CHAPTER 6 - FIRST AID

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What is the primary purpose of First Aid in aviation?

To administer emergency treatment for sudden illness or injury until professional help arrives. (correct)

To provide long-term medical care until a hospital is reached.

To prevent any medical issues during the flight by administering preventive care.

To replace medical professionals onboard in case of emergencies.

When is a Medical Clearance Form required for a passenger?

When a passenger cannot sit upright. (correct)

For infants over 10 days old.

For passengers with mild psychiatric disorders without escorts.

Within 14 days of a minor fracture.

Which condition is not typically a reason for immediate medical diversion?

Impending childbirth with contractions.

Continuing unconsciousness for more than 5 minutes.

Severe unrelieved pain.

Mild symptoms of hypoxia. (correct)

What is the correct sequence for Basic Life Support (BLS) using the DRABCD method?

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

How should chest compressions be modified for a pregnant woman during CPR?

Place hands slightly higher on the chest and tilt the body slightly to the left. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment for an adult passenger choking but still conscious?

Heimlich maneuver 5 times, alternating with 5 sharp back blows until the airway is cleared. Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis that would require immediate medical diversion?

Difficulty breathing, swelling, and rash. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Automated External Defibrillator (AED) typically stored onboard?

In a conspicuous and easily accessible location in the cabin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate next step if a passenger begins to deliver a baby mid-flight?

Prepare for delivery, ensure cleanliness, and contact Medlink or ground support for guidance. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most indicative of hypoglycemia in a passenger?

Pale, sweaty skin and confusion. Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a medical diversion be necessary?

A passenger with unrelieved breathing difficulties for 5 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action taken if a passenger becomes unconscious while choking?

Deliver 30 chest compressions immediately, then check for the obstruction. Signup and view all the answers

How should oxygen flow be verified before placing a mask on a passenger?

Listen for the hissing sound and observe the inflation of the reservoir bag. Signup and view all the answers

What action is required if a passenger shows signs of pneumothorax onboard?

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger calm. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' in the SAMPLE acronym stand for?

Medications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a passenger exhibiting symptoms of shock?

Lay flat, elevate their legs, and keep them warm. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to secure a medical report in a sealed envelope aboard the flight?

To keep it confidential and ensure it is handed over to medical authorities on the ground. Signup and view all the answers

What compression-to-breath ratio is used for CPR on a child aged 1–8 years?

15:2 Signup and view all the answers

When treating a child aged 1–8 years, what chest compression-to-breath ratio should be used?

15:2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take if a passenger is found unresponsive but breathing normally?

Place them in the recovery position. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of suspected pneumothorax, which symptom is most critical to observe?

Sudden severe chest pain. Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a passenger with shock be placed in during treatment?

Flat with legs elevated. Signup and view all the answers

What measurement indicates a proper depth for chest compressions on a child?

5–6 cm deep. Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary when a passenger displaying symptoms of anaphylaxis is identified?

Provide an Epipen and ensure airway is open. Signup and view all the answers

What does a persistent dry cough coupled with a headache typically indicate?

Need for oxygen administration. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to tilt a pregnant passenger to the left during CPR?

To avoid pressure on the fetus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical symptom indicating the need for immediate oxygen?

Bluish skin and confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What initial step should be taken when treating a passenger with obvious signs of head trauma?

Issue a Medical Clearance Form. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind performing five initial rescue breaths on a child before starting CPR?

To provide effective oxygenation before compressions. Signup and view all the answers

In performing CPR, which rate is correct for artificial ventilation with a Bag-Valve Mask (BVM)?

One breath every 5–6 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential hazard when using the Rautek maneuver to assist an unconscious passenger?

Risk of causing further injury to the spine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action to take for a choking adult who cannot speak?

Perform 5 sharp back blows and assess effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a passenger may be suffering from hypoxia?

Blue discoloration of the face and rapid heartbeat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step for a passenger who experiences shock?

Tilt the passenger slightly to the left and provide oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

During DRABCD, what does the 'Danger' step emphasize?

Identifying potential hazards in the surroundings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper compression depth when performing CPR on a child aged 1-8 years?

1/3 of the chest depth. Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action for an unconscious passenger who is breathing normally?

Place the passenger in a recovery position. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is crucial when using an Epipen?

Administer it into the thigh muscle only if the patient is conscious. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action when a passenger shows symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during a flight?

Keep the passenger seated and calm while administering oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What critical information does a Medical Clearance Form provide?

Confirmation that a passenger is fit to fly with specific medical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines if a passenger needs a medical escort during a flight?

A psychiatric disorder posing a risk to themselves or others. Signup and view all the answers

In managing a choking situation, what is NOT a recommended action for a conscious adult?

Give water to help wash down the obstruction. Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate step to take if a death occurs onboard the aircraft?

Secure the body to the seat and cover it respectfully. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum expected duration for a passenger using oxygen therapy from a high-flow outlet?

30 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for adults during CPR?

5-6 cm deep Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step cabin crew should take when treating hypoxia?

Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio during CPR for an adult?

30:2 Signup and view all the answers

Which action should cabin crew take first if a passenger faints but regains consciousness?

Lay the passenger down, raise their legs, and loosen tight clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the second cabin crew member (Communicator) during a medical emergency?

Making announcements and notifying the flight deck Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment sequence for a severe allergic reaction onboard?

Administer an Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess the passenger’s pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct placement of AED pads for a child aged 1-8 years?

On the chest and directly opposite on the back Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct step if a passenger becomes unconscious due to choking?

Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths immediately Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the AED indicates a low battery?

Replace the battery immediately before use Signup and view all the answers

How should the Epipen be administered in the case of anaphylaxis?

Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds, then massage the area Signup and view all the answers

When is the use of handcuffs justified aboard an aircraft?

To secure a violent passenger posing a risk to others. Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a medical diversion, how long should cabin crew wait before deciding based on continuing unconsciousness?

5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What are the critical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, and faintness Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method for securing a deceased passenger during landing?

Leave the body in their seat, secured with a seatbelt and covered. Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first when treating a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) during a flight?

Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger’s breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct depth of chest compressions for CPR on a newborn?

1/4 the depth of the chest. Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be used to open a child's airway for rescue breaths?

Use the head-tilt and chin-lift technique. Signup and view all the answers

If the AED states 'No shock required,' what should be the next action?

Continue chest compressions and recheck every 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which site is appropriate for checking a newborn's pulse?

Brachial artery. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates that a birth is imminent onboard?

Contractions occurring every 2–3 minutes with water breaking. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a passenger exhibiting disruptive behavior that endangers others?

Issue a second warning card and use handcuffs if necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct technique for infant chest compressions?

Use the middle of the chest with two fingers. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a passenger is choking?

The passenger clutches their throat and cannot breathe. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate response for a conscious passenger who has fainted?

Lay them flat, elevate their legs, and loosen tight clothing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper compression-to-breath ratio for infant CPR?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

How should an oxygen mask flow be tested during an emergency?

Check for hissing sounds and ensure proper inflation of the bag. Signup and view all the answers

What signs suggest that a passenger is at risk of severe choking?

They turn pale and sweat excessively. Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical issues does First Aid in aviation primarily address?

Emergency situations before professional medical help is available. Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance must a passenger provide a Medical Clearance Form?

If they are unable to maintain an upright sitting position. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medical conditions is least likely to necessitate an immediate diversion?

Symptoms consistent with mild hypoxia. Signup and view all the answers

In Basic Life Support (BLS), what is the correct order of actions in the DRABCD method?

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

What modification should be made when performing CPR on a pregnant woman?

Shift her body to the left for better circulation. Signup and view all the answers

When an adult passenger is choking but conscious, what is the immediate recommended treatment?

Five abdominal thrusts followed by back blows. Signup and view all the answers

What are the critical signs of anaphylaxis that necessitate immediate medical attention?

Swelling, difficulty breathing, and hives. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a location for storing an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) onboard?

Crew rest area. Signup and view all the answers

Where should the AED pads be placed for a child aged 1–8 years?

On the chest and directly opposite on the back. Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first when treating a passenger with hypoxia?

Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Rautek maneuver?

To safely move an unconscious person while protecting the spine. Signup and view all the answers

In managing a severe allergic reaction onboard, what is the first step?

Administer an Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess the passenger’s pulse. Signup and view all the answers

Which signs and symptoms are critical for hypoglycemia identification?

Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, and faintness. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first if a passenger faints but regains consciousness?

Lay the passenger down, raise their legs, and loosen tight clothing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action if a passenger becomes unconscious due to choking?

Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a passenger faints during a flight?

Lay the passenger flat and elevate their legs. Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a medical diversion, how long should cabin crew wait before reassessing a passenger based on unconsciousness?

5 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct administration angle for an Epipen in case of anaphylaxis?

Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds, then massage the area. Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary if a passenger exhibits symptoms of pneumothorax onboard?

Administer oxygen and prepare for immediate chest decompression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration a passenger on oxygen therapy can be expected to use a high-flow outlet from an oxygen cylinder?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates that a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

Blue discoloration of the face and rapid heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a passenger suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during the flight?

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger seated calmly Signup and view all the answers

How should the cabin crew respond if a death occurs onboard?

