Youth Criminal Justice Act Overview

<p>They require consideration of the unique circumstances of Indigenous youth in the justice system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issuing a warning or referring the youth to a community program. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sentence must be proportionate to the offence and the youth’s level of responsibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The young person committed a violent offence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to comply with previous non-custodial sentences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A judicial reprimand is a warning, and an absolute discharge means no further action is taken and no criminal record is made. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To account for varying crime rates, and that similar sentences apply to others in the same region with similar circumstances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sentence for a young person cannot be harsher than what an adult would receive for the same crime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure they attend court appearances while awaiting trial, similar to adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the crime committed is so serious that the sentences in the YCJA are not sufficient enough to hold the young person accountable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To circumvent the 60-day limit for solitary confinement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SIUs mandated a window in the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 15 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corrections Canada settled a wrongful death suit for $11 million. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increased her mental health problems and self-harming behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offering de-escalation support, managing risks of harm, addressing behaviors like theft, and intervening physically when necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease the involvement of law enforcement and reduce the potential for criminalization of mental health issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensive Rehabilitative Custody and Supervision Order (IRCS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive peer relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They don't reveal the types of offenses for which female youth are increasingly charged, such as minor assaults. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rates of violent crime committed by female youth have remained stable, without a notable increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher rates of abuse and come from economically and socially disadvantaged backgrounds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Females are less likely to receive custodial sentences than males. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural expectations have shaped perceptions of female and male behavior, leading to less focus on female offending. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their brains are not fully developed, limiting their understanding and intent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By raising awareness and advocating for policies and laws to address the needs of neglected and orphaned children. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat children as misguided individuals in need of help and guidance rather than as criminals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state acts as a parent, intervening in the lives of children in their best interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interpretation of 'best interest of the child' varied, and girls could be arrested for 'sexual immorality' while boys could not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To balance the needs and rights of children while also holding them accountable for their actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A social worker recommends a young offender be placed in a foster home rather than a detention center, considering the child's emotional and developmental needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlighted criticisms of the JDA, leading to the introduction of the Young Offenders Act (YOA). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A judge consistently imposes harsher penalties on immigrant children compared to their Canadian-born peers for similar offenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A law aimed at youth offenders aged 12 to 18, focusing on rehabilitation and crime prevention.

Legislation enacted in 2003 to reduce incarceration for youth and protect their rights.

Informal options for police to handle youth offenders without entering the formal justice system.

Concerns included lack of crime prevention, ineffective handling of violent youth, and reliance on custody.

Guidelines ensuring considerations for Indigenous youth in the justice system.

Legal principle stating children under seven lack capacity for evil intent.

Doctrine that the state acts as a guardian for those unable to care for themselves.

Legislation enacted in 1908 focusing on the welfare of youth, treating them as misguided, not criminals.

Concerns about inconsistent interpretations of 'best interest' and lack of due process in youth justice.

Social norms influencing perceptions and behaviors of male and female youth offending.

Evolution of policies addressing youth crime, beginning in the late 1800s with a focus on welfare.

Individuals under the age of 16 considered offenders under Canadian law post-1875.

Group of upper-class individuals in the late 1800s advocating for the welfare of neglected children.

Original legislation involved short imprisonment of up to three months for juvenile offenders.

1 in 5 Canadians experience mental health issues, affecting youth significantly.

Police often engage with young people during mental health crises for support and intervention.

Calls for reducing police involvement in mental health crisis situations.

The Youth Criminal Justice Act provides support for youth with mental health challenges in the justice system.

Youth offending is influenced by anti-social attitudes, peers, parenting, and school factors.

Increasing punishment for youth does not effectively lower recidivism rates.

Female youth are less likely to get custodial sentences and face different crime rates compared to males.

Half of delinquent youth commit offences before age 12, often from disadvantaged backgrounds.

A pivotal case of a young woman who died in prison after prolonged solitary confinement, highlighting systemic issues.

A form of solitary confinement in prisons where individuals are kept isolated from the general population for safety or punishment.

Areas similar to solitary confinement but require a window; inmates must have 4 hours outside daily.

International guidelines stating that solitary confinement over 15 days is considered torture and inhumane punishment.

Extensive solitary confinement leads to increased mental health problems and self-harm among inmates.

Special legal process requirements apply to individuals under 18.

A document that typically allows youth to be released after starting a legal process.

Youth can be granted bail but often with strict conditions to follow.

Guidelines ensuring youth sentences aren’t harsher than adults and are fair regionally.

Alternatives to custody for youth committing less serious crimes.

A formal warning given to a youth as a non-custodial sentence.

Youth can only be sentenced to custody under severe circumstances like violent crimes.

An adult sentence can apply if the young person's crime is extremely serious.