36-45 (Ali)

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What combination of elements best characterizes Fatuous Love according to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love?

Intimacy and passion

No intimacy, passion, or commitment

Intimacy and commitment

Passion and commitment (correct)

According to the Spillover Hypothesis, what significant benefit might one experience from cognitive gains at work?

Enhanced cognitive performance during non-working hours (correct)

Higher academic achievement

Improved social integration at work

Better resolution of intimate relationship conflicts

In comparison to heterosexual couples, how do gay and lesbian relationships tend to manage household chores?

In what kind of love relationship is only commitment present, often found in long-term relationships that have lost intimacy and passion?

Empty Love Signup and view all the answers

Which factor, not listed, might also influence a person's ability to complete college?

Family wealth Signup and view all the answers

Which critical skill is necessary for sustaining intimate relationships?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes fictive kin from other forms of relationships?

Lack of blood relationship Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by both intimacy and commitment but lacks physical attraction?

Companionate Love Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Responsible Stage in Schaie’s lifespan model of cognitive development?

Solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Reflection Thought?

Active, persistent, and careful consideration of information or beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of infertility in women?

Failure to produce ova Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the brain typically form new neurons, synapses, and dendritic connections?

Approximately 20-25 years Signup and view all the answers

Which type of coping involves addressing an issue head-on?

Problem-Focused Coping Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive development stage involves pursuing societal systems or social movements?

Executive Stage Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Postformal Thought?

Combination of intuition, emotion, and logic Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is associated with Dysmenorrhea?

Prostaglandin Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Reintegrative Stage in Schaie’s model?

Focusing on the most meaningful tasks Signup and view all the answers

What does Emotional Intelligence encompass?

Ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of retirement involves growth and contentment with one's new identity?

Stability Phase: Retirement Routine Signup and view all the answers

Which need for meaning is associated with finding meaning through contributing to society and leaving a legacy?

Need for Self-Worth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes religiousness?

Affiliation with an organized religion and participation in its rituals and practices Signup and view all the answers

According to Viktor Frankl, which of the following is NOT one of the distinct human qualities?

Empathy Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves using stronger abilities to compensate for those that have weakened?

Selective Optimization with Compensation Signup and view all the answers

Which practice can help in preventing physical changes associated with normal aging?

Lifelong program of exercise Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Need for Purpose' focus on?

Goals and fulfillments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful aging?

Inactivity Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves redefining oneself and reassessing priorities?

Reorientation: The New You Signup and view all the answers

What is volunteerism best defined as?

Performing unpaid work for altruistic reasons Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a combination of retarded growth, face and body malformations, and disorders of the central nervous system?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk for babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy?

Low birth weight Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from fetal exposure to the parasite found in the bodies of cattle, sheep, and pigs, and in the intestinal tracts of cats?

Toxoplasmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are among those harmful to pregnant women?

Certain Barbiturates, Opiates, Acutane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely associated with diabetic mothers?

Heart and neural tube defects Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by sleep disturbance, tremors, difficulty regulating the body, irritability, and crying in newborns?

Neonate Abstinence Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential risks for newborns from older fathers?

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and ASD Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is almost certain to cause deafness and heart defects in babies?

Rubella Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications may arise with overweight women during childbirth?

Longer deliveries and increased need for health care services Signup and view all the answers

What does a score of 3 or below on the Apgar scale indicate?

An emergency where the baby might not survive. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with the genetic predisposition to asthma?

Low levels of vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What risk does early puberty NOT predict?

Higher executive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of hypertensive children?

They are more likely to have learning disabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which statement does NOT accurately describe Autism Spectrum Disorder?

It is the most common mental disorder in childhood Signup and view all the answers

Which parenting style emphasizes a child's individuality while also placing importance on limits?

Authoritative Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is described as a severe impairment in the ability to read and spell?

Dyslexia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to childhood obesity?

High IQ Signup and view all the answers

What is instrumental aggression typically used for?

To gain access to a desired object Signup and view all the answers

Which condition among school-age children is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is typically NOT linked to early puberty in children?

Low exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Role Theory, what influences sex differences in mate preferences?

Gender roles Signup and view all the answers

Which task in Donald Super's career development model involves developing a tentative vocational goal?

Crystallization Signup and view all the answers

What ability is associated with fluid intelligence?

Problem-solving with little or no prior knowledge Signup and view all the answers

When do people typically experience a peak in fluid intelligence?

Early adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What concept is characterized by the tendency to mate with someone who has similar traits?

Assortative Mating Signup and view all the answers

What phase of retirement might involve feelings of restlessness and aimlessness?