Inform the captain, secure the body to the seat, and cover it respectfully Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh' mnemonic refer to?

Method of administering an Epipen Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct behavior for checking normal breathing during a medical emergency?

Look, listen, and feel for breath for up to 10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment for a conscious passenger experiencing an asthma attack?

Encourage the passenger to use their inhaler, assist with oxygen if needed Signup and view all the answers

What indicative symptoms may suggest that a passenger is experiencing shock?

Cold, clammy skin and a rapid, weak pulse Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the proper action to take for a choking adult who cannot speak?

Perform 5 sharp back blows and assess effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for newborns born mid-flight?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action when a passenger is diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder that poses risks?

A psychiatric disorder posing a risk to themselves or others Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate next step after discovering a passenger is unconscious but still breathing normally?

Place them in the recovery position and administer oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What action is advised when taking care of a passenger with suspected pneumothorax?

Administer oxygen and keep them calm Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is a classic indicator of an allergic reaction requiring immediate intervention?

Rapid swelling in the throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended main action when facing a suspected airway obstruction in a conscious passenger?

Perform a modified Heimlich maneuver Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the repositioning of a patient in shock?

Elevate their legs to promote blood flow to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

When should chest compressions be prioritized over rescue breaths during CPR?

If the victim is unconscious and not breathing Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken for a passenger experiencing severe chest pain possibly related to a heart condition?

Administer oxygen and monitor their vital signs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response for a passenger who displays signs of heat exhaustion?

Provide them with a cold compress and rest. Signup and view all the answers

How should a passenger with an open wound be managed to prevent infection?

Cover the wound with a dry dressing. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates pneumothorax symptoms from those of other respiratory conditions?

Sudden onset of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when facing a suspected spinal injury during an extraction?

Stabilizing their limbs prior to moving them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most critical to identify for immediate first aid?

Pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

What complication is most likely when an adult shows signs of anaphylaxis?

Rapid swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in recognizing a child in need of CPR before starting interventions?

The absence of breathing and pulse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main logic behind placing a patient with a suspected heart attack in a specific position?

To limit movement and rest the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is least effective for managing a patient with severe anxiety during a medical situation?

Speaking in a hurried manner to alleviate their anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate initial treatment for a pregnant passenger showing signs of an asthma attack during the flight?

Administer oxygen and encourage the use of their inhaler. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a passenger exhibits symptoms indicating immediate oxygen therapy is necessary?

Administer oxygen immediately and reposition if necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for monitoring the pulse of a newborn during CPR?

Every minute. Signup and view all the answers

How should an AED be used if it shows a low battery warning before use?

Continue with the AED as it may still work temporarily. Signup and view all the answers

In managing a choking child, how many back blows should be administered?

5 back blows. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper airway management technique for a child in respiratory distress?

Use the head-tilt and chin-lift technique. Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if a passenger experiences fainting during flight but regains consciousness?

Monitor and provide reassurance until they are fully alert. Signup and view all the answers

How should the chest compressions for an infant be performed regarding positioning?

Middle of the chest using two fingers. Signup and view all the answers

Which option is the correct pulse check location for a newborn?

Brachial artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical step following the AED's assessment states 'No shock required'?

Continue chest compressions and recheck every 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

When should the second warning card for disruptive behavior be issued to a passenger?

After the first warning has been ignored. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression-to-breath ratio for CPR on an infant?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

How should a passenger's oxygen mask be checked for proper flow during an emergency?

Listen for hissing sounds and check for bag inflation. Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member do first if a passenger becomes unconscious while exhibiting signs of shock?

Lay the passenger flat and elevate their legs. Signup and view all the answers

What key step should be taken immediately upon confirming a passenger is inflicted with choking?

Perform abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is relieved. Signup and view all the answers

How does a flight crew check for proper oxygen flow from an onboard mask before assisting a passenger?

Listen for the hiss sound and check the bag structure. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken when a passenger shows symptoms of severe acute hypoglycemia?

Administer a sugar solution or glucose tablets. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would indicate that a passenger might experience a serious cardiac event?

Shooting pain down the arm and jaw. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be prioritized for a passenger exhibiting signs of cerebral hypoxia on a flight?

Administer supplemental oxygen immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical consideration when a passenger is in the recovery position?

Keeping the airway clear and ensuring they are breathing properly. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the SAMPLE acronym stand for during medical assessments?

Allergies. Signup and view all the answers

When should aspirin be administered to a passenger suspected of having a heart attack?

When they are conscious and can chew it safely. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a possible complication for newborns under seven days old during flight?

Difficulty in adjusting to cabin pressure changes. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate measure should cabin crew take if a passenger goes unconscious after exhibiting symptoms of anaphylaxis?

Locate and administer an Epipen if available. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression depth for performing CPR on an adult?

2-2.5 inches. Signup and view all the answers

If a flight crew identifies a passenger with pneumonia, what should be their primary concern?

Observing for signs of respiratory distress. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for providing first aid if a passenger exhibits breathing difficulties?

Administer oxygen, call for assistance, and monitor breathing. Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be monitored due to the risk of thromboembolism during flights?

Deep vein thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What step should be taken if an AED indicates 'No shock advised'?

Continue chest compressions and reanalyze after two minutes Signup and view all the answers

What specific observation is essential during a childbirth situation to justify medical diversion?

Frequent contractions with ruptured membranes Signup and view all the answers

When preparing an AED for use, what is the first action required?

Turn on the device Signup and view all the answers

Why should cabin crew handle a passenger with visible blisters from chickenpox cautiously?

To minimize the risk of communicable diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for checking the validity of a medical clearance form before boarding?

To ensure the passenger’s health status is current Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated if a passenger appears unconscious yet responsive to painful stimuli during assessment?

There is a need for further neurological examination Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when administering CPR in a confined cabin space?

Restrictions in maintaining a proper compression depth Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken before allowing a passenger to board with a recent heart attack history?

A medical professional must evaluate their condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper action to take if a casualty is found vomiting while unconscious?

Turn their head to the side to prevent choking Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response if a passenger’s breathing is compromised while seated?

Relocate the passenger to an aisle seat Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to communicate with the flight deck during a medical emergency?

To ensure coordination with ground medical teams Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is indicative of asthma attacks in-flight that may necessitate immediate intervention?

Asthmatic symptoms accompanied by chest tightness Signup and view all the answers

What condition can increase the risk of injury during turbulence?

Overweight passengers with limited mobility Signup and view all the answers

What immediate risk may occur with a plaster cast applied within 72 hours of a fracture?

Increased risk of edema that could lead to compartment syndrome. Signup and view all the answers

What condition mandates a minimum of 14 days of medical clearance before flight?

Recent head injury with any loss of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for isolating a passenger with visible signs of chickenpox onboard?

To minimize the risk of contagion to other passengers. Signup and view all the answers

What acronym is vital for cabin crew when assessing a casualty’s situation during emergencies?

SAMPLE. Signup and view all the answers

What critical factor must be considered when positioning electrodes for an AED on a passenger with a pacemaker?

Electrodes should be at least 2 cm away from the pacemaker. Signup and view all the answers

When preparing a passenger’s chest for AED electrode placement, what should be avoided?

Excessive body hair. Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first if a passenger shows signs of anaphylaxis?

Use an EpiPen without delay. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of failing to secure a medical report in a sealed envelope during a flight?

Confidentiality breaches could occur. Signup and view all the answers

Why is accurate depth crucial in chest compressions during CPR?

To maximize blood circulation to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of stretchers permissible on an aircraft?

Two. Signup and view all the answers

What specific indicator suggests a passenger may be suffering from hypoxia?

Cyanosis or blue-tinged skin. Signup and view all the answers

When should cabin crew divert a flight in the case of a suspected stroke?

Upon recognizing abnormal speech patterns or confusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important action to take for a choking adult who can still speak?

Encourage them to cough forcefully. Signup and view all the answers

What should the cabin crew prioritize when a passenger goes into respiratory distress during a flight?

Quickly administering the onboard oxygen supply if available. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason young infants are more susceptible to hypoxia during flight?

Their lungs are not fully developed. Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member verify before using medication from a medical kit?

The expiry date on the packaging. Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should a second warning card be issued to a disruptive passenger?

When the passenger is endangering others or continues the disruptive behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing SAMPLE during a medical emergency?

To gather comprehensive medical history for accurate treatment. Signup and view all the answers

In responding to severe turbulence-related injuries, which action is prioritized?

Inform the flight deck and administer first aid. Signup and view all the answers

How should chest compressions be adapted for a pregnant passenger during CPR?

A cushion should be placed under the right hip to improve circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'no shock advised' message indicate when using an AED?

The passenger’s heart rhythm does not require defibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

What essential position should an unconscious passenger maintain to prevent airway obstruction?

Recovery position on their side. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to ensure a tight seal on the Ambu bag before ventilation?

To ensure proper chest rise during breaths. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current guideline on compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR onboard?

30 compressions to 2 breaths. Signup and view all the answers

Which key factor must be assessed to distinguish gasping from effective breathing?

Irregular, shallow breaths resembling choking. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for monitoring oxygen saturation levels during in-flight emergencies?

