Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the FDA's antimicrobial stewardship efforts, which category of animals has historically received the most attention?
According to the FDA's antimicrobial stewardship efforts, which category of animals has historically received the most attention?
- Companion animals such as cats and dogs, due to their close contact with humans.
- Equine animals, due to their unique physiology and susceptibility to specific infections.
- Food-producing animals, due to concerns about antimicrobial resistance in the food supply. (correct)
- Zoo animals, due to the need to maintain healthy populations for conservation purposes.
What is the critical implication for veterinarians who fail to adhere to ELDU regulations, particularly concerning prohibited drugs in food-producing animals?
What is the critical implication for veterinarians who fail to adhere to ELDU regulations, particularly concerning prohibited drugs in food-producing animals?
- They will be required to attend additional continuing education courses on regulatory compliance.
- They may face temporary suspension of their veterinary license, but can continue to practice under supervision.
- Their actions may lead to increased scrutiny from regulatory bodies, but malpractice insurance will cover associated fines.
- Their malpractice insurance will not cover illegal acts, leaving them personally liable for any resulting damages or legal consequences. (correct)
How does the CPG 615.115 specifically guide in-feed drug use in minor species, and what species is it most used for?
How does the CPG 615.115 specifically guide in-feed drug use in minor species, and what species is it most used for?
- It provides specific instructions for calculating dosages, especially used in cervids.
- It establishes extra-label drug use protocols, especially used in poultry.
- It regulates the use of controlled substances in feed, especially used in aquaculture.
- It offers step-by-step guidance for in-feed drug extra-label use, especially used in sheep and goats. (correct)
A veterinarian is treating a backyard flock of chickens and needs to use a medication via extra-label drug use (ELDU). What critical regulatory consideration must they keep in mind?
A veterinarian is treating a backyard flock of chickens and needs to use a medication via extra-label drug use (ELDU). What critical regulatory consideration must they keep in mind?
A client brings in a sick rabbit and asks for a chloramphenicol prescription. What is the most appropriate course of action for the veterinarian?
A client brings in a sick rabbit and asks for a chloramphenicol prescription. What is the most appropriate course of action for the veterinarian?
A veterinarian is consulted regarding treatment options for a honeybee colony. Considering the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD), what is a key factor to consider when prescribing medications?
A veterinarian is consulted regarding treatment options for a honeybee colony. Considering the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD), what is a key factor to consider when prescribing medications?
A veterinarian is treating a backyard herd consisting of goats and sheep. When determining appropriate medication use, including the use of medicated feeds, what is the most important aspect to consider?
A veterinarian is treating a backyard herd consisting of goats and sheep. When determining appropriate medication use, including the use of medicated feeds, what is the most important aspect to consider?
You are advising a client who raises bison for meat consumption on the use of medications for their herd. How does the AMDUCA factor into your decision-making when prescribing medications?
You are advising a client who raises bison for meat consumption on the use of medications for their herd. How does the AMDUCA factor into your decision-making when prescribing medications?
A veterinarian is advising a client on the appropriate use of drugs in egg-laying chickens. What should the veterinarian emphasize regarding drug use, considering zero-day withdrawal times (WDT) for eggs?
A veterinarian is advising a client on the appropriate use of drugs in egg-laying chickens. What should the veterinarian emphasize regarding drug use, considering zero-day withdrawal times (WDT) for eggs?
A veterinarian is asked to treat a captive cervid (deer family) for commercial food production. What regulatory point should they consider?
A veterinarian is asked to treat a captive cervid (deer family) for commercial food production. What regulatory point should they consider?
How should a veterinarian approach the use of antimicrobial drugs in backyard food animals to align with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship?
How should a veterinarian approach the use of antimicrobial drugs in backyard food animals to align with the principles of antimicrobial stewardship?
How should veterinarians manage slaughter withdrawal times (WDTs) for backyard food animals to adhere to AMDUCA regulations?
How should veterinarians manage slaughter withdrawal times (WDTs) for backyard food animals to adhere to AMDUCA regulations?
If a tolerance for a drug is not established in a specific animal species, what implications does this have under FDA regulations if any residue is detected?
If a tolerance for a drug is not established in a specific animal species, what implications does this have under FDA regulations if any residue is detected?
What action should a veterinarian take if they are uncertain about the legality of a particular drug use in a minor food-producing species?
