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Questions and Answers

What are some clinical features of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

  • Develops within 72 hours of insult (correct)
  • Accumulation of neutrophils (correct)
  • Decreased vascular permeability
  • Increased lung volume
  • Which histologic characteristic is NOT associated with ARDS?

  • Alveolar edema
  • Epithelial hyperplasia (correct)
  • Accumulation of neutrophils
  • Presence of hyaline membranes lining alveolar ducts
  • In obstructive airway disease, which of the following characteristics is true?

  • Reduced lung compliance
  • Normal or slightly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) (correct)
  • Significantly increased expiratory flow rate
  • Decreased resistance in the airways
  • Which condition is classified under restrictive airway disease?

    <p>Acute interstitial lung disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic change in the FEV1/FVC ratio for obstructive lung diseases?

    <p>Characteristically decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resorption atelectasis?

    <p>Obstruction preventing air from reaching distal airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about restrictive airway disease is true?

    <p>FVC is reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8) affect ARDS?

    <p>It promotes endothelial activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute lung injury?

    <p>Increased arterial oxygen pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily associated with compression atelectasis?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does increased vascular permeability result in during ARDS?

    <p>Decreased oxygen diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical feature is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Refractory hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histologic manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to indirect lung injury contributing to ARDS?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological imbalance occurs as a result of atelectasis?

    <p>Ventilation-perfusion imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

    <p>Multisystem organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of emphysema?

    <p>Permanent enlargement and destruction of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema primarily affects the central parts of acini and spares distal alveoli?

    <p>Centriacinar emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized as reversible airflow obstruction?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of emphysema in individuals without congenital deficiencies?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema occurs more commonly in the lower lung zones?

    <p>Panacinar emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the pathological process in emphysema?

    <p>Ongoing inflammation from smoking and pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of emphysema is most commonly associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults?

    <p>Distal acinar emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does α1-antitrypsin play in the context of emphysema?

    <p>Acts as an antielastase, protecting lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first clinical symptom commonly observed in emphysema?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is indicative of chronic bronchitis as opposed to emphysema?

    <p>Productive cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is primarily involved in stimulating IgE production in asthma?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature associated with the 'blue bloater' phenotype in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with emphysema?

    <p>Reduced ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?

    <p>Persistent productive cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mostly precipitates the development of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Environmental irritants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the early phase of the asthma response?

    <p>Increased mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of asthma is characterized by a Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction and is the most common?

    <p>Atopic Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is most commonly associated with drug-induced asthma by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic symptoms of bronchiectasis?

    <p>Severe persistent cough with copious purulent sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing condition for bronchiectasis?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for severe asthma that does not respond to therapy and persists for days to weeks?

    <p>Status asthmaticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphological feature is characteristic of bronchiectasis?

    <p>Tram track appearance of airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of triggers is typically associated with non-atopic asthma?

    <p>Respiratory infections due to viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of bronchiectasis that occurs due to pulmonary complications?

    <p>Cor pulmonale</p> Signup and view all the answers

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