To prevent over-oxygenation, which can lead to respiratory arrest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the recovery position?

To ensure the passenger can breathe while unconscious. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action to take if a passenger exhibits signs of hypoxia during a flight?

Administer supplemental oxygen without delay. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate method for assessing circulation in an unconscious passenger?

Check for a carotid pulse on the neck. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a doctor on board declines to assist with an emergency due to their specialization?

Continue with crew-led procedures while seeking advice. Signup and view all the answers

In the event that a passenger dies during the flight, what is the immediate protocol?

Inform the captain, secure the body, and finish required documentation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for tilting a passenger's head forward if they are experiencing vomiting?

To prevent aspiration of the vomit into the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What compression depth for chest compressions is recommended for an adult casualty?

5-6 cm. Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct method for delivering breaths using an Ambu bag?

Compress the bag slowly while monitoring for chest rise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended use of the shock button on a defibrillator?

To reset the heart rhythm with an electric shock. Signup and view all the answers

When faced with a choking adult passenger who can still cough, what is the best course of action?

Encourage the passenger to continue coughing forcefully. Signup and view all the answers

Which action must be taken after successfully resuscitating a passenger?

Conduct a thorough assessment and provide oxygen as necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time recommended for checking for normal breathing during casualty assessment?

10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be avoided when managing a casualty’s airway?

Inserting your fingers to search for blockages Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to dry the casualty’s chest before attaching AED electrodes?

Wet skin interferes with electrical conductivity Signup and view all the answers

When should the flight deck be informed of a situation involving severe turbulence-related injuries?

Immediately after the injury is confirmed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rautek maneuver during a medical emergency?

To safely move an unconscious passenger out of a seat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for requiring medical clearance for passengers with recent fractures?

To assess the risk of thrombosis due to immobility Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first response to a passenger suffering from an anaphylactic reaction?

Locate and assist with their prescribed epinephrine auto-injector Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response when a passenger suffers from a severe asthma attack?

Locate and assist with their prescribed inhaler Signup and view all the answers

Why are resuscitation efforts on pregnant women modified to include a tilt under the right hip?

To relieve pressure on the major blood vessels caused by the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What must be done immediately after a passenger suffers from a suspected stroke onboard?

Provide oxygen and monitor their condition closely Signup and view all the answers

How should a medical report be completed if a casualty passes away during the flight?

Include detailed information about the passenger and the incident Signup and view all the answers

What vital sign is crucial for assessing a casualty's response to CPR?

Depth and rate of chest compressions Signup and view all the answers

During an asthma attack, what action should be prioritized for a conscious casualty?

Administer oxygen and provide their prescribed inhaler Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is inappropriate when managing a seizure in a casualty?

Place a soft object in their mouth to prevent choking Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression depth for adult CPR?

5-6 cm Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after delivering an AED shock to a casualty?

Resume chest compressions immediately Signup and view all the answers

Which situation should NOT trigger the immediate involvement of first aid skills onboard?

Passengers with minor injuries requiring attention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial focus for a first aider encountering a medical emergency onboard?

Assessing their own and the crew's safety promptly. Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a medical volunteer's credentials, what is considered the best practice?

Asking for identification proving their medical expertise. Signup and view all the answers

What should the first priority be when facing a hazardous situation before administering care?

Checking for bystanders and securing the area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the communicator during a medical drill?

Coordinating with the captain and gathering volunteers. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken first when finding a passenger unresponsive?

Invoke emergency protocols and call for help. Signup and view all the answers

In the AVPU consciousness assessment scale, what does 'U' specifically indicate?

Unresponsive state needing urgent attention. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is most effective for managing hyperventilation?

Encourage the casualty to focus on calming techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if a passenger suspected of experiencing a heart attack is found unresponsive?

Administer chest compressions immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for assessing responsiveness in an unconscious casualty?

Use the AVPU scale to evaluate consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected physiological response to hyperventilation?

Respiratory alkalosis due to decreased carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the use of an AED, which statement is true?

Turn on the AED and follow its prompts before applying pads. Signup and view all the answers

In which physiological circumstance does cyanosis most commonly occur?

During oxygen deprivation or hypoxia. Signup and view all the answers

Which position is most appropriate for a casualty experiencing shock?

Elevation of the legs if no spinal injury is suspected. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using the AVPU scale in emergency situations?

To determine the casualty's level of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a medical emergency involving anaphylaxis?

Hives and swelling of the face and throat. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is indicative of hyperglycemia in a casualty?

Fruity or sweet-smelling breath. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT appropriate when managing a choking infant?

Administer abdominal thrusts. Signup and view all the answers

In an emergency scenario, how should chest compressions for CPR be effectively delivered?

With both hands at a depth equal to one-third of the chest depth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action if an AED advises 'No Shock'?

Perform CPR for 2 minutes before reanalyzing. Signup and view all the answers

What event characterizes the first priority when dealing with an unconscious adult casualty?

Check for breathing and start CPR if needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for an asthmatic passenger if symptoms remain after inhaler use?

Provide oxygen and observe for improvement. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is best indicated by cold, clammy skin and a rapid, weak pulse?

Shock. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with the administration of abdominal thrusts?

Internal injury or bruising. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hypoxia?

Fruity breath odor. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first action taken for a casualty experiencing a seizure?

Pad the area to prevent injury. Signup and view all the answers

What acronym is utilized to identify potential stroke symptoms?

BE FAST Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a casualty who is conscious but unable to respond to verbal commands?

Unresponsive. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper depth for chest compressions during adult CPR?

5-6 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

30:2 Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DRABCD signify in basic life support?

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. Signup and view all the answers

During which condition should a captain be notified immediately?

Severe, unrelieved pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if an unconscious infant has an open airway but no breathing?

Perform chest compressions at a ratio of 15:2. Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member prioritize when encountering a passenger with severe abdominal pain?

Recognizing and responding to a potential abdominal emergency. Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is best for a passenger experiencing diarrhea during a flight?

Sip water and consume starchy foods if desired. Signup and view all the answers

What is the latest stage of pregnancy at which a mother can safely fly?

After 35 weeks for single pregnancies and 28 weeks for multiples. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate step should be taken when a passenger appears to be miscarrying?

Collect expelled material discreetly and store it for medical evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

Why is skin-to-skin contact important immediately after childbirth?

To warm the baby and stimulate bonding. Signup and view all the answers

What position is recommended for a mother experiencing active labor when the baby’s head is crowning?

In a semi-sitting position with support. Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to support the baby's head during emergency childbirth?

Apply pressure to prevent sudden delivery. Signup and view all the answers

How should resuscitation be initiated for a newborn who is not breathing?

Gently flick the soles of the feet and dry the baby with a towel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action when a cabin crew member observes a passenger with signs of hypoxia?

Reassure the passenger and administer oxygen at 4 liters per minute. Signup and view all the answers

During a suspected miscarriage onboard, what is the best approach for managing the situation?

Position the casualty comfortably with knees bent, provide a sanitary pad, and seek medical help. Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical consideration for using a tourniquet effectively for severe bleeding?

Tighten the tourniquet until bleeding ceases and document the time of application. Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a passenger experiencing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), what is the primary aim?

Prevent movement to avoid further aggravation of the condition. Signup and view all the answers

How should a cabin crew member handle a passenger reported to have a chemical burn to the eye?

Flush the eye with water from the nose outward and keep the passenger calm. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate action for a passenger experiencing heat exhaustion?

Encourage the passenger to rest in a cool, shaded area with fluids. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in managing a nosebleed following a suspected head injury?

Advise the casualty to lean forward and apply direct pressure. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of emergency childbirth, what action should be taken immediately after the baby's head is delivered?

Support the baby’s head and gently guide the shoulders out. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended support for a passenger with altitude-induced sinus pain?

Advise the passenger to yawn, swallow, or use a nasal spray. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure when dealing with a severe allergic reaction during the flight?

Quickly administer an Epipen and seek further medical help if needed. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

Provide immediate oxygen and monitor the passenger for improvement within 15 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and most critical step when managing a chemical burn?

Flush the affected area with running water immediately. Signup and view all the answers

If a newborn is not breathing after delivery, what is the first response?

Clear the airway and stimulate the infant to breathe. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most important when dealing with a severe allergic reaction?

Administer an Epipen if available and seek immediate assistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response to a suspected spinal injury during an emergency?

Keep the casualty in their current position and wait for medical help. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a passenger exhibiting symptoms of shock?

Keep the passenger warm and position them on their back with legs elevated. Signup and view all the answers

How should you respond to a passenger experiencing altitude sickness?

Position the passenger at a seat over the wings for stability. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first response to a cabin pressurization failure?

Dispense oxygen masks to all passengers and limit movement. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be prioritized when handling biohazard waste?

Label and store items in a biohazard bag appropriately. Signup and view all the answers

If a persistent nosebleed does not stop after 30 minutes, what should you do?

Reapply pressure and call for medical assistance immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the time-of-useful-consciousness chart in emergency situations?

It determines how much time is available for effective action at high altitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the accurate handling method for severe partial-thickness burns?

Cover the burn with a sterile dressing, avoiding breakages. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a casualty suffering from deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Elevate the leg to aid circulation and limit movement. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is a strong indicator of a newborn needing immediate attention after delivery?