Disenchantment Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which form of intelligence increases throughout middle age and often until the end of life?

Crystallized intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is most likely to result in higher levels of satisfaction among middle-aged adults?

Scoring high in educational levels and having intact families Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that sex differences in mating behavior are based on the different investments in child rearing?

Parental Investment Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible benefit that employers might observe from workplace education?

Better problem-solving abilities Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is a hallmark of Anorexia Nervosa?

Severe underweight and distorted body image resulting in withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is NOT mentioned as affected by alcohol consumption during adolescence?

Hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a common consequence of a sedentary lifestyle in young people?

Enhanced cognitive control system Signup and view all the answers

Which coping strategy involves refusing to think about an issue or reframing it positively?

Emotion-Focused Coping Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary style is recommended to prevent obesity in young adults?

Mediterranean-style diet Signup and view all the answers

What is a recent trend in substance abuse among young people?

Abuse of nonprescription cough and cold medicine Signup and view all the answers

Which issue is most closely related to body image dissatisfaction?

Eating disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an effect of being physically active?

Increasing the risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the obesity epidemic among young adults?

High-protein diets Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of motor vehicle collisions among US teenagers?

Lack of experience and risky behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves slowed or arrested physical growth accompanied by poor developmental and emotional functioning without a known medical cause?

Nonorganic Failure to Thrive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of physical abuse in children?

Infliction of physical injury Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory Distress Syndrome commonly occurs due to which specific deficiency in preterm babies?

Surfactant Signup and view all the answers

Which practice involves skin-to-skin contact between a preterm baby and a parent to help stabilize the baby's vital signs?

Kangaroo Care Signup and view all the answers

A baby born before completing 37 weeks of gestation falls under which category?

Pre-term Infants Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by repeated involuntary urination at night by children old enough to have bladder control?

Enuresis Signup and view all the answers

Children exposed to tobacco smoke are more likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Wheezing symptoms and asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which category of children tend to be long due to continued growth in the womb but face issues due to insufficient blood supply towards the end of gestation?

Postmature Babies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the development of sleep problems in children?

Genetic inheritance Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to children who are of normal weight but shorter than their age should suggest and may have cognitive and physical deficiencies?

Stunted Children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to worsen during sleep deprivation?

Cognitive performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading preventable cause of death, illness, and poverty?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes social support?

Receiving material, information, and psychological resources from social networks Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage are individuals most sensitive to depressive disorders?

Adolescence and emerging adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What issue is typically more prevalent in women in their 30s or older, related to their menstrual cycle?

Premenstrual syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of infertility in women?

Low testosterone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that reduces long-term well-being after a divorce?

Negative reaction and slow adaptation to divorce Signup and view all the answers

In which area do most individuals from the LGBTQ+ community have clarity?

Sexual identity Signup and view all the answers

What is presbycusis primarily characterized by?

Gradual hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to osteoporosis in middle-aged adults?

Calcium depletion due to falling estrogen levels Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin?

Type 1 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not commonly associated with perimenopause?

Increased muscle strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the inability to focus on near objects?

Presbyopia Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to vital capacity around the age of 40?

It diminishes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not associated with the aging brain?

Increased volume of gray matter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for breast cancer in women?

Late pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following declines in men around the age of 30?

Testosterone levels and sperm count Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding women's health compared to men's health?

Women have lower death rates than men Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Young Adulthood

Stress can lead to risky behaviors, unhealthy eating, poor sleep, and more in young adults.
There are two coping strategies: Emotion-Focused Coping (managing emotions) and Problem-Focused Coping (addressing issues head-on).
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects women, causing physical discomfort and emotional tension before menstruation.
Infertility is the inability to conceive, with common causes in women including failure to produce ova, cervical mucus, or disease of the uterine lining.
Reflective Thinking involves active consideration of information, continually questioning facts, and drawing inferences.
Postformal Thought is characterized by dealing with inconsistency, contradiction, and compromise, and acknowledges multiple valid perspectives.

Cognitive Development

Schaie's Lifespan Model proposes five stages: Acquisitive, Achieving, Responsible, Executive, and Reintegrative.
The stages are characterized by the use of cognitive abilities to acquire information, achieve goals, take responsibility, lead others, and reorganize life.
There are four types of knowledge: Componential (analytical), Experiential (original thinking), Contextual (knowing one's way around), and Tacit (inside information, know-how).
Emotional Intelligence involves perceiving, using, understanding, and managing emotions to achieve goals.

Intimate Relationships

Intimate relationships require self-awareness, empathy, communication, conflict resolution, and commitment.
Friendships during young adulthood are less stable due to relocation and focus on work.
Women have more intimate friendships, while men share information and activities.
Fictive kin are treated as family members despite a lack of blood relationship.

