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Questions and Answers
Excess sulfite is necessary to prevent:
Excess sulfite is necessary to prevent:
- pitting (correct)
- acidity
- carry over
- hardness
Mixing ethylene glycol with propylene glycol can cause:
Mixing ethylene glycol with propylene glycol can cause:
- organic acids to form
- biological fouling
- premature freezing to occur
- inhibitors to precipitate out (correct)
This type of corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact with one another and surrounded by an electrolyte:
This type of corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact with one another and surrounded by an electrolyte:
- high temperature corrosion
- electrochemical corrosion
- galvanic corrosion (correct)
- intergranular corrosion
Solids fouling in a chiller system can usually be avoided by the use of:
Solids fouling in a chiller system can usually be avoided by the use of:
Two methods mostly used for cycle control are:
Two methods mostly used for cycle control are:
This is a measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water:
This is a measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium ions present in the water:
A low cost way to remove suspended solids, normally associated with ground water, is by use of a:
A low cost way to remove suspended solids, normally associated with ground water, is by use of a:
A method of treatment, which is often used in conjunction with settling tanks, is:
A method of treatment, which is often used in conjunction with settling tanks, is:
Scaling in cooling towers is not as severe as in boilers because:
Scaling in cooling towers is not as severe as in boilers because:
Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are known as:
Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are known as:
Foaming of water in the boiler:
Foaming of water in the boiler:
As water freezes, its volume expands by about:
As water freezes, its volume expands by about:
What type of chemical is fed into a boiler system using a gravity drip feeder:
What type of chemical is fed into a boiler system using a gravity drip feeder:
Dissolved solids in raw water:
Dissolved solids in raw water:
Boiler water with a pH of 6 is considered:
Boiler water with a pH of 6 is considered:
Chemicals are usually fed to a water tube boiler:
Chemicals are usually fed to a water tube boiler:
When cooling water evaporates it tends to:
When cooling water evaporates it tends to:
Neutralizing amines work by doing this:
Neutralizing amines work by doing this:
The addition of sulphites to remove oxygen in boiler water is known as:
The addition of sulphites to remove oxygen in boiler water is known as:
Which of the following is an example of suspended solids?
Which of the following is an example of suspended solids?
The maintenance of the appropriate ratio of dissolved solids in the circulation water to the dissolved solids in the make-up feedwater is known as:
The maintenance of the appropriate ratio of dissolved solids in the circulation water to the dissolved solids in the make-up feedwater is known as:
Mechanical deaeration:
Mechanical deaeration:
Corrosion coupons used in cooling and heating systems should be removed and tested every:
Corrosion coupons used in cooling and heating systems should be removed and tested every:
When handling corrosion coupons it is important to:
When handling corrosion coupons it is important to:
To prevent solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system the condensate passes through a:
To prevent solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system the condensate passes through a:
This type of corrosion control is not volatile and is injected directly into the steam line:
This type of corrosion control is not volatile and is injected directly into the steam line:
This is commonly added to water to prevent freezing during low temperatures:
This is commonly added to water to prevent freezing during low temperatures:
Corrosion products in feedwater can cause:
Corrosion products in feedwater can cause:
Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occurs as deterioration of the:
Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occurs as deterioration of the:
Total alkalinity must be kept below a maximum level to avoid: (Select all that apply)
Total alkalinity must be kept below a maximum level to avoid: (Select all that apply)
The two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants are:
The two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants are:
Sludge conditioning in a boiler:
Sludge conditioning in a boiler:
One disadvantage of glycol in a system is:
One disadvantage of glycol in a system is:
The regenerant used to regenerate an anion demineralizer is:
The regenerant used to regenerate an anion demineralizer is:
A common metal used for sacrificial anodes is:
A common metal used for sacrificial anodes is:
This can be seen as a measure of how easily an electron can be removed from the metal:
This can be seen as a measure of how easily an electron can be removed from the metal:
A measure of the cloudiness of the water is known as:
A measure of the cloudiness of the water is known as:
Which of the following are the primary condensate tests operators should perform? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are the primary condensate tests operators should perform? (Select all that apply)
Cooling towers by design use:
Cooling towers by design use:
In order to prevent the waste of steam through a deaerator vent, the component used is:
In order to prevent the waste of steam through a deaerator vent, the component used is:
Flashcards
Pitting Prevention
Pitting Prevention
Excess sulfite prevents corrosion that creates small holes.
Glycol Mixing Issues
Glycol Mixing Issues
Mixing these glycols can cause corrosion inhibitors to come out of solution.
Galvanic Corrosion
Galvanic Corrosion
Corrosion caused by electrical contact between different metals in an electrolyte.