Failure to cry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical step to take when treating a passenger showing signs of severe dehydration?

Administer intravenous fluids if available. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be avoided when a dressing becomes soaked during severe bleeding?

Changing the dressing frequently. Signup and view all the answers

When treating an eye chemical splash, which method is recommended?

Flush the eye continuously from the nose side outward. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of tourniquet application, which statement is true?

Any excessive bleeding requires immediate medical help post-application. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure after applying a tourniquet for severe bleeding?

Document the time and seek immediate care. Signup and view all the answers

In a situation of a suspected spinal injury, what should be prioritized?

Immobilizing the spine and neck. Signup and view all the answers

What vital sign is essential to monitor during suspected hypoxia?

Oxygen saturation levels. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a passenger has a nosebleed?

Have the passenger lean slightly forward. Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate step to take when treating a burn from boiling water?

Run cold water over the burn for at least 10 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct approach to manage air sickness for a passenger?

Move them to a seat near the wings for stability. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with an amputated limb before medical assistance arrives?

Wrap in a wet cloth and keep warm. Signup and view all the answers

How should an expectant mother be supported during labor's second stage?

Assist with gentle pushing to support head emergence. Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken when treating a major open abdominal wound?

Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and protect exposed organs. Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of a suspected skull fracture causing a nosebleed, what would be the most appropriate response?

Monitor for blood flow without intervention. Signup and view all the answers

If direct pressure does not control severe external bleeding, what is the next appropriate step?

Apply a tourniquet above the bleeding site. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of partial-thickness burns compared to superficial burns?

Blisters and raw skin are evident. Signup and view all the answers

When treating chemical burns, what is the recommended primary action?

Rinse the burn site with copious amounts of water immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What late sign of hypoxia should you be vigilant for during a flight?

Decreased breathing rate and slurred speech. Signup and view all the answers

How should cabin crew members assist a passenger experiencing rapid decompression?

Ensure they put on their oxygen mask before assistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a heightened risk of developing DVT during long flights?

Pregnant individuals and heavy smokers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct protocol for using the Biohazard Kit onboard?

Segregate and label all biohazardous materials appropriately. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the CCM's priority in treating a heatstroke victim?

Promptly reduce body temperature with cooling techniques. Signup and view all the answers

When dealing with suspected communicable disease onboard, what action should be taken?

Isolate them and ensure they wear a mask. Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is the best way to prevent earaches due to pressure changes during a flight?

Encourage swallowing, yawning, or chewing to equalize pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What course of action should be taken if symptoms of DVT are noted in a passenger?

Seek medical advice and elevate the leg. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of an anaphylactic reaction?

Hypersensitivity to a previously encountered substance Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is least associated with an anaphylactic shock?

Severe headache Signup and view all the answers

How long do the effects of an adrenaline injection in the context of anaphylactic shock typically last?

15 to 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended as part of the treatment for a heart attack?

Use cold compress on the forehead Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feeling reported by individuals experiencing a heart attack?

Impending doom Signup and view all the answers

Which method is involved in initiating first aid for anaphylactic shock?

Begin with a DRABCD approach Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily responsible for the symptoms observed during anaphylactic shock?

Histamine Signup and view all the answers

What position should a casualty in anaphylactic shock be placed in to assist with breathing?

Half-sitting position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom that may indicate a heart attack rather than angina?

Pain that does not alleviate with medication within 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be prioritized for a casualty experiencing a stroke?

Place the casualty in the recovery position if unconscious Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger that may lead to an asthma attack?

Cold weather Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a diabetic emergency, what might indicate high blood sugar rather than low blood sugar?

Extreme thirst and fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when managing a casualty with severe breathing difficulties during an asthma attack?

Loosen any tight clothing Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is least likely to be associated with a stroke?

Consistent headache Signup and view all the answers

What step should be omitted if a casualty with angina has no medication available?

Inform the Captain for immediate medical assistance Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BE FAST help to identify?

Symptoms of stroke Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can cause a casualty to display a pale or ashen grey color?

Angina Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication if an asthmatic does not respond to their inhaler?

They might require a stronger medication or medical diversion Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the need for a casualty to remain in a semi-sitting position if experiencing angina?

To relieve chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is typically used for managing an angina attack?

Nitroglycerin Signup and view all the answers

When should immediate medical assistance be sought for a casualty with suspected stroke symptoms?

At the first sign of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of a full thickness burn caused by fire?

Black and charred skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate action for treating minor burns?

Apply ointment to the burn for healing Signup and view all the answers

In cases of chemical burns, what should be done first?

Flush the contaminated area with water immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of partial thickness burns?

Skin appears raw with blisters Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remove clothing from a scald area during treatment?

Clothing can retain heat and worsen the burn Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics indicates a serious burn that can be classified as full thickness?

Waxy grey skin without sensation Signup and view all the answers

In treating major burns, what is the first step to ensure the casualty's safety?

Remove the casualty from danger Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of treating chemical splash injuries to the eye?

Irrigate the eye for a minimum of 5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What effect does altitude have on the breathing process?

It causes a decrease in atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

Hypoxia is defined as what condition?

Insufficient oxygen levels in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with major head injury?

Difficulty or limited movement Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when treating any burn?

Bursting any blisters present on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical condition of the skin in a patient experiencing hyperglycemia?

Warm and dry Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial position recommended for a casualty with a suspected spinal injury?

Steady and supported position Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief reason for pressurizing aircraft cabins?

To maintain adequate levels of oxygen for survival Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RICE stand for in treating sprains and strains?

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with hypoglycemia but not hyperglycemia?

Presence of hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment step is crucial when managing major burns?

Establish a clear airway and ensure breathing Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a fractured limb, what treatment should be done first?

Immobilize the limb Signup and view all the answers

In the context of treating unconscious hypoglycemia, what is the next step after ensuring the airway is clear?

Provide oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What key point should be followed when applying a dressing to a wound?

Use a sterile dressing whenever possible Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of major epilepsy compared to minor epilepsy?

Loss of bladder control Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when managing a person experiencing a major epileptic seizure?

Try to restrain their movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a first-degree burn symptom?

Redness and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What action is required if circulation is impaired after applying a bandage?

Loosen the bandage and monitor closely Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication of a child experiencing febrile convulsions?

Flushed skin and violent twitching Signup and view all the answers

What are symptoms that may indicate hyperventilation?

Numbness and rapid heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom accurately indicates a major head injury?

Unequal pupils Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct approach for a casualty with a suspected fractured spine?

Use jaw thrust to keep the airway clear Signup and view all the answers

When treating a child with febrile convulsions, which action is essential?

Remove excess clothing gradually Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored every 10 minutes once a bandage is applied?

Signs of restricted blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes hyperglycemia's onset from hypoglycemia's onset?

Gradual for hyperglycemia, rapid for hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which situation requires a cabin crew member to inform the Captain and seek medical assistance?

A passenger showing signs of a major head injury Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of hyperventilation, which is NOT recommended?

Leaving the casualty alone Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most likely present in an adult experiencing major epilepsy during a seizure?

Cyanosis of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper technique for supporting a limb that has been fractured?

Utilize padding and immobilize Signup and view all the answers

During a medical emergency, which step is important before providing patient treatment?

Ensure there is no danger to yourself Signup and view all the answers

Which is an essential component of the treatment strategy for unconscious hypoglycemia?

Seek urgent medical assistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action required once a major seizure ceases?

Assess the patient's pulse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a sprained ankle?

Swelling and bruising over the area Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken upon recognizing signs of hypoxia in a passenger?

Administer oxygen promptly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the treatment of epilepsy during a seizure?

Trying to prevent the seizure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a long-term effect of severe hypoxia?

Unconsciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of mild dehydration?

Dry lips and slightly dry mouth. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is effective for someone experiencing heatstroke?

Lower the body temperature rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger exhibits hyperventilation during air sickness, what is the recommended response?

Advise them to minimize head movement. Signup and view all the answers

In cases of severe dehydration, what is the best course of action?

Seek medical advice immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with administering oxygen to a severely hypoxic passenger?

It can temporarily worsen their health. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cabin air quality at high altitudes regarding dehydration?

It becomes dry. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicative of severe dehydration?

Rapid pulse over 100 bpm. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the initial position of the head when clearing the airway of a newborn?

In a neutral position without overextension Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of prolonged exposure to altitude without proper oxygen supply?

Altered mental state and amnesia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the treatment of minor wounds?

Apply a tourniquet immediately Signup and view all the answers

When treating air sickness, which action should be avoided?

Encouraging rapid hydration. Signup and view all the answers

What condition poses a significant risk if mistaken for another during a medical emergency?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a need for immediate action when a newborn is not breathing?

The baby is unresponsive and not breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when a passenger suffering from air sickness is treated?

Limit reading and focusing activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct course of action if a dressing for a severe bleeding wound becomes blood-soaked?

Apply a second dressing on top of the soaked one Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action to take if a miscarriage is suspected during a flight?

Seek medical assistance and reassure the mother Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be avoided during a delivery on an aircraft?

Pull on the baby to assist in delivery Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a severe nosebleed lasting longer than 30 minutes, what should be done?

