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Questions and Answers
Who discovered the atom?
John Dalton
Who discovered the proton?
Who discovered the neutron?
Who discovered the electron?
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What does the atomic number represent?
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What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
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Where are electrons located in an atom?
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The mass number is the total number of protons and _____ in the nucleus.
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What is the formula to find the number of neutrons in an atom?
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In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of _____ .
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What is the charge of a proton?
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What is the symbol for atomic number?
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What is the mass of an electron?
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What is the electronic configuration for an atom with 6 protons?
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Study Notes
Scientists and Atomic Discoveries
- John Dalton is credited with the discovery of the atom.
- Information on the discoverers of the proton, neutron, and electron is not provided.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the fundamental units of matter.
- Each atom consists of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, the center of the atom.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in paths called shells.
Types of Subatomic Particles
- Protons: Charge +1, mass 1, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: Charge 0, mass 1, located in the nucleus.
- Electrons: Charge -1, mass 1/1840, found in shells around the nucleus.
- The number of nucleons is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Atomic Number
- The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the atomic number.
- Atomic number determines an element's position on the Periodic Table.
Atomic Mass
- The nucleon number (A) is the total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- Nucleon number is also known as mass number.
- The number of neutrons can be calculated as: Number of neutrons = Mass number - Protons.
Atomic Notation
- Atomic notation presents an element's atomic and mass numbers.
- The Atomic Number (proton number) is usually displayed above the element symbol, while the relative atomic mass is shown below.
Finding Subatomic Particles
- The number of protons can be determined from the atomic number.
- In neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- Neutron count can be calculated using: Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons.
Elements and Their Protons
- Each element is defined by its unique number of protons.
- Examples: Helium has 2 protons, Lithium has 3 protons, Gold has 79 protons.
- Proton number and atomic number are synonymous.
Periodic Table Insights
- Elements are organized in the Periodic Table by their atomic (proton) numbers.
- Example notation for Carbon:
- Proton number: 6
- Nucleon number: 12
- Neutron number: 6
- Electron configuration: 2, 4
- Group: 4, Period: 2
Shells and Configuration
- Atoms have shells which accommodate electrons.
- The arrangement of electrons in these shells influences the chemical properties of the element.
Example of Boron Structure
- Boron (B) has a proton count of 5 and a mass number of 11, indicating its composition of particles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties of materials and atomic structure from Year 9 Science. This quiz covers key concepts including the discovery of atoms and their components. Perfect for students aiming to solidify their understanding of basic chemistry concepts.
