ئۇيغۇر مەسىلىسى: تۈرگۈن ئالماس ۋە تەسيرلىك شەخسلەر

### Book Information

• Title: Uyghurs
• Translator: HAMIT HAMRAEB
• Dedicated to: Murata Karimoviç HAMRAEB, the first Uyghur Doctor of Science
• Publisher funds: Zaynaudin BOSAKOV
• ISBN: 5-615-011-084

### Page 1 - Subtitle: Introduction

• The book translates from Uyghur to Russian.
• The translation is dedicated to a prominent Uyghur scientist.
• Further translations will require authorization with the translator.
• The publication was funded by Zaynaudin BOSAKOV.

### Page 2 - Subtitle: From the Translator

• Uyghur history is complex and underresearched.
• Primarily studied by Russian and Western scholars, like V.V. Bartold, V.V. Radlov, and many others.
• The book "Uyghurs" by Turghun Almas, written by an Uyghur, provides a historical overview of ancient and medieval Central Asia.
• It's based on Uyghur sources and, especially, Chinese materials, highlighting contemporary Chinese historical views, sometimes deemed to be controversial.
• The translator acknowledges the potential for further debate and discussion.

### Page 3 - Subtitle: Uyghur Khanate

• The Uyghurs' homeland is Central Asia.
• The term "Central Asia" is defined geographically.
• Historical polities and civilizations including the Great Oghuz Empire, the Hunnic Empires, the Turkic Khaganates, the Uyghur Khaganate, the Uyghur Idghuts (from 850-1335), many other kingdoms and empires are mentioned.
• The text emphasizes that the Uyghurs have a rich history as creators of states, culture, and their contributions to human civilization.

Page 4 - Subtitle: Home of Uyghurs

• The geographical area of Central Asia, including Uyghurstan (Xinjiang), is described.
• Emphasis is placed on the rich resource potential of Xinjiang (Uyghurstan) (such as uranium, radium, oil, and coal) which points to historical explanations like the existence of inland seas and forests in the past.
• The climate and geography of the region were once more humid, supporting agriculture and livestock.
• Changes in climate and resources have shaped past migrations and settlement patterns.
• The current state of the area's environment is not addressed.

Page 5 - Subtitle: From the Translator (continued)

• This part of the text covers several historical empires.
• Emphasizes the scholarly work of earlier researchers and the importance of primary sources, particularly those from China, highlighting Uyghur perspective on history.
• It also discusses how historical accounts might be misinterpreted, and/or altered for political reasons.
• The author's work was initially intended to be published in Mandarin Chinese as well, but it was denied by authorities for reasons not specified.

Page 6 - Subtitle: Uyghur Khaganate (continued)

• The historical development of states and empires spanning centuries is detailed.
• The historical relationship between Central Asian people and the development of written and early forms of civilization.
• The dating and origin of scripts and their ties to the history of Central Asian populations
• The historical relationship between the Soghdians and the early Turkic peoples are discussed.

### Page 7 - Subtitle: Uyghur Homeland

• This page focuses on the historical geographic location of the Uyghurs of Central Asia.
• Geographical definition of Central Asia, which is largely a conceptual area and the limits of this definition.
• This section enumerates major historical settlements and polities inhabited by the ancestors of the Uyghurs.
• Several empires spanning from pre-era to 14th centuries are cited as historical entities and states relevant to the Uyghur history of the region.

Page 8 - Subtitle: From the Translator (continued)

• The current work highlights facts and material from Uyghur scholars and Chinese sources.
• Authors offer opinions with different perspectives, some of which may be debated.
• The focus is on highlighting previously little-known historical details about the various polities of Central Asia, especially related to the Uyghur people.
• The emphasis is on the importance to understand the history of the region, recognizing its significance.

Page 9 - Subtitle: Uyghur Khaganate (continued part 1)

• This page lists major polities from the past that inhabited the central Asian region, that were relevant to the Uyghur people, and also discussed the historical relationship between the Turkic nations that existed and/or lived in Central Asia.

### Page 10 - Subtitle: From the Translator (continued)

• Geological investigations in Xinjiang (Uyghurstan- X.X.). reveal substantial oil and coal reserves as well as other minerals that may be rare.
• These reserves/minerals may be historically explained by the presence of inland seas and forests in the region.
• These geological findings provide evidence regarding past climatic conditions and geological changes in Xinjiang.

Page 11 - Subtitle: Historical Writings

• This page details sources from classical Chinese and Greek/Roman writers, as well as travel accounts.
• It mentions that the Uyghurs had a significant role in trade routes.