Inform the Captain and seek medical help Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of heatstroke?

Body temperature above 40°C. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is considered a sign of major internal bleeding in a casualty?

Low blood pressure and rapid pulse Signup and view all the answers

What kind of breathing pattern could complicate recovery in a passenger experiencing hypoxia?

Fast breathing or hyperventilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary advice for a passenger experiencing diarrhea?

Advise sips of water and starchy foods Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first after suspecting a casualty has internal bleeding?

Lay the casualty flat and elevate their feet Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically restrict a pregnant woman from traveling by air?

Traveling alone during any stage of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How should cabin crew respond if a newborn does not breathe spontaneously after birth?

Attempt resuscitation measures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical step in managing bleeding from a specific site like the nose?

Have the casualty pinch the nose and lean forward Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if the umbilical cord is around the baby's airway during delivery?

Un-hock the cord if possible Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication that a casualty may have a major wound?

The presence of embedded foreign objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when treating a casualty with a head injury?

Managing airway obstruction, blood loss, or overheating Signup and view all the answers

What critical sign indicates an abdominal emergency that crew should recognize?

Sudden severe abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What is vital to monitor if a pregnant passenger experiences symptoms of shock?

Both the mother and baby's vital signs Signup and view all the answers

When should a tourniquet be applied during the management of severe external bleeding?

After direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding with three dressings Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response for a casualty experiencing a nosebleed following a head injury?

Seek immediate medical attention due to head trauma risk Signup and view all the answers

What approach should be taken with a passenger who exhibits cramp-like pains and vaginal bleeding?

Reassure the casualty and assist to a comfortable position Signup and view all the answers

Which is crucial when managing a major open abdominal wound?

Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and protect protruding organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for cabin crew recognizing hyperventilation in passengers?

Potential for hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a passenger with diarrhea, what type of food should they avoid?

Dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing to assess when treating a casualty with suspected shock?

Look for signs of external bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to do after placing a paper bag over a passenger's nose and mouth to manage hyperventilation?

Ask them to breathe normally Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a pregnant passenger goes into labor during the flight?

Request medical assistance and reassure the mother Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the temperature decrease to approximately -56°C?

36,000 ft Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the middle ear when an aircraft ascends?

Air expands and exerts pressure on the eardrum. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common symptom of hypoxia?

Confusion or drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

Which method can help equalize pressure in a healthy person's ears during descent?

Yawning or chewing Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected increase in volume of air in the body’s hollow cavities at a cabin altitude of 6,000 ft?

30% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT particularly susceptible to hypoxia?

Healthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if air in the sinuses is blocked due to inflammation?

Pain may occur from trapped air Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time of useful consciousness (TUC) at an altitude of 25,000 ft?

3 to 5 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is recommended for earache caused by pressure changes?

Using nasal spray Signup and view all the answers

What effect does altitude have on gases in the intestinal tract?

Gases expand and may cause discomfort Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates late-stage hypoxia?

Monochrome vision Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if expanded gas in the body cannot escape due to blockage?

Pain and potential damage to the area Signup and view all the answers

Which altitude's cabin pressure is equivalent to 6,000 to 8,000 ft?

Cruising altitude for commercial flights Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risky group that may be more affected by hypoxia?

Heavy smokers and the elderly Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature as altitude increases according to the given information?

It decreases at a rate of 0.65°C per 100m. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of partial oxygen pressure on human physiology?

It affects the distribution of oxygen to living cells at certain levels. Signup and view all the answers

How does the ISA model assist in aerometric calibration?

It helps calibrate instruments for altitude and airspeed measurements. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the variations in atmospheric data is true?

Actual atmospheric data can vary significantly based on environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the definition of partial gas pressure in a gas mixture?

It represents the pressure exerted by a single gas if isolated. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first priority in managing a casualty experiencing heat-related issues?

Move the casualty to a cool place. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a severe case of sunburn?

Blistering of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty becomes unconscious while experiencing heat issues?

Open the airway and check their breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Engaging in regular exercise. Signup and view all the answers

In treating sunburn, what cooling method is recommended for the affected area?

Soaking the area in cold water for ten minutes. Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger is showing signs of DVT, what is the first step in their treatment?

Elevate the leg and have them rest. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty with sunburn shows signs of blistering?

Seek medical advice immediately. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of impaired circulation that may precede DVT?

Swollen feet and ankles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT part of the recommended treatment for sunburn?

Exposing the burn to direct sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary before using an Emergency Medical Kit (EMK)?

Completing a medical report after its use. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a potential pulmonary embolism related to DVT?

Sudden chest pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical measure in preventing DVT during long flights?

Drink water to stay hydrated. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of sunburn, which method should NOT be applied directly?

Ice cubes. Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when taking care of a casualty with heat-related issues?

Encourage physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

Which detail is not required when completing a Death on Board Report form?

Age of the deceased Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of aircraft disinsection?

To prevent the entry of disease-carrying insects Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time for the human body to experience sleepiness?

From 3 pm to 5 pm Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the severity of jet lag in travelers?

Frequency of travel Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the atmosphere significantly influences flight operations?

Temperature and pressure variations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?

It indicates that pressure decreases exponentially with height. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pressure at sea level according to the International Standard Atmosphere?

1013.25 hPa Signup and view all the answers

During the disinsection procedure, which part of the aircraft is treated?

Entire cabin interior Signup and view all the answers

What can help alleviate the effects of jet lag following long-haul flights?

Seeking sunlight strategically Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the pressure at an altitude of 11 km is measured?

Approximately 253.31 hPa Signup and view all the answers

What role does meteorology play in aviation?

Informing pilots about hazardous weather conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of crossing multiple time zones during travel?

Jet lag effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement when disposing of used spray cans after aircraft disinsection?

They must be disposed of in a special bin Signup and view all the answers

What does the circadian rhythm regulate aside from sleep?

Digestion and body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can the EMK be repeatedly used?

Until more than 50% exhaustion of a particular medical material Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the EMK has been used five times?

Complete the EMK USE FORM and use a yellow seal Signup and view all the answers

What does the yellow seal on an EMK indicate?

The EMK is unusable and has exceeded limits for use Signup and view all the answers

If a crew member is uncertain about the remaining quantity of medical materials in the EMK, what should they do?

Complete the EMK USE FORM and use a yellow seal Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowed uses of a FAK/FAE before it is considered unusable?

Five times or more than 50% exhaustion of materials Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a S/A FAK/FAE from a U/S FAK/FAE?

The seal color is the only distinguishing factor Signup and view all the answers

In case of loss of the EMK USE FORM, what should the crew member do?

Follow the steps for U/S EMK procedures Signup and view all the answers

What action is NOT required when a death occurs onboard the aircraft?

Complete a medical emergency report immediately Signup and view all the answers

What must occur if maintenance staff find an unsealed EMK?

Seal it with a yellow seal and inform the Captain Signup and view all the answers

During a pre-flight inspection, what is a crucial step regarding the FAK/FAE?

Ensure the correct stowage and seal are intact Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure if there is no spare EMK available?

Proceed with the existing EMK content checks Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect determines the usability of the FAK/FAE?

The expiry date and number of uses Signup and view all the answers

How should the crew respond if they encounter a suspected unsealed EMK during maintenance?

Seal it with a yellow seal and inform the CPT Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member do with an FAK/FAE that has been used but still has material left?

Seal it with a white temporary seal and complete the appropriate form Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of hypoxia that cabin crew should monitor?

Rapid increase in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

At which cabin altitude does hypoxia generally first become a noticeable issue for healthy individuals?

10,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia that cabin crew should be alert for?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate course of action if a passenger shows signs of hypoxia?

Provide oxygen and assess vital signs Signup and view all the answers

During rapid decompression, what is the primary action cabin crew should take?

Activate passenger oxygen masks and observe for hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What time frame represents the time of useful consciousness (TUC) for an individual at rest at 25,000 feet?

15–20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What condition primarily causes decompression sickness during a flight?

Rapid ascent or descent causing gases to expand Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would exacerbate symptoms of decompression sickness?

Continuing to stay at cruising altitude Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most effective in managing a passenger suspected of hypoxia?

Monitoring the passenger's oxygen intake carefully Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is most commonly associated with decompression sickness?

Formation of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Why should supplemental oxygen be administered promptly to a passenger with suspected hypoxia?

It mitigates the effects of low oxygen saturation. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a key difference between hypoxia and decompression sickness?

Decompression sickness results from rapid pressure change, while hypoxia arises from low oxygen availability. Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological effect does carbon monoxide have on a smoker's susceptibility to hypoxia?

It displaces oxygen in red blood cells, reducing their capacity to carry oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious risk of untreated decompression sickness in an aviation context?

Development of cerebral embolism Signup and view all the answers

What preventative measure can significantly reduce the likelihood of decompression sickness during flight?

Ascending and descending slowly Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom of hypoxia could be wrongly interpreted as intoxication?

Confusion and disorientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary oxygen source for the flight deck crew during normal operations?

A dedicated oxygen cylinder for the flight deck Signup and view all the answers

What typically triggers the deployment of oxygen masks in the cabin?

Cabin altitude exceeding 14,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

How long must the oxygen supply for each person in the flight deck last at 100% oxygen flow during emergencies?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What visual indicator confirms the oxygen flow in the PSU masks?

