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Questions and Answers

What type of brain injury is characterized by shearing forces disrupting axons?

  • Diffuse Axonal Injury (correct)
  • Focal Contusion
  • Concussion
  • Basal Skull Fracture
  • Which Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score indicates a mild head injury?

  • 13-15 (correct)
  • 16-18
  • 9-12
  • 3-8
  • A patient shows symptoms of confusion and amnesia following head trauma. Which assessment is most critical?

  • Cervical Spine X-ray
  • Halo Sign Test
  • CT Scan of the Head (correct)
  • Neurological Examination
  • What is a common sign indicating a basal skull fracture?

    <p>CSF Rhinorrhoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings may suggest a focal neurological deficit?

    <p>Focal Contusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a head injury context, what does the term 'haemotympanum' refer to?

    <p>Blood in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intracranial hemorrhage typically occurs between the dura mater and the skull?

    <p>Extradural Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible consequence of diffuse axonal injury?

    <p>Persistent vegetative state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary risk factor for Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glaucoma is characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure?

    <p>Acute angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of optic nerve damage in glaucoma?

    <p>Increased intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which retinal disease is associated with a breakdown in the blood-retinal barrier?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of visual field assessments in ophthalmology?

    <p>To evaluate peripheral vision loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is neovascularization commonly observed?

    <p>Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols?

    <p>To expedite recovery and reduce complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is most likely to occur post-operatively in patients who have undergone ocular surgeries?

    <p>Corneal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause anuria?

    <p>Blocked or malpositioned catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of hypovolaemia, what is the recommended fluid challenge amount?

    <p>250-500ml of colloid over 15-30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition typically leads to oliguria?

    <p>Inadequate fluid replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action to take when assessing fluid status in a patient?

    <p>Examine for palpable bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is an appropriate treatment for neurogenic shock?

    <p>Norepinephrine infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential consequence of inadequate replacement of fluid losses?

    <p>Reduced urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of post-renal failure?

    <p>Blocked catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with acute confusional state, which is a prevalent cause?

    <p>Low oxygen states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for fluid overload?

    <p>Frusemide administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is used for assessing renal failure?

    <p>Blood gas analysis (ABG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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