the school of Frankfurt

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the context of the Frankfurt school :

the rise of individualism in Europe
the rise of consumerism and capitalism in usa (correct)
the rise of totalitarisme propaganda and nazism in Germany and urss (correct)
the rise of consumerism and nazism in Germany

What is a common thread of the Frankfurt School?

Critical of social power relations: social control (correct)
Critical of mass cultures: mass society, mass media (degrading, alienating) (correct)
Left-leaning: politically engaged, explicit values judgment (correct)
Emphasis on individual freedom and identity

How does ideological domination operate ?

the paradigm of pseudo-reality
manipulation of needs (correct)
the mixing of manifest and latent messages (correct)
the myth of social homogeneity (correct)
individuals consent to their own indoctrination (correct)
controversial control

Gatekeeping was born as a form of limited effect theory :

certains events do not pass the gates, and as such have no effect (A), opinion leader are a type of gatekeepers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Functionalism sees society as a [blank] whose ( blank ) and ( blank ) (blank ) each have a ( blank ) they need to ( blank ) to keep the system working.

sytem, interlocked, interdepend, components, function, fulfill Signup and view all the answers

The White's model of G-K :

focused on the flow of info towards the public (B), focused on the editor-in-chief of newspapers/news shows (C), who makes highly subjective and personal choices based on his tastes, values, expectations, as well on how he imagines and perceives his public (D) Signup and view all the answers

White's model criticized has :

simplistic and reductive (B) Signup and view all the answers

Give the example why the W-M has been criticized has simplistic and reductive

<ul> <li>multitude of gatekeepers</li> <li>variations in the info flux</li> <li>media do not just select the info but they create and process info</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

According to the model of Westley and McLean (1957), which of the following aspects were missing from their framework?

Integration of feedback (C), A system of concepts which will evoke new and interrelated research directions (A), Integration of sources of news (B) Signup and view all the answers

McNelly's model (1959) : 2 notion

focused on press agencies rather than media (B), first attention to representation and interpretation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Galtung & Ruhe ( 1965 ) --> find a response to the question : why there some events that are news and other not ? explain the response.

A (non-exhaustive) series of factors and criteria that collectively determines the informative value and newsworthiness of an event. More a criteria is present, more the event is likely to be selected, emphasized as news. Signup and view all the answers

The criteria for an events to determine its informative value and newsworthiness : part 1 which ones are the correct answers.

proximity (A), clarity (B), unexpected character (C), concordance (D), amplitude (@) Signup and view all the answers

The criteria for an events to determine its informative value and newsworthiness : part 2 which one is the incorrect answer

relativity (@) Signup and view all the answers

selective criteria can :

exclude (B), amplify each other (C), compliment each other (D) Signup and view all the answers

selective criteria can :

amplify each other : ( blank ) negative news (blank ) an elite personality

exclude : events that do not ( blank ) the criteria, will get ( blank) chance to be (blank ) in the news

compliment each other : a ( blank ) distant event that is not in ( blank ) with expectations can still receive (blank ) if it ( blank ) an elite ( blank )

<ul> <li>amplify each other : unexpected, involving -exclude : fit, less, covered -compliment each other : culturally, line, coverage, personality</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

dialectic of enlightenment : Horkheimer & Adorno :

classic Marxism predicts that advances in capitalism will eventually exacerbate its paradoxes, resulting in an age of revolution and the birth of the Communist society

Enlightenment was a myth:

Totalitarianism, Nazism, fascism, consumerism, Stalinism can all be understood as forms of (over-)rationalization, technocracy, and hence as the offspring and as logical consequences of Enlightenment (“Age of Reason” & “the iron cage of rationality”)

Social revolution isn’t inevitable, yet the excesses of Enlightenment thought are

Culture industry one example of such an ‘excess

Extension of the logic of capital into the sphere of culture: cultural products no longer also economical products but primarily or solely so. Art has become a commodity first and foremost

Frankfurt School def of ideology : various definitions, each operating at different levels

Largest scale: ideology as a grand narrative, a recital, a myth about society (e.g. Catholicism, ‘business’ & capitalism)

Medium scale: the dominant discourse, the set of (false, flawed, incorrect) ideas that perpetuate and reproduce the status quo (e.g. the church, markets)

Small-scale: the symbolic content of cultural products   (religious rituals, Hollywood tropes)