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Questions and Answers

What term describes Bob, who has no higher education in psychology but volunteers on a suicide hotline, supervised by people with more training?

  • Paraprofessional (correct)
  • Psychiatric Nurse
  • Psychiatric Social Worker
  • Clinical Psychologist

    • What is Julianne's role after completing an MSW and working at a community hospital?

  • Paraprofessional
  • Psychiatric Nurse
  • Clinical Psychologist
  • Psychiatric Social Worker (correct)

    • What is Lyle's qualification at an outpatient clinic?

  • Paraprofessional
  • Counselor
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapist
  • Psychiatric Nurse (correct)

    • What is one outcome of using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to treat clients with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Clients remain in treatment longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for children with autism according to the outcomes after treatment?

    <p>Early language ability is associated with better outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a cognitive-behavioral therapist help Opal overcome her fear of driving?

    <p>Train her to relax and gradually expose her to fearful scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects do central nervous system stimulants like Ritalin have on children with ADHD?

    <p>Decrease distractibility and overactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements about using Applied Behavioral Analysis to treat children with autism are true?

    <p>Prolonged treatment leads to a gain in IQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the features of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia?

    <p>Both A and C are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is behavioral theory necessary alongside medication for treating schizophrenia?

    <p>Both B and C are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a systems approach in therapy?

    <p>Evaluate family dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do behaviors such as rewards, punishments, and token economies describe?

    <p>Behavioral therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy focuses on active listening and unconditional positive regard?

    <p>Humanistic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms of therapy involve cognitive restructuring and rational-emotive therapy?

    <p>Cognitive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapeutic approaches is associated with free association and dream analysis?

    <p>Psychodynamic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common approach in therapy where the therapist considers how the client's behavior affects family members?

    <p>Family therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many therapists follow a __________ approach, meaning that for each client they __________ based on __________.

    <ol> <li>eclectic</li> <li>use a variety of techniques</li> <li>what seems appropriate</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is used for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs includes atypical antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia?

    <p>Antipsychotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy emphasizes cognitive-behavioral training regarding the cognitive triad for depression?

    <p>Cognitive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is effective for treating phobia?

    <p>Systematic desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

    <p>Stimulants like Ritalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination is suggested for treating adolescent depression?

    <p>SSRIs combined with CBT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

    <p>Applied behavioral analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug class includes Valium and Xanax, used for anxiety purposes?

    <p>Anti-anxiety drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of antidepressants?

    <p>To increase positive mood and reduce emotional difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mood stabilizers?

    <p>To stabilize manic episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a stimulant used to decrease hyperactivity?

    <p>Adderall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'conventional' type of antipsychotic medication?

    <p>Reduces only positive symptoms of schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of using transcranial magnetic stimulation?

    <p>Does not involve anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes deep brain stimulation in treating severe depression?

    <p>Can lead to productive lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can behavioral therapy help treat clients with antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Therapist controls reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is borderline personality disorder difficult to treat?

    <p>Clients often blame others for their issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are psychotropic medications typically prescribed?

    <p>Based on trial-and-error clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatments have shown effectiveness for obsessive-compulsive disorders?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are criticisms of modern psychodynamic theory?

    <p>Both A and B are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SSRIs have been shown to ______ suicide rates in adolescents suffering from depression. However, there is ____________ risk of a suicide attempt if the dosage is too _________. Therefore, the best advice for those prescribing SSRIs for depression is to start ______, go ________.

    <ol> <li>reduce</li> <li>an increased</li> <li>high</li> <li>low</li> <li>slow</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about using cognitive-behavioral theory to treat depression?

    <p>Writing down negative thoughts helps in identifying issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some drawbacks of using Ritalin to treat ADHD?

    <p>Can be abused by those without ADHD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

    <p>Exposure and response prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment result for panic disorder in patients?

    <p>CBT has lower relapse compared to antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a non-effective treatment for phobias?

    <p>Long-term counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Typically has poor long-term outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mental Health Professions

    • Paraprofessionals assist in mental health settings without a higher education in psychology, such as volunteers on suicide hotlines.
    • Psychiatric social workers, trained with an MSW, connect individuals to essential mental health services in community hospitals.
    • Psychiatric nurses hold a bachelor's degree and provide care for clients with psychological disorders in outpatient clinics.

    Dialectal Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

    • DBT helps clients with borderline personality disorder by fostering self-reliance for support and validation.
    • Clients receiving DBT are more likely to persist in treatment and show reduced suicidal behavior.

    Autism Prognosis and Treatment

    • Higher IQ correlates with more favorable outcomes post-treatment, especially regarding autism.
    • Some children struggle to apply therapeutic learnings in real-life situations, impacting overall treatment efficacy.
    • Early development of language skills is linked to improved treatment outcomes for children with autism.

    Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

    • Systematic desensitization utilizes relaxation techniques followed by progressive exposure to feared driving scenarios in individuals with driving phobias.
    • Central nervous system stimulants like Ritalin enhance attention, reduceOveractivity, and improve social skills in children with ADHD.

    Applied Behavioral Analysis and Autism

    • Extended application of applied behavioral analysis can increase IQ and encourages specific, desired behaviors using operant conditioning.

    Antipsychotic Medications

    • Conventional antipsychotics primarily address positive symptoms of schizophrenia; side effects can include tardive dyskinesia.
    • Atypical antipsychotics treat both positive and certain negative symptoms more effectively.

    Importance of Behavioral Therapy

    • Alongside medication, behavioral therapy is essential to address social skills, emotional expression, and daily life management in schizophrenia patients.

    Therapy Approaches

    • Systems approach focuses on the family unit to address mental health issues.
    • Behavioral therapy employs rewards, punishments, and modeling to develop desired behaviors.
    • Humanistic therapy prioritizes active listening and unconditional positive regard.
    • Cognitive therapy involves restructuring and rational-emotive techniques.
    • Psychodynamic therapy uses methods like free association and dream analysis for subconscious conflict exploration.

    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

    • ECT is effective for treatment-resistant depression, providing quick results compared to traditional antidepressants.
    • Considerations exist regarding the potential harm to developing fetuses during treatment.

    Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Depression

    • CBT is effective for treating depression, helping clients identify and modify negative thought patterns, and can be beneficial when medications are ineffective or undesirable.

    Medication Classes

    • Antidepressants aim to enhance mood while minimizing arousal and emotional volatility; side effects can include sexual dysfunction and weight gain.
    • Mood stabilizers are used for bipolar disorder but may dull emotional responsiveness.
    • Stimulants like Adderall target hyperactivity and improve focus, typical in ADHD treatment.
    • Anti-anxiety medications, such as Valium and Xanax, may lead to addiction but provide temporary relief.

    Conditions for Effectiveness

    • Behavioral therapy for antisocial personality disorder is most successful under specific conditions, including client participation in group settings and controlled reinforcement strategies.

    Treatment for Various Disorders

    • Tricyclic antidepressants and exposure/response prevention are established treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
    • Patients with panic disorder benefit equally from CBT or antidepressants, but CBT results in lower relapse rates.
    • Exposure theories are effective for phobias, while anti-anxiety medications provide temporary relief before side effects arise.

    Critiques of Psychodynamic Therapy

    • Consensus exists around the limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy relative to other treatments, often requiring extended timeframes and significant financial investment.

    Suicide Risk Management

    • SSRIs can reduce suicide rates among depressed adolescents, but higher doses pose increased suicide attempt risks, highlighting the importance of cautious dosage management strategies.

    Conclusion

    • Multiple treatment avenues exist for mental health disorders, with varied effectiveness based on diagnosis, individual needs, and therapeutic or medication strategies employed.

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