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Questions and Answers
What is Gamelan?
What is Gamelan?
An orchestra made up of a set of instruments from Java/Bali Indonesia and is considered as an integral part of the country's culture.
What is Binanog?
What is Binanog?
An indigenous dance from the Philippines that features the movement of an eagle/hawk and synchronizes the pulsating movements of the feet and the hands of the lead and follow dancers. This specific type of Binanog dance comes from the Panay-Bukidnon.
The instruments of the Panay Bukidnon are typically made of metal.
The instruments of the Panay Bukidnon are typically made of metal.
False
What is the name of the bamboo plant variety used by the Panay Bukidnon?
What is the name of the bamboo plant variety used by the Panay Bukidnon?
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What is the name of the bamboo plant variety used by the Panay Bukidnon that is smaller than Kawayan and does not have node needles?
What is the name of the bamboo plant variety used by the Panay Bukidnon that is smaller than Kawayan and does not have node needles?
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What is Tikumbo?
What is Tikumbo?
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What is Suganggang?
What is Suganggang?
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What is Litgit?
What is Litgit?
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What is Tulali?
What is Tulali?
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What is the core melody of a Gamelan called?
What is the core melody of a Gamelan called?
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All Gamelan ensembles are the same.
All Gamelan ensembles are the same.
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Where are Gamelans usually found?
Where are Gamelans usually found?
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What is the Saron in Gamelan?
What is the Saron in Gamelan?
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What is the Bonang?
What is the Bonang?
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What is the Kempul?
What is the Kempul?
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What are the different sizes of the Kendhang?
What are the different sizes of the Kendhang?
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Study Notes
Performing Arts of the Philippines & Indonesia
- Performing arts in the Philippines and Indonesia are culturally diverse, with many different languages and ethnicities.
- There are significant and interesting convergences and divergences in terms of culture and tradition.
Gamelan
- Gamelan is an orchestra.
- It's made up of instruments from Java/Bali, Indonesia.
- It's considered an integral part of the country's culture.
Binanog
- Binanog is an indigenous dance from the Philippines.
- It features the movement of an eagle/hawk.
- The dance synchronizes the pulsating movements of the feet and hands of the lead and follow dancers.
- Binanog is from Panay-Bukidnon.
Sulukan
- Sulukan is a performance.
- It's performed by a dalang (or dhalang) who sings.
- A pasindhen also sings during the performance with the gamelan.
Overview Panay Bukidnon
- Music is deeply interwoven in Panay Bukidnon culture.
- The music is learned from early childhood and is a significant part of social and cultural life.
- Music marks important personal or communal events, like births, feasts, religious activities, weddings and other milestones.
- The music uses numerous traditional instruments.
Bamboo Instruments of Panay Bukidnon
- Instruments are usually made of bamboo.
- Instruments are used in rituals or celebrations, like "binanog" or courtship.
Tikumbo
- Tikumbo is a percussion and chordophone.
- Made of kawayan (bamboo).
- It has a variety of characteristics, including having node needles.
- It's played by tapping one or two fingers on the bamboo lid.
- It's alternated by strumming the string which is etched out from the body of the bamboo.
- The pang-midya (dampening sound) is done by closing the hole on one side of the bamboo to vary low and high pitches.
Suganggan
- Suganggan is a buzzer struck on the palm of a hand.
- It's made of bulo (a bamboo plant variety).
- It's relatively smaller than kawayan; it does not have node needles.
- The hole on one end is where pang-midya is done using the thumb.
Litgit
- Litgit is a two-stringed bowed instrument.
- It's made of bulo
- Abaca hemp, finely braided, is used as strings.
- It's mainly a melodic instrument although rhythmic patterns and phrases from words/phrases are also employed.
Tulali
- Tulali is a bamboo flute.
- Made of bagakay (small bamboo variety).
- Air is blown through a bamboo opening.
- It's tuned according to a pentatonic scale.
- It has four holes (one below, three on top).
- The gap between the holes is measured by the maker's fingers.
Subing
- Subing is a Jaw's harp.
- Panay Bukidnons select the bamboo for this instrument.
- The bamboo should be located at the topmost part of the plant and should have the liveliest sway when the wind passes so as to prove that it is very pliant and therefore can produce the ideal sound.
Musical Instruments of Indonesia
- Musical instruments of Indonesia are found on some Indonesian islands.
- The instruments come in wide variety of ensemble sizes and formations.
- Traditions of gamelan-like ensembles also exist in the Philippines and Suriname.
Gamelan Instruments
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Gamelan is a kind of Indonesian musical ensemble.
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It typically features a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs.
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The instruments are tuned to a distinct entity, and may also have vocalists playing along together.
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Gamelan music is constructed in layers, with a basic melody (core melody or balungan).
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Other layers elaborate on this melody (singing in vocal music pieces).
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Notes in each layer of music relate to the balungan, and they generally coincide at the ends of phrases.
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Gamelan ensembles can be distinguished by their collection of instruments, and use of voice, tunings, repertoires, and cultural contexts.
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No two gamelan ensembles are exactly the same.
Saron
- The saron typically consists of seven bronze bars on top of a resonating frame (rancak).
- It is about 20cm (8 inches) high and played on the floor by a seated performer.
- Saron players use a mallet (tabuh) in their right hand, typically angled to the right to produce a fuller sound.
Bonang
- Bonang is a set of small gongs.
- They are placed horizontally onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak), either one or two rows wide.
- Bonang are usually tuned to a specific pitch in the appropriate scale.
- There are different bonang for pelog and slendro.
- The bonang are typically hit with padded sticks (tabuh).
Cradle Gongs
- Cradle gongs are found in two rows.
Kempul
- Kempul is a type of hanging gong.
- It is frequently placed with the gong suwukan and gong ageng.
- Kempul is often played by the same player with the same instruments
- There are usually several kempul in each pelog and slendro scale.
Gambang
- Gambang is a xylophone-like instrument.
- Similar to saron, it uses wooden bars instead of metal ones.
- The bars are typically made of a dense wood like teak or ironwood.
- They are mounted in a deep wooden case.
- Gambang instruments typically have 17-21 keys that are easily removed.
Kendang
- Kendhang (Javanese for drum) is the primary drum used in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and Bali.
- Various types like Kendhang ageng, Kendhang ciblon, Kendhang batangan or wayang,.
- Kendhang are typically placed on stands horizontally.
- They're hit with hands on either side while seated on the floor.
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