Inflation of the reservoir bag Signup and view all the answers

How long does the oxygen supply from PSUs typically last?

12 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical reaction occurs in PSU oxygen generators?

Thermal decomposition of sodium chlorate Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum safe cabin altitude under normal cruising conditions?

8,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

What must passengers do to activate the oxygen flow from PSUs after deployment?

Pull the mask sharply towards them Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for having oxygen masks in aircraft lavatories?

To ensure safety for passengers or crew using the lavatory Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked before using a portable oxygen bottle to ensure its proper functionality?

The pressure gauge for sufficient oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of removing grease or makeup before administering oxygen?

To reduce the risk of local skin irritation or burning Signup and view all the answers

What type of oxygen system should be pre-booked for passengers with medical needs?

Pulse-dose oxygen systems Signup and view all the answers

What does the red light on an Essex-type Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) indicate?

The hood has become non-functional Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if a PSU oxygen mask does not automatically inflate the bag?

Pull harder on the mask to trigger flow Signup and view all the answers

What critical step should cabin crew take when administering oxygen to a passenger?

Show the inflation of the reservoir bag Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow rate provided by the low-flow outlet of a portable oxygen bottle?

2 L/min Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the oxygen masks do not deploy during a cabin decompression?

Initiate emergency descent procedures Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew confirm that a Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) is ready for use?

A green light illuminates on the hood Signup and view all the answers

What action must the crew take immediately if PSU masks fail to deploy automatically?

Open the PSU manually using a special tool. Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard number of oxygen masks typically found above a passenger row in a PSU?

One extra mask per row. Signup and view all the answers

How does a portable oxygen bottle regulate flow rate for different situations?

By adjusting the valve to low or high flow settings. Signup and view all the answers

Which flow rate is most commonly set on a portable oxygen bottle for medical emergencies?

4 L/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication that oxygen is actively flowing from a portable oxygen bottle?

The yellow bag attached to the mask inflates. Signup and view all the answers

What essential precaution should be taken before administering portable oxygen?

Remove grease and makeup from the user’s face. Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of oxygen stored in a medium-sized portable oxygen bottle?

120 liters Signup and view all the answers

When administering portable oxygen to passengers, how should these bottles be stored?

On the floor, secured with a safety strap. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum PSI that should remain in a portable oxygen bottle for decompression use?

500 PSI Signup and view all the answers

What should the cabin crew do if they notice a portable oxygen bottle's pressure gauge needle is in the red zone?

Replace the bottle immediately. Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the cabin oxygen system automatically deploy oxygen masks?

14,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

What feature indicates the proper functionality of a smoke hood during preflight checks?

Inspect the humidity indicator for correct color. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of oxygen supply in a Drager smoke hood?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew activate the oxygen flow in a smoke hood?

Tear off the red pull strap and pull the starter. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most critical to address with immediate diversion due to its severity?

Passenger suffering from unconsciousness without regaining consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the key information provided to the captain during a medical emergency?

Passenger’s symptoms, assessment details, and recommended actions Signup and view all the answers

Which response should cabin crew prioritize immediately after a rapid cabin decompression?

Assist passengers in donning oxygen masks Signup and view all the answers

In the SAMPLE method, which component provides vital background information for assessing a casualty?

Last intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication that a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

Cyanosis of the lips and extremities Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in the DRABC protocol emphasize regarding patient safety?

Danger Signup and view all the answers

During CPR on an adult, what is the correct technique regarding chest compressions?

Compress the chest at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should cabin crew immediately administer oxygen?

When a passenger shows signs of cyanosis or hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reason to avoid popping blisters when treating a burn?

It increases the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

In the event of suspected decompression sickness, what is the primary action to take?

Administer oxygen and restrict their movement Signup and view all the answers

Which action is inappropriate when managing medical waste from a contagious patient onboard?

Store it with regular trash for disposal Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to ensure that no one is touching the casualty before delivering a shock with an AED?

It enhances the efficacy of the shock delivered Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if an AED indicates 'Check Electrodes'?

Reposition electrodes for proper attachment Signup and view all the answers

When should abdominal thrusts be avoided in rescuing a choking passenger?

If the passenger is pregnant or obese Signup and view all the answers

During a medical emergency, which action is not necessary for the documentation process?

Recording the passenger's medical history Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment process for chemical burns onboard a commercial flight?

Rinse the affected area with water, then remove clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential first step when managing a potentially infectious passenger?

Wear appropriate PPE and masks before interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a Medical Report being signed by a doctor during an in-flight medical emergency?

To ensure official documentation of the incident by a professional Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action to take immediately after attaching AED pads?

Allow the AED to analyze the casualty’s heart rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred position for a mother during an emergency childbirth?

Semi-sitting with legs apart and knees bent Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate first action after a baby is delivered during childbirth?

Clear the airway and ensure the baby is breathing Signup and view all the answers

What should be the priority in response to a passenger experiencing anaphylaxis?

Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with decompression sickness?

Joint pain and skin rash Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger exhibits symptoms of decompression sickness, what is the recommended action?

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to verify oxygen flow from a portable oxygen bottle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Why must oxygen bottles maintain a minimum pressure of 500 PSI after use?

To ensure enough oxygen is available for emergency decompression Signup and view all the answers

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for managing potentially infectious passengers?

Gloves, mask, and face shield Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of actions for treating an adult passenger who is choking?

Give five back blows followed by abdominal thrusts Signup and view all the answers

If abdominal thrusts do not relieve choking, what is the next step in the protocol?

Perform CPR and check the airway periodically Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when the AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

Reassess the casualty and continue CPR if necessary Signup and view all the answers

What technique is most effective for relieving ear barotrauma during descent?

Performing the Valsalva maneuver Signup and view all the answers

When is the umbilical cord best clamped and cut during childbirth on board?

When the baby's breathing stabilizes and the cord stops pulsing Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical reason to avoid placing objects in a passenger’s mouth during a seizure?

It may result in choking Signup and view all the answers

What is the best course of action when contaminated waste is generated from an infectious disease incident?

Store it in a biohazard bag following proper protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach after delivering an AED shock to a passenger in cardiac arrest?

Check for a pulse and resume CPR if no signs of life are evident Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do during a rapid cabin decompression?

Employ oxygen masks without delay Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines when to replace a portable oxygen bottle during usage?

When the bottle reaches a pressure below 500 PSI Signup and view all the answers

What does the high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle primarily provide?

Medical emergencies requiring oxygen saturation Signup and view all the answers

During slow cabin decompression, which symptom signifies pressure loss?

Sensations of ear discomfort in passengers Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate first response to a thermal burn on a passenger?

Immerse the burn in cool water for several minutes Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a passenger ingests an unknown substance?

Identify the ingested substance and contact medical professionals Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for not applying ice directly to a thermal burn?

It may cause freezing injuries to surrounding tissues Signup and view all the answers

For which scenario is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) most crucial?

When managing a passenger with a communicable disease Signup and view all the answers

How should AED electrodes be placed for an adult in cardiac arrest?

Upper right chest and lower left chest Signup and view all the answers

What should crew members prioritize when dealing with a passenger potentially infected with an infectious disease?

Increase cabin ventilation to dilute pathogen concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the key symptom of severe ear barotrauma?

Bleeding from the ear Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should cabin crew take when experiencing rapid decompression?

Don their own oxygen masks first Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when managing a mental health emergency?

Provide calm, non-threatening support and prevent escalation Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew prioritize after identifying stroke symptoms in a passenger using the BE FAST acronym?

Provide oxygen and contact the captain for medical diversion Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a passenger ingests a toxic substance?

Identify the poison and provide oxygen if needed Signup and view all the answers

Which item is included in an emergency childbirth kit?

Sterile scissors for cutting the umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action cabin crew should take if a passenger is experiencing cyanosis and confusion due to hypoxia?

Administer supplemental oxygen immediately Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change makes hypoxia particularly dangerous at high altitudes?

Reduced oxygen saturation in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate position for a passenger experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

Reclining with legs elevated Signup and view all the answers

How long does oxygen from a passenger mask typically last after automatic deployment?

12 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately for a passenger reporting difficulty breathing and visible swelling of the face and throat?

Administer the passenger’s epinephrine auto-injector Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important precaution when handling a passenger with a suspected spinal injury?

Avoid moving the passenger unless absolutely necessary Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be used to support a passenger with a suspected neck injury?

Immobilize the head and neck with manual support Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly assessed using the BE FAST acronym?

Elevated heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent further injury to a passenger suspected of having a spinal injury?

Gently immobilize the head and neck without moving the passenger Signup and view all the answers

In accordance with managing an infectious passenger, what is the best method for disposing of generated waste?

Segregate it and double-bag it in a biohazard bag Signup and view all the answers

Why is administering oxygen to a passenger with suspected hypoxia considered essential?

It provides immediate relief by increasing oxygen availability Signup and view all the answers

During stroke management, what is the initial action for cabin crew once signs are observed?

Notify ground medical support immediately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a fundamental reason for documenting a Medical Report after an in-flight emergency?

To support continuous medical care for the passenger involved Signup and view all the answers

Why is rebreathing into a paper bag not the preferred method for managing hyperventilation?

