CHAPTER 6 - FIRST AID
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of First Aid in aviation?

  • To administer emergency treatment for sudden illness or injury until professional help arrives. (correct)
  • To provide long-term medical care until a hospital is reached.
  • To prevent any medical issues during the flight by administering preventive care.
  • To replace medical professionals onboard in case of emergencies.

When is a Medical Clearance Form required for a passenger?

  • When a passenger cannot sit upright. (correct)
  • For infants over 10 days old.
  • For passengers with mild psychiatric disorders without escorts.
  • Within 14 days of a minor fracture.

Which condition is not typically a reason for immediate medical diversion?

  • Impending childbirth with contractions.
  • Continuing unconsciousness for more than 5 minutes.
  • Severe unrelieved pain.
  • Mild symptoms of hypoxia. (correct)

What is the correct sequence for Basic Life Support (BLS) using the DRABCD method?

<p>Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chest compressions be modified for a pregnant woman during CPR?

<p>Place hands slightly higher on the chest and tilt the body slightly to the left. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment for an adult passenger choking but still conscious?

<p>Heimlich maneuver 5 times, alternating with 5 sharp back blows until the airway is cleared. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis that would require immediate medical diversion?

<p>Difficulty breathing, swelling, and rash. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Automated External Defibrillator (AED) typically stored onboard?

<p>In a conspicuous and easily accessible location in the cabin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate next step if a passenger begins to deliver a baby mid-flight?

<p>Prepare for delivery, ensure cleanliness, and contact Medlink or ground support for guidance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most indicative of hypoglycemia in a passenger?

<p>Pale, sweaty skin and confusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a medical diversion be necessary?

<p>A passenger with unrelieved breathing difficulties for 5 minutes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action taken if a passenger becomes unconscious while choking?

<p>Deliver 30 chest compressions immediately, then check for the obstruction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should oxygen flow be verified before placing a mask on a passenger?

<p>Listen for the hissing sound and observe the inflation of the reservoir bag. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is required if a passenger shows signs of pneumothorax onboard?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep the passenger calm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' in the SAMPLE acronym stand for?

<p>Medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a passenger exhibiting symptoms of shock?

<p>Lay flat, elevate their legs, and keep them warm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to secure a medical report in a sealed envelope aboard the flight?

<p>To keep it confidential and ensure it is handed over to medical authorities on the ground. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compression-to-breath ratio is used for CPR on a child aged 1–8 years?

<p>15:2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating a child aged 1–8 years, what chest compression-to-breath ratio should be used?

<p>15:2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take if a passenger is found unresponsive but breathing normally?

<p>Place them in the recovery position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of suspected pneumothorax, which symptom is most critical to observe?

<p>Sudden severe chest pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a passenger with shock be placed in during treatment?

<p>Flat with legs elevated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement indicates a proper depth for chest compressions on a child?

<p>5–6 cm deep. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary when a passenger displaying symptoms of anaphylaxis is identified?

<p>Provide an Epipen and ensure airway is open. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a persistent dry cough coupled with a headache typically indicate?

<p>Need for oxygen administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to tilt a pregnant passenger to the left during CPR?

<p>To avoid pressure on the fetus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical symptom indicating the need for immediate oxygen?

<p>Bluish skin and confusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial step should be taken when treating a passenger with obvious signs of head trauma?

<p>Issue a Medical Clearance Form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind performing five initial rescue breaths on a child before starting CPR?

<p>To provide effective oxygenation before compressions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In performing CPR, which rate is correct for artificial ventilation with a Bag-Valve Mask (BVM)?

<p>One breath every 5–6 seconds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential hazard when using the Rautek maneuver to assist an unconscious passenger?

<p>Risk of causing further injury to the spine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action to take for a choking adult who cannot speak?

<p>Perform 5 sharp back blows and assess effectiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a passenger may be suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Blue discoloration of the face and rapid heartbeat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important step for a passenger who experiences shock?

<p>Tilt the passenger slightly to the left and provide oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DRABCD, what does the 'Danger' step emphasize?

<p>Identifying potential hazards in the surroundings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper compression depth when performing CPR on a child aged 1-8 years?

<p>1/3 of the chest depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate action for an unconscious passenger who is breathing normally?

<p>Place the passenger in a recovery position. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is crucial when using an Epipen?

<p>Administer it into the thigh muscle only if the patient is conscious. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action when a passenger shows symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during a flight?

<p>Keep the passenger seated and calm while administering oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical information does a Medical Clearance Form provide?

<p>Confirmation that a passenger is fit to fly with specific medical conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines if a passenger needs a medical escort during a flight?

<p>A psychiatric disorder posing a risk to themselves or others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing a choking situation, what is NOT a recommended action for a conscious adult?