What action should a veterinarian take if they are uncertain about the legality of a particular drug use in a minor food-producing species?
Under which circumstance might a wildlife biologist need to obtain a DEA number, and what additional stipulation applies to their controlled capture drug usage?
Under which circumstance might a wildlife biologist need to obtain a DEA number, and what additional stipulation applies to their controlled capture drug usage?
What critical advice should a veterinarian give to new backyard livestock owners to promote responsible antimicrobial use and stewardship?
What critical advice should a veterinarian give to new backyard livestock owners to promote responsible antimicrobial use and stewardship?
What is the implication of the FDA releasing a request for public comments regarding antimicrobial usage in companion animals (cats, dogs, horses)?
What is the implication of the FDA releasing a request for public comments regarding antimicrobial usage in companion animals (cats, dogs, horses)?
What is primarily considered when determining if a laying hen is a laying hen according to FDA regulations?
What is primarily considered when determining if a laying hen is a laying hen according to FDA regulations?
Why is understanding the difference between "broiler chickens" and "laying hens" crucial in veterinary medicine, especially in backyard poultry settings?
Why is understanding the difference between "broiler chickens" and "laying hens" crucial in veterinary medicine, especially in backyard poultry settings?
Regarding on-label and extra-label drug use in honeybees, how are veterinarians' actions regulated?
Regarding on-label and extra-label drug use in honeybees, how are veterinarians' actions regulated?
A client is seeking advice on using tetracycline to treat their flock of laying hens. What guidance should the veterinarian provide, referring to the specific types of tetracycline products?
A client is seeking advice on using tetracycline to treat their flock of laying hens. What guidance should the veterinarian provide, referring to the specific types of tetracycline products?
What should a veterinarian do if they are presented with a species they are unfamiliar with and the client is requesting a medication?
What should a veterinarian do if they are presented with a species they are unfamiliar with and the client is requesting a medication?
Following the decision tree for appropriate antimicrobial use, what is the most important first step in antimicrobial stewardship?
Following the decision tree for appropriate antimicrobial use, what is the most important first step in antimicrobial stewardship?
How should a veterinarian balance the use of modern medicine with client requests and their personal experience?
How should a veterinarian balance the use of modern medicine with client requests and their personal experience?
Why is adherence to appropriate antimicrobial drug use important?
Why is adherence to appropriate antimicrobial drug use important?
What should a veterinarian consider if a WDT, withdrawal time, cannot be obtained?
What should a veterinarian consider if a WDT, withdrawal time, cannot be obtained?
What is a critical factor to emphasize when treating rabbits for meat consumption?
What is a critical factor to emphasize when treating rabbits for meat consumption?
Why is understanding and referring to FARAD species pages important for veterinarians?
Why is understanding and referring to FARAD species pages important for veterinarians?
According to 21 CFR Part 556, what are tolerances?
According to 21 CFR Part 556, what are tolerances?
When is 615.115 important?
When is 615.115 important?
What best summarizes important reminders for backyard veterinarians?
What best summarizes important reminders for backyard veterinarians?
How should you proceed if you don't know the VCPR rules?
How should you proceed if you don't know the VCPR rules?
What does it mean if the honeybee drugs are UNAPPROVED?
What does it mean if the honeybee drugs are UNAPPROVED?
What is primarily true about backyard livestock?
What is primarily true about backyard livestock?
In minor species, when do you still need a WDT, withdrawal time?
In minor species, when do you still need a WDT, withdrawal time?
For backyard vets, which aspect is most important?
For backyard vets, which aspect is most important?
Flashcards
Antimicrobial Stewardship
Antimicrobial Stewardship
A process ensuring responsible antimicrobial use to combat resistance.
Appropriate Diagnostics
Appropriate Diagnostics
Diagnostics and functional case definition are a veterinarian's responsibility.
VFD Drug
VFD Drug
A medically important antimicrobial drug for animals.
