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Questions and Answers
What is a key indicator that a chemical change has occurred?
What is a key indicator that a chemical change has occurred?
Which of the following best describes a combination reaction?
Which of the following best describes a combination reaction?
Which reaction type involves the formation of a precipitate?
Which reaction type involves the formation of a precipitate?
How is mass conserved in a balanced chemical equation?
How is mass conserved in a balanced chemical equation?
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What is the formula for carbon dioxide?
What is the formula for carbon dioxide?
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Which of the following defines a decomposition reaction?
Which of the following defines a decomposition reaction?
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What products are typically formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
What products are typically formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
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Which of the following is a strong indicator of hydrogen gas during an experiment?
Which of the following is a strong indicator of hydrogen gas during an experiment?
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What is one method to determine experimentally if a gas is carbon dioxide?
What is one method to determine experimentally if a gas is carbon dioxide?
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Provide a balanced formula equation for the combustion of methane.
Provide a balanced formula equation for the combustion of methane.
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What are the products of a reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
What are the products of a reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
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Explain how to predict the formation of a precipitate using solubility rules.
Explain how to predict the formation of a precipitate using solubility rules.
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Define a combination reaction and provide an example.
Define a combination reaction and provide an example.
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What role do activity series play in predicting metal displacement reactions?
What role do activity series play in predicting metal displacement reactions?
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Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate.
Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate.
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What are common indicators that a chemical reaction has occurred?
What are common indicators that a chemical reaction has occurred?
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What are the formulas for the ammonium ion and the sulfate ion?
What are the formulas for the ammonium ion and the sulfate ion?
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Describe the importance of balancing chemical equations.
Describe the importance of balancing chemical equations.
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Study Notes
Types of Change
- Evidence of a chemical change includes color change, gas production, formation of a precipitate, and temperature change.
- Reactants are substances consumed in a reaction, while products are the substances formed.
Conservation of Mass
- In a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products, illustrating the conservation of mass.
Combustion Reactions
- Combustion involves a substance reacting with oxygen, producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Write word equations (e.g., methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water) and balanced formula equations (e.g., CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O) for combustion.
Decomposition and Combination Reactions
- Decomposition reactions involve breaking down a compound into simpler products (e.g., CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂).
- Combination reactions involve two or more reactants forming a single product (e.g., H₂ + O₂ → H₂O).
- Experimentally, carbon dioxide can be detected with limewater, turning cloudy when CO₂ is present.
Precipitation Reactions
- Precipitates form when two soluble salts react in solution, resulting in an insoluble product.
- Solubility rules help predict precipitate formation, such as the reaction of barium chloride and sodium sulfate forming barium sulfate.
- Write equations for these reactions, showing both word forms and balanced chemical equations.
- Balanced equations confirm that mass is conserved through the reaction.
Writing and Balancing Equations
- Learn to write word equations and balanced formulas for various reactions, ensuring the same number of atoms for each element on both sides.
- Identify states of reactants and products: solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or aqueous (aq).
- Recall formulas for ions like ammonium (NH₄⁺), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), hydroxide (OH⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻).
- Common molecules: water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), oxygen (O₂), hydrogen (H₂), nitrogen (N₂), and carbon monoxide (CO).
Reactions of Acids
- Common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
- When acids react with bases, they produce salt and water; with active metals, hydrogen gas is formed; with metal carbonates, carbon dioxide is produced.
- Write relevant word and balanced formula equations for these acid reactions.
- Experimental tests: hydrogen is identifiable by a 'pop' sound with a lighted splint, whereas oxygen rekindles a glowing splint.
Metal Reactivity
- An activity series ranks metals based on their reactivity relative to each other (e.g., potassium is more reactive than copper).
- Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
- Write equations for displacement reactions, indicating the reactants and products clearly.
Skills Development
- Be able to formulate an aim and hypothesis for experiments based on given scientific questions.
Types of Change
- Evidence of a chemical change includes color change, gas production, formation of a precipitate, and temperature change.
- Reactants are substances consumed in a reaction, while products are the substances formed.
Conservation of Mass
- In a chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products, illustrating the conservation of mass.
Combustion Reactions
- Combustion involves a substance reacting with oxygen, producing energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Write word equations (e.g., methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water) and balanced formula equations (e.g., CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O) for combustion.
Decomposition and Combination Reactions
- Decomposition reactions involve breaking down a compound into simpler products (e.g., CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂).
- Combination reactions involve two or more reactants forming a single product (e.g., H₂ + O₂ → H₂O).
- Experimentally, carbon dioxide can be detected with limewater, turning cloudy when CO₂ is present.
Precipitation Reactions
- Precipitates form when two soluble salts react in solution, resulting in an insoluble product.
- Solubility rules help predict precipitate formation, such as the reaction of barium chloride and sodium sulfate forming barium sulfate.
- Write equations for these reactions, showing both word forms and balanced chemical equations.
- Balanced equations confirm that mass is conserved through the reaction.
Writing and Balancing Equations
- Learn to write word equations and balanced formulas for various reactions, ensuring the same number of atoms for each element on both sides.
- Identify states of reactants and products: solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or aqueous (aq).
- Recall formulas for ions like ammonium (NH₄⁺), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), hydroxide (OH⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻).
- Common molecules: water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), oxygen (O₂), hydrogen (H₂), nitrogen (N₂), and carbon monoxide (CO).
Reactions of Acids
- Common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
- When acids react with bases, they produce salt and water; with active metals, hydrogen gas is formed; with metal carbonates, carbon dioxide is produced.
- Write relevant word and balanced formula equations for these acid reactions.
- Experimental tests: hydrogen is identifiable by a 'pop' sound with a lighted splint, whereas oxygen rekindles a glowing splint.
Metal Reactivity
- An activity series ranks metals based on their reactivity relative to each other (e.g., potassium is more reactive than copper).
- Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
- Write equations for displacement reactions, indicating the reactants and products clearly.
Skills Development
- Be able to formulate an aim and hypothesis for experiments based on given scientific questions.
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Description
This checklist focuses on the learning outcomes and skills related to chemical reactions in Year 10 Chemistry. Assess your understanding and identify areas where you may need further assistance. It's a helpful tool for both study and revision in preparation for assessments.