It may increase carbon dioxide retention excessively Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the primary role of cab crew when dealing with a passenger in hyperventilation?

Guide the passenger towards breathing exercises for calmness Signup and view all the answers

In cases of suspected hypoxia, what immediate action should cabin crew prioritize?

Administer supplemental oxygen at once Signup and view all the answers

What underlying principle explains why ice should not be applied directly to a burn?

It may cause frostbite and further damage Signup and view all the answers

What is a vital step during an in-flight childbirth scenario?

Clear the baby’s airway for immediate breathing Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a conscious adult passenger who is choking, what is the recommended procedure?

Administer several sharp blows to the back Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if an AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

Continue with chest compressions and ensure circulation Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is it appropriate to move a passenger with a suspected spinal injury?

Only if there is an imminent threat to their safety Signup and view all the answers

What essential check must cabin crew perform before using a portable oxygen bottle?

Check if the pressure gauge is in the full range Signup and view all the answers

In what location are portable oxygen bottles usually found on a B737-800 aircraft?

Behind the last row on the right-hand side Signup and view all the answers

How long can a passenger expect the oxygen supply to last when using the masks provided by the PSU panel?

12 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which condition reflects an unserviceable Scott Type PBE?

The humidity indicator is pink Signup and view all the answers

To manually release a passenger oxygen mask that has failed to deploy, what should the crew do?

Use a pointed object to engage the latch release Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is required for effectively donning the Dräger Type PBE?

Remove the case, tear the pull strap, and activate the starter Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT typically found in the Type B quick-donning mask?

Automatic deployment mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What urgent action should be taken before placing a mask on a passenger’s face?

Remove any grease or makeup from the passenger's face Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'NO SMOKING' sign when oxygen is in use onboard?

Reduces the likelihood of fire from concentrated oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What should the crew do if a passenger presents signs of decompression sickness?

Keep the passenger still and administer oxygen immediately Signup and view all the answers

How long can the Dräger Type PBE provide oxygen once activated?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the pulse setting on the Avias Pulse Oxygen System (POS) provide?

Conserves oxygen by delivering it only during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for administering first aid for heavy bleeding?

Use direct pressure followed by a tourniquet if necessary Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member check before using a portable oxygen bottle?

That the mask is securely attached to the bottle Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

30:2 Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an AED advises a shock during a medical emergency?

Stop all contact with the casualty and ensure no one touches them Signup and view all the answers

When is the use of a tourniquet appropriate during an in-flight emergency?

For severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable cabin altitude before oxygen masks automatically deploy?

14,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action to take if a passenger shows signs of a severe allergic reaction?

Administer epinephrine and contact medical assistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response during an in-flight choking situation if a passenger becomes unconscious?

Initiate CPR and check for the obstruction in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a nosebleed lasts longer than 10 minutes?

Use protective gear, apply pressure, and seek medical advice Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Smoke Vent Valve Selector on a Type B oxygen mask?

To allow oxygen to flow to smoke goggles Signup and view all the answers

What steps should be taken when using an AED during CPR?

Pause compressions to attach pads Signup and view all the answers

What immediate actions should be taken during rapid decompression in an aircraft?

Don oxygen masks and prepare for descent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Type B mask regulator in 'NORMAL' mode?

Mixes oxygen with cabin air Signup and view all the answers

What procedure should be followed for a choking infant?

Alternate back blows with chest thrusts Signup and view all the answers

What signs are typically associated with hypoxia?

Bluish skin, rapid heartbeat, and confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct flow rate of oxygen for a patient with a cardiac event?

4 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a heart attack?

Dizziness, chest discomfort, and cold sweat Signup and view all the answers

Where should portable oxygen bottles be stored after they have been used?

In a secure, ventilated storage area Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a seizure?

Breath holding and facial pallor Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member do if a passenger shows symptoms of shock?

Elevate their legs and keep them warm Signup and view all the answers

What is the protocol when administering first aid to a conscious passenger experiencing chest pain?

Position them to reduce strain on the heart Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew prioritize when assisting a passenger exhibiting symptoms of decompression sickness?

Administer oxygen and limit passenger movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper technique for cabin crew to assist a choking infant?

Perform a combination of back blows and chest thrusts Signup and view all the answers

How should crew members manage a severe chest injury that includes an impaled object?

Stabilize the object while ensuring passenger comfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective response to a passenger showing signs of a stroke?

Immediately conduct the B-E-F-A-S-T test and apply oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What does the pink indicator on the Scott PBE indicate?

The oxygen supply has been compromised Signup and view all the answers

What should be the correct response if cabin crew identifies a passenger with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) symptoms?

Immediately contact Medlink and elevate the leg Signup and view all the answers

Which passanger group is most vulnerable to hypoxia during a flight?

Individuals with pre-existing respiratory issues Signup and view all the answers

What actions should cabin crew take when a passenger is exhibiting symptoms of decompression sickness?

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment plan for an unconscious passenger who is breathing normally?

Place them in the recovery position for safety Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew check that oxygen is flowing from a portable oxygen bottle?

By checking the inflation of the mask bag Signup and view all the answers

When should the tourniquet be utilized during an emergency?

When direct pressure fails to control severe bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Why should portable oxygen bottles maintain at least 500 PSI after use?

To guarantee sufficient pressure for emergencies Signup and view all the answers

When managing a potentially infectious passenger, which personal protective equipment (PPE) is most appropriate for cabin crew?

Gloves, mask, and face shield Signup and view all the answers

How should the oxygen system typically function during a decompression event?

Duration varies based on cabin altitude and passenger needs Signup and view all the answers

What sequence of actions should cabin crew follow if an adult passenger is choking?

Administer back blows, followed by abdominal thrusts Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do immediately during an emergency childbirth?

Use an Emergency Childbirth Kit and keep the newborn warm Signup and view all the answers

If initial abdominal thrusts are ineffective for a choking passenger, what action should be taken next?

Perform CPR and maintain airway checks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Manual Release Tool (MRT) in-flight emergencies?

Activate emergency oxygen masks in passenger units Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the BE FAST acronym in the context of stroke management?

To identify significant signs of a potential stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for treating a nosebleed during flight?

Tilt the head forward and pinch the nostrils for 10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger shows signs of hypothermia, what should not be done during treatment?

Use direct heat sources like heating pads Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct initial action in treating a first-degree burn onboard?

Rinse the burn under cool running water Signup and view all the answers

When using a portable oxygen bottle for first aid, which flow rate is typically employed at the high outlet?

5 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical symptom of severe ear barotrauma that cabin crew should monitor?

Blood or clear fluid draining from the ear Signup and view all the answers

What action should cabin crew take if a passenger experiences a seizure?

Place a soft object under their head Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew focus on during a mental health emergency?

Providing a calm presence and avoiding confrontation Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration of oxygen supplied by the PSU chemical generator?

12 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression depth during CPR for adult passengers?

At least 2 inches Signup and view all the answers

What should you do immediately if a passenger experiences uncontrolled bleeding?

Apply pressure and elevate the limb Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mask is specifically used in passenger oxygen systems during a decompression event?

Oronasal passenger drop-down mask Signup and view all the answers

When should a tourniquet be utilized according to bleeding control guidelines?

Immediately in life-threatening situations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smoke Vent Valve Selector on Type B oxygen masks?

To direct oxygen flow to goggles Signup and view all the answers

What should the crew do if an oxygen mask is not deploying during a decompression event?

Activate the manual release tool Signup and view all the answers

How can you confirm oxygen flow when using a portable oxygen bottle?

Squeeze the bag and observe inflation Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken for a passenger experiencing symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Keep the passenger immobile and contact Medlink Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended oxygen flow rate for a passenger in a cardiac emergency?

4 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression depth for CPR on a child?

1/3 the depth of the chest Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a sign of hypothermia?

Hot, flushed skin Signup and view all the answers

In the event that the humidity indicator on a Personal Breathing Equipment (PBE) turns pink, what is the appropriate course of action?

Replace it with a new, serviceable PBE Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in assessing a person who has fainted?

Check for responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

What sequence should be followed when using a Dräger PBE?

Tear the bag open, pull the starter, and don the hood Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if a passenger complains of ear pain during descent?

Encourage swallowing or the Valsalva maneuver Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases onboard?

Isolate the affected passenger and use PPE Signup and view all the answers

When should CPR be discontinued?

The casualty regains normal responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate reaction upon identifying that a passenger may be experiencing anaphylaxis?

Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available Signup and view all the answers

What is the first assessment step when responding to a potential cardiac emergency onboard?

Ask the passenger to describe their pain Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should a cabin crew member take in response to rapid decompression?

Don their own oxygen masks first Signup and view all the answers

In the event of poisoning, what is the cabin crew’s first step?

Identify the poison and call medical professionals Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the minimum number of Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) units required on a B737 aircraft?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for disposing of waste contaminated by an infectious passenger?

Use a biohazard bag and follow airline disposal protocols Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured before delivering a shock with an AED?

No one is in contact with the casualty Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason to avoid inducing vomiting in a poisoned passenger?

Vomiting might cause aspiration and further injury Signup and view all the answers

What should always be done after delivering a shock with an AED?