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love

Love develops through a story, with three elements: Intimacy (emotional connection), Passion (motivational drive), and Commitment (cognitive decision).
The combinations of these elements result in different types of love, such as Nonlove, Liking, Infatuation, Empty Love, Companionate Love, Fatuous Love, Romantic Love, and Consummate Love.

Retirement

Clarity and purpose in retirement can be achieved through introspection, realistic expectations, and setting life goals.
Reorientation involves redefining oneself, reassessing priorities, and finding new purpose.
The stability phase involves growth, contentment, and settling into a new routine.
Finding meaning in life can lead to clear guidelines, motivation, and self-care.

Spirituality and Religion

Spirituality involves experiencing something beyond oneself, while religiousness involves affiliation with an organized religion.
Viktor Frankl emphasized the importance of spirituality, freedom, and responsibility.
Four main needs for meaning guide how people make sense of their lives: Purpose, Values, Efficacy, and Self-Worth.
Midlife Review, Selective Optimization with Compensation, and Associated Prosocial Behaviors are important in finding meaning.

Old Age

Successful Aging involves good physical health, retention of cognitive abilities, and continued engagement in social and productive activities.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) are essential for independent living.
Volunteerism and Religious Coping can contribute to better physical and mental health.

Financially Establishing Oneself

Married people tend to be happier than unmarried people.
Parental Investment Theory and Social Role Theory influence mate preferences.
Assortative Mating (Homogamy) involves mating with someone with similar traits.

Career Development

Donald Super's Career Development Tasks include Crystallization, Specialization, and Implementation.
Middle-aged individuals often experience satisfaction with their accomplishments.
Fluid Intelligence peaks in young adulthood, while Crystallized Intelligence increases throughout middle age.
Mature adults show increased competence in solving problems in their chosen field.

Specialized Knowledge or Expertise

Encapsulated knowledge is a form of crystallized intelligence.
Adults rely on experience-based thinking, which is related to Postformal Thought.
Expert thinking often seems automatic and intuitive.

Phased Retirement and Bridge Employment

Phased retirement involves reducing work hours or days over several years.
Bridge employment involves switching to another company or new line of work.
Employers benefit from workplace education in the form of improved morale, quality of work, and problem-solving abilities.

Literacy and Emotional Stages of Retirement

Literacy is crucial for participation in modern society.
The three emotional stages of retirement are Pre-Retirement, Honeymoon Phase, and Disenchantment Phase.### Wisdom
Characterized by exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge about the conditions of life and human affects
Involves reflective judgment about the application of knowledge
May lead to transcendence and detachment from preoccupation with the self
Enables individuals to navigate the messiness of life
Older adults tend to make the most of their abilities, often exploiting gains in one area to offset declines in another

Developmental Challenges and Milestones

Prenatal and Childhood

Prenatal

Maternal health and nutrition affect fetal development
- Underweight and overweight women have higher risk of complications
- Malnutrition leads to fetal growth restriction and low birth weight
Harmful substances during pregnancy:
- Thalidomide: stunted limbs, facial deformities, and defective organs
- Antibiotics, Barbiturates, Opiates, Acutane: harmful to fetal development
- Opioids: associated with small babies, fetal death, preterm labor, and aspiration of meconium
Neonate Abstinence Syndrome: sleep disturbances, tremors, difficulty regulating body, irritability, and crying
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: characterized by retarded growth, face and body malformations, and disorders of the central nervous system

Diabetic Mothers

Babies are more likely to have heart and neural tube defects
Stress and anxiety are associated with irritable and active temperament in newborns
Chronic stress can result in preterm delivery
Depression may cause premature birth or developmental delays
Chance of miscarriage or stillbirth rises with maternal age

Adolescent Mothers

Tend to have premature or underweight babies
Fetal exposure to low levels of environmental toxins may result in asthma, allergies, and lupus
X-Rays and certain substances may result in low-birth weight babies
Fathers' exposure to lead, marijuana, tobacco, radiation, and pesticides may affect sperm quality

Older Fathers

May be a significant source of birth defects due to damaged or deteriorated sperm
Breech Position: baby's buttocks emerge first from the vagina, causing respiratory problems
Complications: bleeding, infection, damage to pelvic organs, post-operative pains, and riskier future pregnancies
Apgar Scale: assesses newborn health at 1-5 minutes after birth

Anoxia

Lack of oxygen leading to permanent brain damage, mental retardation, behavior problems, or even death

