

<p>A pneumothorax is a condition where air leaks into the space between your lung and the chest wall, causing your lung to collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A flail chest is a serious condition that can significantly impact a patient's ability to breathe.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a flail chest?

<p>Excessive sweating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of medical management of a flail chest?

<p>The primary goal of medical management of a flail chest is to support breathing, relieve pain, and prevent complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chest physiotherapy?

<p>To improve lung function and mobilize respiratory secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incentive spirometry is a type of chest physiotherapy that helps patients with flail chest improve their lung capacity and prevent atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulmonary contusion?

<p>A pulmonary contusion is a type of lung injury caused by a blunt force to the chest, resulting in lung tissue bruising and swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention are significant complications of pulmonary contusion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intubation is a common complication of pulmonary contusion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary types of chest trauma discussed in this document?

<p>The two main types of chest trauma discussed are blunt chest trauma and penetrating chest trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a common symptom of a penetrating chest trauma?

<p>Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of medical management for penetrating chest trauma?

<p>The primary goal of medical management for penetrating chest trauma is to stabilize the patient and control bleeding, often requiring surgical intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atelectasis can affect any part of the lung, from a single segment to the entire lung.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of atelectasis?

<p>Hypertension (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Postoperative setting is a risk factor for atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important thing to do to prevent atelectasis in a patient who has had surgery?

<p>For post-operative patients, early mobilization and frequent turning are essential to prevent atelectasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that can be used to identify and treat atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most important intervention for managing atelectasis?

<p>Chest physiotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary goal of managing chronic atelectasis is to remove the underlying cause of the airway obstruction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a penetrating chest trauma?

<p>A penetrating chest trauma is a type of chest injury caused by a foreign object piercing the chest wall, such as a stab wound, gunshot wound, or a sharp object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A tension pneumothorax is a more serious type of pneumothorax.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Critical Care Nursing

Specialized nursing care for critically ill or injured patients.

Goals of Critical Care Nursing

Improve patient outcomes, support families, and promote healing.

Common Cases in Critical Care Units

Various medical conditions requiring intensive care.

Levels of Critical Care

Different degrees of intensity in patient care.

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Critical Care Environment

The setting for critical care, including CCUs and ICUs.

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Categorization of CCUs

Classifying critical care units based on patient types.

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ICU Expectations

What to anticipate in an intensive care unit.

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Critical Care Nurse Roles

Tasks performed by nurses in critical care settings.

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Critical Care Nurse Competencies

Skills and knowledge expected of critical care nurses.

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Nursing Responsibilities (Critical Care)

Tasks related to patient care in intensive care.

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Patient Care Essentials

Key aspects of patient care in critical situations.

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Pain Assessment

Evaluating a patient's pain in critical care.

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Pain Management

Methods to treat pain in critical care patients.

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Physiologic Needs

Basic needs for survival, like oxygen and nutrition.

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Family Needs (Critical Care)

The requirements for families of critically ill patients

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Multidisciplinary Team

Collaboration among various healthcare professionals.

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Rapid Response Team

A team for immediate intervention in critical situations.

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Pulmonary Embolism

Blood clot in the lungs.

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Chest Trauma

Injury to the chest area.

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Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Trouble breathing, especially new born babies.

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Pulmonary Contusion

Bruising of the lungs.

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Study Notes

Lesson Outline

  • Subject Code: NRG 401
  • Mode of Class: LEC
  • Semester: 1st
  • Term: Prelims

Introduction to Critical Care Nursing

  • What is Critical Nursing?
    • Goals of Critical Care Nursing (CCNAPI, 2014)
    • Common Legal and Ethical Issues
  • Common Cases in Critical Care Units
    • Pharmacological Management
    • Nursing Management
  • Levels of Care (CCNAPI, 2014)
  • Categorization of CCU
    • By age group (Neonatal, Pediatric, Adult)
    • By specialty (Medical, Surgical, Cardio-thoracic, Cardiac, Respiratory, Neurosurgical, Trauma)
    • By system operation (Open system, Closed system)
  • What to expect in the ICU?
    • Common equipment (Mechanical ventilators, Cardiac monitors, Other devices etc.)

Respiratory System

  • Review of Anatomy and Physiology
    • Upper Respiratory Tract (Nose, sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx)
    • Lower Respiratory Tract (Tracheobronchial tree, trachea, right and left lungs, alveoli, ribcage, diaphragm)
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    • Definition
    • Surfactant
    • Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
      • Signs and Symptoms
      • Diagnostic Tests
      • Medical Management

Pulmonary Embolism & Chest Trauma

  • Pulmonary Embolism
    • Clinical Manifestations
    • Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
    • Prevention
    • Medical Management
  • Chest Trauma
    • Blunt Trauma: Clinical Manifestations
    • Blunt Trauma: Diagnostic Tests
    • Blunt Trauma: Medical Management
    • Sternal and Rib Fractures
    • Flail Chest

Pulmonary Contusion & Penetrating Trauma

  • Pulmonary Contusion
    • What is Pulmonary Contusion
    • Causes
    • Pathophysiology
    • Clinical Manifestations (Mild, Moderate, Severe)
    • Assessment and Diagnostics
    • Medical Management

Cor Pulmonale

  • Definition of Cor Pulmonale
  • Causes (Acute, Chronic)
    • COPD
    • Pulmonary Embolism
    • Pulmonary Fibrosis
    • Sleep Apnea
    • Myasthenia Gravis
    • Poliomyelitis
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Symptoms/Signs
  • Medical Management

Atelectasis

  • Definition of Atelectasis
    • Normal lung
    • Collapsed lung
  • Types of Atelectasis (Microatelectasis, Macroatelectasis)
  • Causes (Obstructive, Non-Obstructive)
    • Surgery
    • Pleural effusion
    • Pneumothorax
    • Lung scarring
    • Chest tumor
    • Surfactant deficiency
  • Risk Factors
    • Smoking
    • COPD
    • Obesity
    • Spinal cord injury
    • Muscular dystrophy
    • Certain medications
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Manifestations
  • Assessment and Diagnostic findings
  • Medical Management
  • Nursing Considerations

Mechanical Ventilation

  • Positive-Pressure Ventilation
  • Classification of Ventilators
    • Positive-pressure ventilator
    • Controlled Mechanical Ventilation
    • Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
  • Types of Ventilation (PSV, IRV, Biphasic ventilation)
  • Laboratory Values

Weaning the Patient from the Ventilator

  • Process and stages
  • Assessment of weaning criteria
    • Vital capacity: 10-15 mL/kg
    • Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) at least -20 cm H2O
    • Tidal volume: 7-9 mL/kg
    • Minute Ventilation: 6 L/min
    • Rapid/shallow breathing index: Below 100 breaths/min/L; PaO2> 60 mmHg with Fi02 <40%

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