Preventing Solids Fouling
Preventing Solids Fouling
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Cycle Control Methods
Cycle Control Methods
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Water Hardness
Water Hardness
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Sedimentation
Sedimentation
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Filtration
Filtration
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Cooling Tower Scaling
Cooling Tower Scaling
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Chillers
Chillers
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Boiler Anti-Foaming Strategy
Boiler Anti-Foaming Strategy
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Water Expansion on Freezing
Water Expansion on Freezing
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Gravity Drip Feeder Chemicals
Gravity Drip Feeder Chemicals
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Effects of Dissolved Solids
Effects of Dissolved Solids
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Condensate Tests
Condensate Tests
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Study Notes
Preventing Issues with Sulfite
- Excess sulfite prevents pitting.
Glycol Mixtures
- Mixing ethylene glycol with propylene glycol causes inhibitors to precipitate out.
Galvanic Corrosion
- Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in electrical contact in the presence of an electrolyte.
Avoiding Solid Fouling
- Using strainers or filters avoids solids fouling in a chiller system.
Cycle Control Methods
- Makeup proportional blowdown and conductivity based blowdown are used for cycle control.
Hardness Measurement
- Hardness measures the amount of calcium and magnesium ions in water.
Suspended Solids Removal
- Using a settling pond is a low-cost way to remove suspended solids, usually from groundwater.
Treatment Methods with Settling Tanks
- Filtration is often used with settling tanks.
Scaling Differences
- Scaling is less severe in cooling towers than in boilers because the operating temperatures are much lower.
Heat Exchangers
- Heat exchangers that use water to cool a process fluid are chillers.
Boiler Foaming
- Foaming of water in the boiler can be controlled by continuous blowdowns.
Water Expansion Upon Freezing
- As water freezes, its volume expands by about 9%.
Chemical Feed Method
- Powdered or liquid chemicals are fed into a boiler system using a gravity drip feeder.
Effects of Dissolved Solids
- Dissolved solids in raw water can cause hot spots or scale.
pH of Boiler Water
- Boiler water with a pH of 6 is acidic.
Chemical Feeding in Water Tube Boilers
- Chemicals are usually fed to a water tube boiler using a small positive displacement pump.
Effects of Cooling Water Evaporation
- When cooling water evaporates, it leaves dissolved solids behind.
Neutralizing Amines
- Neutralizing amines work by increasing the pH.
Oxygen Removal in Boiler Water
- Adding sulfites to remove oxygen in boiler water is known as scavenging.
Suspended Solids Example
- Sand is an example of suspended solids.
Ratio Maintenance
- Maintaining the appropriate ratio of dissolved solids in the circulation water to the dissolved solids in the make-up feedwater is cycling control.
Mechanical Deaeration
- Mechanical deaeration removes dissolved gases from the water.
Corrosion Coupon Testing
- Corrosion coupons in cooling and heating systems should be tested every one to three months.
Handling Corrosion Coupons
- When handling corrosion coupons, avoid touching them with bare hands.
Prevention in Boiler Systems
- To prevent solids of chlorides, silica, and iron from entering the boiler system, condensate passes through a condensate polisher.
Corrosion Control
- Film-forming amines are a type of corrosion control that is not volatile and are injected directly into the steam line.
Preventing Freezing
- Glycol is commonly added to water to prevent freezing during low temperatures.
Feedwater Corrosion Products
- Corrosion products in feedwater can cause caustic embrittlement.
Biological Attacks on Cooling Towers
- Biological attacks on cooling tower wood mainly occur as deterioration of the cellulose.
Avoiding Total Alkalinity
- Total alkalinity must be kept below a maximum level to avoid corrosion, caustic embrittlement, and carryover.
Types of Glycol
- The two main types of glycol used to prevent freezing in operating plants are ethylene and propylene.
Conditioning Boilers
- Sludge conditioning in a boiler prevents sludge precipitates from adhering to the boiler plates and tubes.
Concerns in Systems
- One disadvantage of glycol in a system is that corrosion is increased in the presence of oxygen.
Demineralizers
- Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) regenerates an anion demineralizer.
Sacrificial Anodes
- Zinc is a common metal used for sacrificial anodes.
Electron Removal
- Electrochemical potential measures how easily an electron can be removed from a metal.
Water CLoudiness
- Turbidity measures the cloudiness of water.
Condensate Tests
- Conductivity and pH are primary condensate tests operators should perform.
Cooling Towers
- Cooling towers by design use lots of water.
Preventing Steam Waste
- In order to prevent the waste of steam through a deaerator vent, a vent condenser is used.
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