Continue CPR if the person shows no signs of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct response if a PBE's oxygen flow stops?

Change to an alternative oxygen source Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger ingests a toxic substance, which action is appropriate for cabin crew?

Identify the poison and provide oxygen if necessary Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'S' in the SAMPLE method stand for during casualty assessment?

Symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which action should cabin crew prioritize during rapid cabin decompression?

Administer supplemental oxygen to crew and passengers Signup and view all the answers

Which item is included in an emergency childbirth kit on an aircraft?

Sterile scissors for cutting the umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What key action should be taken immediately after a baby is delivered in-flight?

Clear the baby's airway and ensure it is breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign indicating possible hypoxia in passengers?

Cyanosis of the lips and extremities Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the automatic deployment of passenger oxygen masks occur?

18,000 feet Signup and view all the answers

When performing CPR, what is the ideal ratio of compressions to breaths for an adult?

30 compressions to 2 breaths Signup and view all the answers

How long can passenger oxygen masks provide oxygen after deployment?

15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a suspected spinal injury, what is the primary precaution for cabin crew?

Restrict any movement of the passenger until help arrives Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do when a passenger generates waste due to a contagious illness?

Double-bag the waste and store it in a secure area Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do for a passenger experiencing symptoms of a stroke?

Provide oxygen and prepare for possible medical diversion Signup and view all the answers

What is a system's primary function when using the high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle?

To deliver concentrated oxygen during critical medical events Signup and view all the answers

How deep should chest compressions be during CPR on an adult?

At least 2 inches Signup and view all the answers

When a passenger is suspected of suffering from decompression sickness, what symptom is most critical to monitor?

Joint pain and rash Signup and view all the answers

Before delivering a shock with an AED, what must be confirmed?

Ensure no one is touching the casualty Signup and view all the answers

Why should the valve on a portable oxygen bottle be opened gradually?

To prevent sudden oxygen flow that could damage connections Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change at high altitudes makes hypoxia particularly dangerous?

Low oxygen saturation in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What position is most suitable for a mother during an emergency childbirth?

Semi-sitting with knees bent Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate position for a passenger in anaphylactic shock?

Reclining with legs elevated Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action for treating a minor burn onboard?

Run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

When should cabin crew replace a portable oxygen bottle during usage?

When the oxygen drops below 500 PSI Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and most appropriate action to take when treating a thermal burn?

Run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to pop or puncture blistered skin when treating a burn?

It increases the risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

When should the umbilical cord be clamped and cut during an in-flight delivery?

Once breathing is stabilized Signup and view all the answers

Why should cabin crew not place objects in a passenger's mouth during a seizure?

It could cause choking or airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What potential harm can arise from applying ice directly to a burn?

It could lead to frostbite and further damage Signup and view all the answers

How should chemical burns be treated onboard aircraft?

Flush the area with water, then remove clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for a passenger suspected of decompression sickness?

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do with waste produced from an infectious disease incident?

Store in a biohazard bag and adhere to protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when a passenger shows signs of hypoxia?

Provide supplemental oxygen immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended technique for a passenger experiencing ear barotrauma?

Advise swallowing, yawning, or performing the Valsalva maneuver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for isolating an infectious passenger from others onboard?

To minimize exposure and prevent further infection spread Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)?

To provide a longer oxygen supply during emergencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical reason for elevating a passenger's legs during a medical emergency?

To increase blood flow to the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of rebreathing into a paper bag for a passenger experiencing hyperventilation?

Excessive carbon dioxide build-up Signup and view all the answers

Which detail is least likely to be included in a Medical Report after an in-flight emergency?

Crew training details Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary takeaway for cabin crew when an AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

Resume CPR and provide chest compressions Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances may a passenger with a suspected spinal injury be moved?

In case of immediate danger to their safety Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom commonly experienced by someone suffering from hypoxia?

Confusion or euphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended for dealing with a conscious adult who is choking?

Administer oxygen while monitoring their condition Signup and view all the answers

When dealing with a passenger showing signs of stroke, what should cabin crew prioritize?

Monitoring vital signs and administering oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What critical step should follow immediately after a baby is delivered onboard?

Clear the airway to ensure the baby is breathing Signup and view all the answers

When should chest thrusts be employed instead of abdominal thrusts in a choking emergency?

For pregnant or obese passengers Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a Medical Report to be signed by a doctor during a medical incident?

To confirm the accuracy of the incident Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario might a medical report be especially crucial following an incident?

To ensure accurate treatment upon landing and continuity of care Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial procedure when encountering a potentially contagious passenger?

Reassign nearby passengers to alternate seating Signup and view all the answers

What step is needed if a passenger loses consciousness while choking?

Perform CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

CHAPTER 6 - FIRST AID

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of First Aid in aviation?

When is a Medical Clearance Form required for a passenger?

Which condition is not typically a reason for immediate medical diversion?

What is the correct sequence for Basic Life Support (BLS) using the DRABCD method?

How should chest compressions be modified for a pregnant woman during CPR?

What is the correct treatment for an adult passenger choking but still conscious?

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis that would require immediate medical diversion?

Where is the Automated External Defibrillator (AED) typically stored onboard?

What is the appropriate next step if a passenger begins to deliver a baby mid-flight?

Which symptom is most indicative of hypoglycemia in a passenger?

In which scenario would a medical diversion be necessary?

What is the first action taken if a passenger becomes unconscious while choking?

How should oxygen flow be verified before placing a mask on a passenger?

What action is required if a passenger shows signs of pneumothorax onboard?

What does the 'M' in the SAMPLE acronym stand for?

What is the recommended position for a passenger exhibiting symptoms of shock?

Why is it important to secure a medical report in a sealed envelope aboard the flight?

What compression-to-breath ratio is used for CPR on a child aged 1–8 years?

When treating a child aged 1–8 years, what chest compression-to-breath ratio should be used?

What is the first action to take if a passenger is found unresponsive but breathing normally?

In the case of suspected pneumothorax, which symptom is most critical to observe?

Which position should a passenger with shock be placed in during treatment?

What measurement indicates a proper depth for chest compressions on a child?

What action is necessary when a passenger displaying symptoms of anaphylaxis is identified?

What does a persistent dry cough coupled with a headache typically indicate?

Why is it advised to tilt a pregnant passenger to the left during CPR?

Which of the following is a critical symptom indicating the need for immediate oxygen?

What initial step should be taken when treating a passenger with obvious signs of head trauma?

What is the rationale behind performing five initial rescue breaths on a child before starting CPR?

In performing CPR, which rate is correct for artificial ventilation with a Bag-Valve Mask (BVM)?

What is a potential hazard when using the Rautek maneuver to assist an unconscious passenger?

What is the primary action to take for a choking adult who cannot speak?

What indicates that a passenger may be suffering from hypoxia?

What is the most important step for a passenger who experiences shock?

During DRABCD, what does the 'Danger' step emphasize?

What is the proper compression depth when performing CPR on a child aged 1-8 years?

What is an appropriate action for an unconscious passenger who is breathing normally?

Which of the following steps is crucial when using an Epipen?

What is the first action when a passenger shows symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during a flight?

What critical information does a Medical Clearance Form provide?

What factor determines if a passenger needs a medical escort during a flight?

In managing a choking situation, what is NOT a recommended action for a conscious adult?

What is an appropriate step to take if a death occurs onboard the aircraft?

What is the maximum expected duration for a passenger using oxygen therapy from a high-flow outlet?

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for adults during CPR?

What is the first step cabin crew should take when treating hypoxia?

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio during CPR for an adult?

Which action should cabin crew take first if a passenger faints but regains consciousness?

What is the primary role of the second cabin crew member (Communicator) during a medical emergency?

What is the correct treatment sequence for a severe allergic reaction onboard?

What is the correct placement of AED pads for a child aged 1-8 years?

What is the correct step if a passenger becomes unconscious due to choking?

What action should be taken if the AED indicates a low battery?

How should the Epipen be administered in the case of anaphylaxis?

When is the use of handcuffs justified aboard an aircraft?

In the event of a medical diversion, how long should cabin crew wait before deciding based on continuing unconsciousness?

What are the critical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

What is the correct method for securing a deceased passenger during landing?

What should cabin crew do first when treating a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) during a flight?

What is the correct depth of chest compressions for CPR on a newborn?

What technique should be used to open a child's airway for rescue breaths?

If the AED states 'No shock required,' what should be the next action?

Which site is appropriate for checking a newborn's pulse?

What symptom indicates that a birth is imminent onboard?

What should be done for a passenger exhibiting disruptive behavior that endangers others?

Which is the correct technique for infant chest compressions?

What indicates that a passenger is choking?

What should be the immediate response for a conscious passenger who has fainted?

What is the proper compression-to-breath ratio for infant CPR?

How should an oxygen mask flow be tested during an emergency?

What signs suggest that a passenger is at risk of severe choking?

What type of medical issues does First Aid in aviation primarily address?

Under which circumstance must a passenger provide a Medical Clearance Form?

Which of the following medical conditions is least likely to necessitate an immediate diversion?

In Basic Life Support (BLS), what is the correct order of actions in the DRABCD method?

What modification should be made when performing CPR on a pregnant woman?