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What are some clinical features of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

Develops within 72 hours of insult (correct)

Accumulation of neutrophils (correct)

Decreased vascular permeability

Increased lung volume

Which histologic characteristic is NOT associated with ARDS?

Alveolar edema

Epithelial hyperplasia (correct)

Accumulation of neutrophils

Presence of hyaline membranes lining alveolar ducts

In obstructive airway disease, which of the following characteristics is true?

Reduced lung compliance

Normal or slightly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) (correct)

Significantly increased expiratory flow rate

Decreased resistance in the airways

Which condition is classified under restrictive airway disease?

Acute interstitial lung disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the FEV1/FVC ratio for obstructive lung diseases?

Characteristically decreased Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of resorption atelectasis?

Obstruction preventing air from reaching distal airways Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about restrictive airway disease is true?

FVC is reduced Signup and view all the answers

How does the synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8) affect ARDS?

It promotes endothelial activation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute lung injury?

Increased arterial oxygen pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily associated with compression atelectasis?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What does increased vascular permeability result in during ARDS?

Decreased oxygen diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What clinical feature is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Refractory hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the histologic manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to indirect lung injury contributing to ARDS?

Sepsis Signup and view all the answers

What physiological imbalance occurs as a result of atelectasis?

Ventilation-perfusion imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Multisystem organ failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of emphysema?

Permanent enlargement and destruction of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema primarily affects the central parts of acini and spares distal alveoli?

Centriacinar emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized as reversible airflow obstruction?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of emphysema in individuals without congenital deficiencies?

Cigarette smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema occurs more commonly in the lower lung zones?

Panacinar emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the pathological process in emphysema?

Ongoing inflammation from smoking and pollutants Signup and view all the answers

Which type of emphysema is most commonly associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults?

Distal acinar emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What role does α1-antitrypsin play in the context of emphysema?

Acts as an antielastase, protecting lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the first clinical symptom commonly observed in emphysema?

Dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is indicative of chronic bronchitis as opposed to emphysema?

Productive cough Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is primarily involved in stimulating IgE production in asthma?

IL-4 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature associated with the 'blue bloater' phenotype in chronic bronchitis?

Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with emphysema?

Reduced ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?

Persistent productive cough Signup and view all the answers

What mostly precipitates the development of chronic bronchitis?

Environmental irritants Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the early phase of the asthma response?

Increased mucus production Signup and view all the answers

Which type of asthma is characterized by a Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction and is the most common?

Atopic Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is most commonly associated with drug-induced asthma by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic symptoms of bronchiectasis?

Severe persistent cough with copious purulent sputum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing condition for bronchiectasis?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for severe asthma that does not respond to therapy and persists for days to weeks?

Status asthmaticus Signup and view all the answers

Which morphological feature is characteristic of bronchiectasis?

Tram track appearance of airways Signup and view all the answers

What type of triggers is typically associated with non-atopic asthma?

Respiratory infections due to viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of bronchiectasis that occurs due to pulmonary complications?

Cor pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers

What are some clinical features of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

Which histologic characteristic is NOT associated with ARDS?

In obstructive airway disease, which of the following characteristics is true?

Which condition is classified under restrictive airway disease?

What is the characteristic change in the FEV1/FVC ratio for obstructive lung diseases?

What is the primary cause of resorption atelectasis?

Which statement about restrictive airway disease is true?

How does the synthesis of interleukin 8 (IL-8) affect ARDS?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute lung injury?

Which condition is primarily associated with compression atelectasis?

What does increased vascular permeability result in during ARDS?

What clinical feature is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

What is the histologic manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Which of the following conditions can lead to indirect lung injury contributing to ARDS?

What physiological imbalance occurs as a result of atelectasis?

What is a potential consequence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

What is the primary characteristic of emphysema?

Which type of emphysema primarily affects the central parts of acini and spares distal alveoli?

Which condition is characterized as reversible airflow obstruction?

What is the leading cause of emphysema in individuals without congenital deficiencies?

Which type of emphysema occurs more commonly in the lower lung zones?

What triggers the pathological process in emphysema?

Which type of emphysema is most commonly associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults?

What role does α1-antitrypsin play in the context of emphysema?

What is the first clinical symptom commonly observed in emphysema?

Which feature is indicative of chronic bronchitis as opposed to emphysema?

Which cytokine is primarily involved in stimulating IgE production in asthma?

What is a common clinical feature associated with the 'blue bloater' phenotype in chronic bronchitis?

What is the typical FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with emphysema?

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of asthma?

What mostly precipitates the development of chronic bronchitis?

What characterizes the early phase of the asthma response?

Which type of asthma is characterized by a Type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction and is the most common?

Which medication is most commonly associated with drug-induced asthma by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase pathway?

What are the characteristic symptoms of bronchiectasis?

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing condition for bronchiectasis?

What is the term for severe asthma that does not respond to therapy and persists for days to weeks?

Which morphological feature is characteristic of bronchiectasis?

What type of triggers is typically associated with non-atopic asthma?

What is a common clinical feature of bronchiectasis that occurs due to pulmonary complications?

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