<p>Give water to help wash down the obstruction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate step to take if a death occurs onboard the aircraft?

<p>Secure the body to the seat and cover it respectfully. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum expected duration for a passenger using oxygen therapy from a high-flow outlet?

<p>30 minutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for adults during CPR?

<p>5-6 cm deep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step cabin crew should take when treating hypoxia?

<p>Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio during CPR for an adult?

<p>30:2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should cabin crew take first if a passenger faints but regains consciousness?

<p>Lay the passenger down, raise their legs, and loosen tight clothing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the second cabin crew member (Communicator) during a medical emergency?

<p>Making announcements and notifying the flight deck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment sequence for a severe allergic reaction onboard?

<p>Administer an Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess the passenger’s pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct placement of AED pads for a child aged 1-8 years?

<p>On the chest and directly opposite on the back (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct step if a passenger becomes unconscious due to choking?

<p>Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the AED indicates a low battery?

<p>Replace the battery immediately before use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the Epipen be administered in the case of anaphylaxis?

<p>Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds, then massage the area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the use of handcuffs justified aboard an aircraft?

<p>To secure a violent passenger posing a risk to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a medical diversion, how long should cabin crew wait before deciding based on continuing unconsciousness?

<p>5 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the critical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

<p>Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, and faintness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method for securing a deceased passenger during landing?

<p>Leave the body in their seat, secured with a seatbelt and covered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first when treating a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) during a flight?

<p>Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger’s breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct depth of chest compressions for CPR on a newborn?

<p>1/4 the depth of the chest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be used to open a child's airway for rescue breaths?

<p>Use the head-tilt and chin-lift technique. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the AED states 'No shock required,' what should be the next action?

<p>Continue chest compressions and recheck every 2 minutes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is appropriate for checking a newborn's pulse?

<p>Brachial artery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates that a birth is imminent onboard?

<p>Contractions occurring every 2–3 minutes with water breaking. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a passenger exhibiting disruptive behavior that endangers others?

<p>Issue a second warning card and use handcuffs if necessary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct technique for infant chest compressions?

<p>Use the middle of the chest with two fingers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a passenger is choking?

<p>The passenger clutches their throat and cannot breathe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate response for a conscious passenger who has fainted?

<p>Lay them flat, elevate their legs, and loosen tight clothing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper compression-to-breath ratio for infant CPR?

<p>3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should an oxygen mask flow be tested during an emergency?

<p>Check for hissing sounds and ensure proper inflation of the bag. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signs suggest that a passenger is at risk of severe choking?

<p>They turn pale and sweat excessively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medical issues does First Aid in aviation primarily address?

<p>Emergency situations before professional medical help is available. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstance must a passenger provide a Medical Clearance Form?

<p>If they are unable to maintain an upright sitting position. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medical conditions is least likely to necessitate an immediate diversion?

<p>Symptoms consistent with mild hypoxia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Basic Life Support (BLS), what is the correct order of actions in the DRABCD method?

<p>Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What modification should be made when performing CPR on a pregnant woman?

<p>Shift her body to the left for better circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an adult passenger is choking but conscious, what is the immediate recommended treatment?

<p>Five abdominal thrusts followed by back blows. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the critical signs of anaphylaxis that necessitate immediate medical attention?

<p>Swelling, difficulty breathing, and hives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a location for storing an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) onboard?

<p>Crew rest area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the AED pads be placed for a child aged 1–8 years?

<p>On the chest and directly opposite on the back. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first when treating a passenger with hypoxia?

<p>Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Rautek maneuver?

<p>To safely move an unconscious person while protecting the spine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing a severe allergic reaction onboard, what is the first step?

<p>Administer an Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess the passenger’s pulse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signs and symptoms are critical for hypoglycemia identification?

<p>Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, and faintness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first if a passenger faints but regains consciousness?

<p>Lay the passenger down, raise their legs, and loosen tight clothing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action if a passenger becomes unconscious due to choking?

<p>Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a passenger faints during a flight?

<p>Lay the passenger flat and elevate their legs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a medical diversion, how long should cabin crew wait before reassessing a passenger based on unconsciousness?

<p>5 minutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct administration angle for an Epipen in case of anaphylaxis?

<p>Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds, then massage the area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary if a passenger exhibits symptoms of pneumothorax onboard?

<p>Administer oxygen and prepare for immediate chest decompression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration a passenger on oxygen therapy can be expected to use a high-flow outlet from an oxygen cylinder?

<p>30 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates that a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Blue discoloration of the face and rapid heartbeat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a passenger suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) during the flight?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep the passenger seated calmly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the cabin crew respond if a death occurs onboard?

<p>Inform the captain, secure the body to the seat, and cover it respectfully (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh' mnemonic refer to?