Page 12 - Subtitle: Historical Writings

• This page describes the Uyghurs and their activities using diverse historical material, including accounts from Chinese, Greek, Roman, Arab sources.
• It identifies the Uyghurs' location and cultural connection in this period.
• It addresses the writing system inconsistencies and potential misinterpretations in historical accounts.

Page 13 - Subtitle: Uyghur Homeland

• This page notes information from written sources confirming that Uyghur ancestors have lived in Central Asia for a long time.
• There are early records and accounts demonstrating migration patterns and connections with other Central Asian groups and the regions of Asia.
• The section highlights the importance of understanding the Uyghur people's history and their historical contributions.

Page 14 - Subtitle: Origin of Uyghurs

• Discusses various legends and myths regarding Uyghur origins across different cultures and time periods.
• It cautions against interpreting these legends as pure historical facts.
• The section covers various early civilizations, empires, and kingdoms historically connected to the Uyghurs, such as the Oghuz Turks, and the Huns, highlighting the complexity of their intertwined history.

Page 15 - Subtitle: Legends and Traditions

• This page presents legends and traditions about the Uyghur people, and how previous polities/empires/groups of people were tied to the culture..
• It points out that these narrations may not be entirely accurate. Based on historical and modern data, it's possible that the historical narratives and/or legends are interconnected.
• Provides a discussion on the historical roots and possible ties of the Uyghurs with other groups from the past.

### Page 16 - Subtitle: Legends and Traditions (Continued)

• Covers various historical figures and events related to Central Asian history, and discusses the historical relationships or connections that the cited people/leaders had with each other.

Page 17 - Subtitle: Legends and Traditions (continued)

• This page covers the historical context of figures or events from Central Asia.
• It discusses the historical relationship between the peoples and groups of people in the context of various empires.
• Provides possible links between different historical cultures and nations.

Page 18 - Subtitle: Acceptance of Wolf Totem

• This page discusses the adoption of the wolf as a totem.
• It speculates various reasons and factors that led to the creation of the totemistic ideology of the ancient Turkic peoples.

Page 19 - Subtitle: Wolf Totem (Continued)

• Different legends, particularly from Uyghur-based regions discussing the wolf and its cultural significance across time periods are included.

### Page 20 - Subtitle: Artistic and Cultural Evidence:

• The text mentions archeological and historical findings from Xinjiang, China (Uyghurstan).
• Mentions a considerable amount of evidence from buried settlements and graves.
• This data provides insights into the ethnicity, material culture, and societal characteristics of our ancestors.

Page 21 - Subtitle: Historical Writings (Continued)

• The page provides a summary from written sources for the Uyghurs in Central Asia.
• Provides evidence from Greek, Roman, Chinese, Arab, and other accounts of peoples and cultures of the past.

Page 22 - Subtitle: Music and Artwork

• This page covers music and artwork, likely from Central Asia.
• It discusses the relationship between Uyghurs and other groups in the past.
• It mentions the scholarly work of Chinese and foreign academics/researchers.

Page 23 - Subtitle: Art

• This page mentions archeological work in Xinjiang, covering topics that include cave paintings, likely depicting daily life, hunting scenes, and societal practices of the past.
• It mentions that the people of these regions engaged in hunting and agriculture.
• Includes speculation regarding possible cultural influences and/or interconnections with other, ancient cultures.

Page 24 - Subtitle: Archeological and Historical Evidence (continued)

• This page details discoveries made by archaeologists in Xinjiang, showcasing artifacts (like burials, and tools).
• It provides evidence to help show connections between groups/peoples from the past that may have inhabited various parts of Central Asia..
• It mentions Uyghur-specific characteristics, like hair color and facial features, based on the physical remains that were discovered.

Page 25 - Subtitle: Position of Uyghurs Before Khaganate

• This page addresses the placement of the Uyghurs in relation to various neighboring polities and empires.
• Specifically, it discusses the importance of the Huns and their impact on Uyghur and Central Asian societies.

Page 26 - Subtitle: Legends and Traditions.

• This page discusses various legends and myths regarding the Uyghurs and neighboring groups/cultures.
• It points out the interconnections between cultures and nations in this part of the world

Page 27 - Subtitle: Position of Uyghurs Before Khaganate (Continued)

• This page details accounts from historical records for the Uyghurs.
• It connects the Uyghurs with other polities and empires of the past.
• It emphasizes the importance of understanding their historical context in Central Asia.

