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Questions and Answers
What was the general principle regarding criminal liability for children under Roman law?
What was the key distinction made between adult and juvenile offenders under Anglo-Saxon common law?
What was the key change in the definition of "infantia" under Roman law over time?
What was the key principle regarding criminal liability for children between the ages of seven and puberty under Roman law?
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What was the key distinction made between the age of puberty for boys and girls under Roman law?
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What was the key principle regarding criminal liability for children under the age of seven under Anglo-Saxon common law?
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What was the key principle regarding criminal liability for children under the age of seven under Roman law?
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What was the key principle regarding criminal liability for children above the age of puberty under Roman law?
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Study Notes
Role Diffusion
- Occurs when youths experience personal uncertainty, spread themselves too thin, and place themselves at the mercy of leaders who promise to give them a sense of identity they cannot mold for themselves.
Categories of Delinquent Youth
- Social (Socialized): Become delinquent due to association with people who teach deviant values, and later become aggressive towards authority.
- Neurotic: Become delinquent due to distortion in their personality and perception of the world, internalizing conflicts and pre-occupied with their own feelings.
- Psychotic: Have severe personality disorders, significantly distorted perception of society, and are likely to commit acts of violence, including murder.
- Sociopathic: Characterized by egocentric personality, with limited or no compassion for others, often found in violent gangsters.
- Accidental: Less identifiable, essentially socialized law-abiding, but happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time and becomes involved in delinquent acts.
Types of Delinquents
- Conformist: Learn delinquent behavior from other members of their own primary group.
- Non-Conformist: Rebels against their law-abiding primary group, influenced by peer groups.
Classes of Delinquency
- Environmental Delinquent: Occasional law breakers, known as occasional law breakers.
- Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquent: Chronic law breakers who make breaking laws a habit.
- Psychiatric Delinquent: Related to serious emotional disturbances in the family or to mental ill health.
Groups in Delinquency
- Membership Group: Recognized by others as belonging.
- Reference Group: One that employs a person's attitude and behavior, regardless of whether they are recognized as members.
Approaches to Delinquency
- Biogenic Approach: Law violations and delinquency are a result of physical defects, advocating for support from family, friends, and acceptance of the community.
- Psychogenic Approach: Personality problems are critical factors in delinquency, advocating for counseling to curtail juvenile misbehavior.
- Sociogenic Approach: Delinquency patterns are ascribed to social structures.
Causes of Behavioral Disorder
- Predisposing Factors: Internal propensities that may not be considered criminal unless attempted.
- Precipitating Factors: Conditions and elements that provoke crimes, such as personal problems, curiosity, ignorance, necessities, and diseases.
Socialization Process
- Emphasis should be placed on preventive policies facilitating the successful socialization and integration of all children and young persons.
- Due respect should be given to the proper personal development of children and young persons, and they should be accepted as full and equal partners in socialization and integration process.
Special Classification of Child
- Dependent Child: Without parent, guardian, or custodian, or whose parents desire to be relieved of their care and custody, dependent on the public for support.
- Abandoned: No proper parental care or guardianship, deserted for at least 6 continuous months.
- Neglected: Basic needs have been deliberately unattended or inadequately attended, including physical, emotional, or mental neglect.
Historical Perspective of Juvenile Delinquency
- Code of Hammurabi: Oldest known code, discussed runaways, children who disowned their parents, and sons who cursed their fathers, severely punished.
- Roman Law and Canon Law: Made distinction between juveniles and adults based on the notion "age of responsibility" around 2000 years ago.
- Ancient Jewish Law: Specified conditions under which immaturity was to be considered in imposing punishment, with no corporal punishment prior to puberty.
- Codification of Roman Law: In the fifth century B.C, resulted in the "Twelve Tables", with children classified as "infans", "proximus infantiae", and held criminally responsible for violation of law.
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Description
Test your knowledge on role diffusion in youth and the categories of delinquent youth, including socialized delinquents. Explore how personal uncertainty and association with deviant values can lead to delinquent behavior.