Infancy and Toddlerhood

Very Low Birth Weight: less than 3 pounds 4 ounces
Extremely Low Birth Weight: less than 2 pounds
Pre-term Infants: born three weeks or more before full term
Small for Date Infants: birth weight below normal considering gestational age
Kangaroo Care: skin-to-skin contact to help stabilize preterm infants' heartbeat, temperature, and breathing

Childhood

Nonorganic Failure to Thrive: slowed or arrested physical growth with no known medical cause
Shaken Baby Syndrome: brain damage and death caused by shaking a baby
Respiratory Distress Syndrome: lack of surfactant, leading to collapsed air sacs
Postmature Babies: tend to be long and lean due to insufficient blood supply
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: unexplained death of an infant under age 1

Middle and Late Childhood

Tooth decay remains a common problem
Acute Medical Conditions: infections, warts, etc.
Chronic Medical Conditions: physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions persisting for 3 months or more, such as asthma and diabetes
Asthma: chronic, allergy-based respiratory disease
Diabetes: high blood sugar levels due to defective insulin production or action
Hypertension: high blood pressure, linked to learning disabilities and executive functioning problems

Adolescence

Influences on Obesity: overweight parents, poor nutrition, inactivity
Acute Medical Conditions: infections, warts, etc.
Chronic Medical Conditions: physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions persisting for 3 months or more, such as asthma and diabetes
Asthma: chronic, allergy-based respiratory disease
Diabetes: high blood sugar levels due to defective insulin production or action
Hypertension: high blood pressure, linked to learning disabilities and executive functioning problems

Adulthood

Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of poor mental health, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer
Sleep deprivation can affect concentration and school performance
Overweight teenagers tend to be in poorer health, experience difficulty attending school, and engage in strenuous activities
Body Image: highly linked to eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa: severe underweight and distorted body image
Bulimia Nervosa: binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, strict dieting, or excessive exercise
Binge-eating disorder: binge eating without purging

Middle Adulthood

Peers play a significant role in influencing behavior
Sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of poor mental health, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer
Sleep deprivation can affect concentration and school performance
Overweight individuals tend to be in poorer health, experience difficulty attending school, and engage in strenuous activities
Body Image: highly linked to eating disorders
Anorexia Nervosa: severe underweight and distorted body image
Bulimia Nervosa: binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, strict dieting, or excessive exercise
Binge-eating disorder: binge eating without purging### Hypertension and Chronic Diseases
High blood pressure is a major concern from midlife and the leading preventable cause of early death.
Cancer is the leading cause of death between ages 45 and 64, replacing heart disease.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type, developing after age 30, where cells lose their ability to use insulin.
Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile-onset diabetes, occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin.

Health Disparities

People with low socioeconomic status tend to have poorer health, shorter life expectancy, and more chronic disease.
Women have a higher life expectancy than men, but report being in fair or poor health more often.

Osteoporosis and Breast Cancer

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become thin and brittle due to calcium depletion, often linked to falling estrogen levels.
Good lifestyle habits can reduce the risk of osteoporosis if started early in life.
Breast cancer is responsible for the largest number of cancer-related deaths among women, with risk factors including overweight, alcoholism, and family history.

Lifestyle and Mental Health

Sleep deprivation affects cognitive, emotional, and social functioning, and worsens cognitive performance.
Smoking is a leading preventable cause of death, illness, and poverty, and may be genetic.
Alcoholism is a long-term physical condition characterized by compulsive drinking.

Developmental Stages

Adolescence and emerging adulthood are sensitive periods for depressive disorders.
Depression carried into adulthood is linked to childhood risk factors, including neurological disorders and dysfunctional families.

Social integration is active engagement in a broad range of relationships, activities, and roles.
Social support includes material, informational, and psychological resources from social networks.

Reproductive Health

Contraception methods include birth control pills, female sterilization, and condoms.
Sexual assault is a significant problem, including rape and date or acquaintance rape.
Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder that produces physical discomfort and emotional tension two weeks before menstruation.

Marriage and Family

Infertility is the inability to conceive, with common causes in women including failure to produce ova or disease of the uterine lining.
Marital satisfaction typically declines during the child-raising years, but combining work and family roles can be good for mental and physical health.
Reasons for divorce include incompatibility, lack of emotional support, and abuse.

Divorce and Remarriage

Divorce reduces long-term well-being, and people who are happily married tend to react negatively to divorce.
Remarriage can be a "triumph of hope over experience," but families with children have higher levels of conflict and are more likely to end in divorce.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the effects of stress on young adults, including unhealthy behaviors and poor sleep quality. Explore emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies and premenstrual syndrome.