Prohibited ELDU
Prohibited ELDU
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WDT
WDT
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Slaughter WDT
Slaughter WDT
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Tolerances for Residues
Tolerances for Residues
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Violative Residue
Violative Residue
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Animal Drugs @ FDA
Animal Drugs @ FDA
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FARAD
FARAD
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Chickens & Turkeys
Chickens & Turkeys
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CPG 615.115
CPG 615.115
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Think Before Prescribing
Think Before Prescribing
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VCPR
VCPR
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Food-producing Minor Species
Food-producing Minor Species
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Minor Species - Birds
Minor Species - Birds
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Minor Species - Reptiles
Minor Species - Reptiles
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Minor Species - Fish
Minor Species - Fish
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Minor Species - Crustaceans
Minor Species - Crustaceans
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Minor Species - Mollusks
Minor Species - Mollusks
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Minor Species - Insects
Minor Species - Insects
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ELDU Prohibited Drugs
ELDU Prohibited Drugs
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FDA on AMU in Companions
FDA on AMU in Companions
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Major Species
Major Species
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Study Notes
Pharmaceutical Use in Backyard Food Animals
- Backyard livestock clients may lack experience and mentors
- Bucket calf projects often involve insufficient milk replacer
- People may be unaware of Salmonella and Cryptosporidium risks from bucket calves and Salmonella from chickens
- Ring worm on calves is another issue that can be found at county fairs
Responsible Antibiotic Use in All Species
- There is a responsibility to use appropriate diagnostics and to establish an accurate and functional case definition
- See if a non-antibiotic alternative exists to prevent, control, or treat the disease challenge
- If no alternative exists, select an antibiotic that has been demonstrated to be safe and effective
- Make sure the antibiotic use is safe and effective
- Check that using the antibiotic is still necessary
Potential Problems
- Using injectable enrofloxacin in a chicken flock, results in fluoroquinolone Salmonella infection in a family member, which can cause hospitalization
Major Food Animal Species
- Cattle, swine, chickens, and turkeys are major food animal species
Step-by-Step Instructions for In-Feed Drug Extralabel Use in Minor Species (CPG 615.115)
- Use of CPG 615.115 is common for sheep and goats.
- The basics are: Mammal to mammal, Bird to bird, Fish to fish
- Write as for the major species
- Include special instructions or other information on the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) form, and include an accompanying document.
Slaughter Withdrawal Times (WDT)
- Small producer animals may enter commercial food channels, be consumed by owners, or sold direct-to-consumer
- Slaughter WDTs are important for safety and regulatory purposes
- Without a WDT from FARAD or literature, AMDUCA regulations prohibit the animal's entry into the food chain
Tolerances for Residues of New Animal Drugs in Food
- Refer to 21 CFR (code of federal regulations) Part 556 for tolerances
Tolerance for Drugs
- If a tolerance does not exist for a specific drug in a specific animal, any detected residue via any method violates regulations
Resources
- Animal Drugs @ FDA Link: https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/views/#/search
- FARAD Link: http://www.farad.org/
Chickens and Turkeys
- 615.115 does not apply to chickens or turkeys, which are major food animal species
- Drugs prohibited for Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) in food animals directly apply to chickens and turkeys
- There is a difference when it comes to drugs approved for broilers compared to laying hens
- 21 approved drugs exist for egg-laying chickens where the eggs are consumed
- Approved drugs for layers have a zero-day WDT for eggs
Chlortetracycline Products
- Aureomycin (NADA 048-761) and Deracin (NADA 200-510) are chlortetracycline products that are in-feed products
- Water-soluble tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline products are not labeled for chickens producing eggs for human consumption
- If considering off-label use, obtain an egg withdrawal time from FARAD
Honey Bees
- More diseases are possible than just American and European Foulbrood
- The VFD process may be used, but numerous approved drugs are water-soluble, which requires a prescription instead of a VFD
Use of 615.115 and Wildlife
- 615.115 applies to confined wildlife but not wildlife in the wild
- The United States has a growing captive cervid industry
- Wildlife biologists with a DEA number to get controlled capture drugs must use drugs under a VCPR
Tips for responsible backyard animal medicine
- Think before prescribing and ensure antimicrobial stewardship requirements are met
- Know your food animals, ELDU prohibitions, and associated regulations
- Know if a drug is on-label or off-label.
- If using 615.115, get a withdrawal time for the minor food animal species being treated by VFD.
- Chloramphenicol Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) is prohibited in food animals, including minor food animal species.
- Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) of fluoroquinolones is prohibited in all food animal species.
- Rabbits have only two approved drugs -- a lasalocid product and a sulfaquinoxaline product
- With nonruminant herbivores, know the rules concerning penicillin, macrolides, and Lincosamides
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