Yellowstone River History
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Questions and Answers

What was the main reason most reports of boiling mud, steaming rivers, and petrified trees were ignored?

  • The reports were made by unknown explorers
  • They were thought to be exaggerated (correct)
  • They were believed to be myths
  • The reports were not supported by scientific evidence
  • What event hindered further organized explorations of the Yellowstone region in the 1860s?

  • The construction of the transcontinental railroad
  • The Mexican-American War
  • The American Civil War (correct)
  • The California Gold Rush
  • Who led the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition in 1870?

  • Gustavus Doane
  • Ferdinand V. Hayden
  • Nathaniel P. Langford
  • Henry Washburn (correct)
  • What was the outcome of Captain William F. Raynolds' 1859 expedition?

    <p>They were prevented from crossing the Continental Divide by heavy snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the geologist who convinced Congress to make Yellowstone a national park?

    <p>Ferdinand V. Hayden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the expedition that followed the Yellowstone River to Yellowstone Lake?

    <p>The Cook-Folsom-Peterson Expedition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition?

    <p>To collect specimens and name sites of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the guide for Captain William F. Raynolds' 1859 expedition?

    <p>Jim Bridger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the name 'Yellow Stone'?

    <p>It was a translation of the French name 'Roche Jaune' which was derived from the Hidatsa name 'Mi tsi a-da-zi'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age of the obsidian point found in Gardiner, Montana?

    <p>11,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Native American tribe did Lewis and Clark encounter in present-day Montana in 1805?

    <p>Nez Perce, Crow, and Shoshone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Colter observe in the northeastern section of the park during the winter of 1807-1808?

    <p>A geothermal area near Tower Fall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the place that John Colter described after surviving wounds in 1809?

    <p>Colter's Hell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary use of the obsidian found in the park by the Paleo-Indians?

    <p>To make tools and weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the obsidian trade between local tribes and tribes farther east?

    <p>Arrowheads made of Yellowstone obsidian were found as far away as the Mississippi Valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate time period when Native Americans began to hunt and fish in the region?

    <p>11,000 years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Yellowstone National Park Naming

    • The park gets its historical name from the Yellowstone River, which was named by French trappers as "Roche Jaune" (Yellow Stone).
    • The name is likely a translation of the Hidatsa name "Mi tsi a-da-zi" (Yellow Stone River).

    Native American History

    • Human history in the park began at least 11,000 years ago with Native Americans hunting and fishing in the region.
    • Paleo-Indians of the Clovis culture used obsidian from the park to make tools and weapons.
    • Obsidian points made in the park have been found as far away as the Mississippi Valley, indicating a trade network between tribes.

    Early Explorers

    • John Colter, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, was the first European American to explore the park in 1807-1808.
    • Colter described a geothermal area in the northeastern part of the park, which was initially dismissed as delirium.

    Early Reports and Exploration

    • Reports of boiling mud, steaming rivers, and petrified trees in the park were largely ignored as myths until the late 1860s.
    • Jim Bridger reported observing boiling springs and a mountain of glass and yellow rock in 1856, but his accounts were not believed due to his reputation as a "yarn spinner".

    Organized Exploration

    • Captain William F. Raynolds led a U.S. Army survey of the southern central Rockies in 1859, but was unable to cross the Continental Divide due to heavy snow.
    • The Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition of 1869 was the first detailed expedition to the Yellowstone area.
    • The Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition of 1870 explored the region, collected specimens, and named sites of interest.

    Ferdinand V. Hayden

    • Hayden was an American geologist who convinced Congress to make Yellowstone a national park in 1872.

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    Description

    Learn about the origins of the Yellowstone River's name and its historical significance. Discover the Native American and French influences on its naming.

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