Page 28 - Subtitle: Position of Uyghurs Before Khaganate (Continued)

• This page details the relationship between the Uyghurs and various other nations and/or groups that existed in the Central Asian region.

Page 29 - Subtitle: Position of Uyghurs Before Khaganate (Continued)

• Includes evidence from past written records regarding early Uyghur activity in Central Asia.
• Discusses the Uyghur relationship with neighbouring cultures/nations, and their interactions with established empires.
• Mentions historical figures from Uyghur history and other regions of Central Asia.

Page 30 - Subtitle: Position of Uyghurs Before Khaganate (Continued)

• This page details more of the historical Uyghur activity in Central Asia.
• It discusses relations between the Uyghurs and neighbouring groups/cultures/nations and the historical interaction between the Uyghurs and the Han Chinese dynasties..
• It talks about various conflicts, and/or alliances between the Uyghurs and neighbouring states, including tribute relationships, and/or marriage alliances.

Page 31 - Subtitle: External Relations

• This page discusses relationships of Uyghur nations with various other cultures and nations in nearby areas.

Page 32 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This page examines continued Uyghur interactions with various cultures and groups, particularly their relations with the Han Chinese dynasties.

Page 33 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This page details various interactions or communications between Uyghur and foreign nations/cultures.

Page 34 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section elaborates on the interactions and interrelationships among Uyghurs and various nations/cultures.
• It highlights historical connections and/or influences between Uyghur and Han Chinese dynasties.

Page 35 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section examines various relationships and interactions between the Uyghur people and other cultures, with a focus on their relationship with the Han Chinese dynasties.

Page 36 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section examines continued Uyghur interactions with various cultures and groups, particularly their relations with the Han Chinese dynasties.

Page 37 - Subtitle: Historical Accounts

• This page details the history of Uyghur interactions with neighboring cultures/nations, particularly their relations with the Han Chinese dynasties.

Page 38 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section examines continued Uyghur interactions with various cultures and groups, with an emphasis on cultural and/or political relations.

Page 39 - Subtitle: Relationships

• This page details Uyghur interactions and relationships in a specific time period of Central Asian history.

Page 40 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section details various Uyghur relations and interactions with other groups and nations.

Page 41 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued – part 1)

• This page details specific instances of Uyghur interactions and relations with different outside groups.
• It specifically covers Uyghur interactions with both foreign and neighboring, related cultures.

Page 42 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This page details Uyghur interactions and relations with neighboring/related cultures.

Page 43 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This page discusses Uyghur's interactions with various outside groups.

Page 44 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section examines continued Uyghur interactions with various cultures and groups, particularly their relations with the Han Chines dynasties and other regionally related groups.

Page 45 - Subtitle: The Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire

• This page examines how Uyghurs were sometimes subordinate or dominant among various polities and groups they interacted with.
• It covers a timeline of Uyghur activities and actions within their regions of influence.

Page 46 - Subtitle: The Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire (Continued)

• Covers various events in Uyghur history, focusing on interactions with neighboring peoples.
• Mentions various Uyghur rulers and their roles during this period of Central Asian history.

Page 47 - Subtitle: The Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire (Continued)

• Covers various events in Uyghur history, focusing on interactions with neighbouring groups.
• Details events of a specific period of Uyghur activity and presence in Central Asia.

Page 48 - Subtitle: The Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire (Continued)

• Covers various rulers and events in Uyghur history within a specific timeline.

Page 49 - Subtitle: The Rise and Fall of the Uyghur Empire (Continued)

• This page continues the timeline of Uyghur rulers and events, focusing on interactions and conflict with other groups.

Page 50 - Subtitle: The Success, of the Uyghur Empire

• This section contains detailed information on Uyghur activities & successes.

Page 51 - Subtitle: The Success, of the Uyghur Empire (Continued)

• This section contains elaborated information on Uyghur activities & successes.

Page 52 - Subtitle: Political and Economic History

• Details the Uyghur's political and economic activity within the context of the wider history of Central Asia.
• Connections to existing regions and other nations/empires are discussed.

Page 53 - Subtitle: Political and Economic History (Continued)

• The section examines the economic and political affairs during the Uyghur rule and subsequent effects on the nations impacted by those activities.
• Information about the Uyghur's interaction wiht other neighboring states..

Page 54 - Subtitle: External Relations (Continued)

• This section traces the continued interactions and relations between the Uyghur and other regional cultural/political groups/nations..