<p>Method of administering an Epipen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct behavior for checking normal breathing during a medical emergency?

<p>Look, listen, and feel for breath for up to 10 seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment for a conscious passenger experiencing an asthma attack?

<p>Encourage the passenger to use their inhaler, assist with oxygen if needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicative symptoms may suggest that a passenger is experiencing shock?

<p>Cold, clammy skin and a rapid, weak pulse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the proper action to take for a choking adult who cannot speak?

<p>Perform 5 sharp back blows and assess effectiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for newborns born mid-flight?

<p>3:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action when a passenger is diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder that poses risks?

<p>A psychiatric disorder posing a risk to themselves or others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate next step after discovering a passenger is unconscious but still breathing normally?

<p>Place them in the recovery position and administer oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is advised when taking care of a passenger with suspected pneumothorax?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep them calm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is a classic indicator of an allergic reaction requiring immediate intervention?

<p>Rapid swelling in the throat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended main action when facing a suspected airway obstruction in a conscious passenger?

<p>Perform a modified Heimlich maneuver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the repositioning of a patient in shock?

<p>Elevate their legs to promote blood flow to the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should chest compressions be prioritized over rescue breaths during CPR?

<p>If the victim is unconscious and not breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken for a passenger experiencing severe chest pain possibly related to a heart condition?

<p>Administer oxygen and monitor their vital signs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response for a passenger who displays signs of heat exhaustion?

<p>Provide them with a cold compress and rest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a passenger with an open wound be managed to prevent infection?

<p>Cover the wound with a dry dressing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates pneumothorax symptoms from those of other respiratory conditions?

<p>Sudden onset of sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when facing a suspected spinal injury during an extraction?

<p>Stabilizing their limbs prior to moving them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most critical to identify for immediate first aid?

<p>Pulmonary edema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication is most likely when an adult shows signs of anaphylaxis?

<p>Rapid swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in recognizing a child in need of CPR before starting interventions?

<p>The absence of breathing and pulse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main logic behind placing a patient with a suspected heart attack in a specific position?

<p>To limit movement and rest the heart. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is least effective for managing a patient with severe anxiety during a medical situation?

<p>Speaking in a hurried manner to alleviate their anxiety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate initial treatment for a pregnant passenger showing signs of an asthma attack during the flight?

<p>Administer oxygen and encourage the use of their inhaler. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a passenger exhibits symptoms indicating immediate oxygen therapy is necessary?

<p>Administer oxygen immediately and reposition if necessary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for monitoring the pulse of a newborn during CPR?

<p>Every minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should an AED be used if it shows a low battery warning before use?

<p>Continue with the AED as it may still work temporarily. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing a choking child, how many back blows should be administered?

<p>5 back blows. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper airway management technique for a child in respiratory distress?

<p>Use the head-tilt and chin-lift technique. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if a passenger experiences fainting during flight but regains consciousness?

<p>Monitor and provide reassurance until they are fully alert. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the chest compressions for an infant be performed regarding positioning?

<p>Middle of the chest using two fingers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is the correct pulse check location for a newborn?

<p>Brachial artery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical step following the AED's assessment states 'No shock required'?

<p>Continue chest compressions and recheck every 2 minutes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the second warning card for disruptive behavior be issued to a passenger?

<p>After the first warning has been ignored. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression-to-breath ratio for CPR on an infant?

<p>3:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a passenger's oxygen mask be checked for proper flow during an emergency?

<p>Listen for hissing sounds and check for bag inflation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member do first if a passenger becomes unconscious while exhibiting signs of shock?

<p>Lay the passenger flat and elevate their legs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key step should be taken immediately upon confirming a passenger is inflicted with choking?

<p>Perform abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is relieved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a flight crew check for proper oxygen flow from an onboard mask before assisting a passenger?

<p>Listen for the hiss sound and check the bag structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken when a passenger shows symptoms of severe acute hypoglycemia?

<p>Administer a sugar solution or glucose tablets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms would indicate that a passenger might experience a serious cardiac event?

<p>Shooting pain down the arm and jaw. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be prioritized for a passenger exhibiting signs of cerebral hypoxia on a flight?

<p>Administer supplemental oxygen immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical consideration when a passenger is in the recovery position?

<p>Keeping the airway clear and ensuring they are breathing properly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the SAMPLE acronym stand for during medical assessments?

<p>Allergies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should aspirin be administered to a passenger suspected of having a heart attack?

<p>When they are conscious and can chew it safely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a possible complication for newborns under seven days old during flight?

<p>Difficulty in adjusting to cabin pressure changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate measure should cabin crew take if a passenger goes unconscious after exhibiting symptoms of anaphylaxis?

<p>Locate and administer an Epipen if available. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression depth for performing CPR on an adult?

<p>2-2.5 inches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a flight crew identifies a passenger with pneumonia, what should be their primary concern?

<p>Observing for signs of respiratory distress. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for providing first aid if a passenger exhibits breathing difficulties?

<p>Administer oxygen, call for assistance, and monitor breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be monitored due to the risk of thromboembolism during flights?

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step should be taken if an AED indicates 'No shock advised'?

<p>Continue chest compressions and reanalyze after two minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific observation is essential during a childbirth situation to justify medical diversion?

<p>Frequent contractions with ruptured membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing an AED for use, what is the first action required?

<p>Turn on the device (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should cabin crew handle a passenger with visible blisters from chickenpox cautiously?

<p>To minimize the risk of communicable diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for checking the validity of a medical clearance form before boarding?

<p>To ensure the passenger’s health status is current (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated if a passenger appears unconscious yet responsive to painful stimuli during assessment?

<p>There is a need for further neurological examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when administering CPR in a confined cabin space?

<p>Restrictions in maintaining a proper compression depth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken before allowing a passenger to board with a recent heart attack history?

<p>A medical professional must evaluate their condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper action to take if a casualty is found vomiting while unconscious?

<p>Turn their head to the side to prevent choking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response if a passenger’s breathing is compromised while seated?

<p>Relocate the passenger to an aisle seat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to communicate with the flight deck during a medical emergency?

<p>To ensure coordination with ground medical teams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is indicative of asthma attacks in-flight that may necessitate immediate intervention?

<p>Asthmatic symptoms accompanied by chest tightness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can increase the risk of injury during turbulence?

<p>Overweight passengers with limited mobility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate risk may occur with a plaster cast applied within 72 hours of a fracture?

<p>Increased risk of edema that could lead to compartment syndrome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition mandates a minimum of 14 days of medical clearance before flight?

<p>Recent head injury with any loss of consciousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for isolating a passenger with visible signs of chickenpox onboard?

<p>To minimize the risk of contagion to other passengers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acronym is vital for cabin crew when assessing a casualty’s situation during emergencies?

<p>SAMPLE. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical factor must be considered when positioning electrodes for an AED on a passenger with a pacemaker?

<p>Electrodes should be at least 2 cm away from the pacemaker. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing a passenger’s chest for AED electrode placement, what should be avoided?

<p>Excessive body hair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do first if a passenger shows signs of anaphylaxis?

<p>Use an EpiPen without delay. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of failing to secure a medical report in a sealed envelope during a flight?

<p>Confidentiality breaches could occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is accurate depth crucial in chest compressions during CPR?

<p>To maximize blood circulation to the heart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of stretchers permissible on an aircraft?

<p>Two. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific indicator suggests a passenger may be suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Cyanosis or blue-tinged skin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should cabin crew divert a flight in the case of a suspected stroke?

<p>Upon recognizing abnormal speech patterns or confusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important action to take for a choking adult who can still speak?

<p>Encourage them to cough forcefully. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the cabin crew prioritize when a passenger goes into respiratory distress during a flight?

<p>Quickly administering the onboard oxygen supply if available. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason young infants are more susceptible to hypoxia during flight?

<p>Their lungs are not fully developed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member verify before using medication from a medical kit?

<p>The expiry date on the packaging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances should a second warning card be issued to a disruptive passenger?

<p>When the passenger is endangering others or continues the disruptive behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing SAMPLE during a medical emergency?

<p>To gather comprehensive medical history for accurate treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In responding to severe turbulence-related injuries, which action is prioritized?

<p>Inform the flight deck and administer first aid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chest compressions be adapted for a pregnant passenger during CPR?

<p>A cushion should be placed under the right hip to improve circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'no shock advised' message indicate when using an AED?

<p>The passenger’s heart rhythm does not require defibrillation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential position should an unconscious passenger maintain to prevent airway obstruction?

<p>Recovery position on their side. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to ensure a tight seal on the Ambu bag before ventilation?

<p>To ensure proper chest rise during breaths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current guideline on compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR onboard?

<p>30 compressions to 2 breaths. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key factor must be assessed to distinguish gasping from effective breathing?

<p>Irregular, shallow breaths resembling choking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason for monitoring oxygen saturation levels during in-flight emergencies?

<p>To prevent over-oxygenation, which can lead to respiratory arrest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the recovery position?

<p>To ensure the passenger can breathe while unconscious. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action to take if a passenger exhibits signs of hypoxia during a flight?

<p>Administer supplemental oxygen without delay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate method for assessing circulation in an unconscious passenger?

<p>Check for a carotid pulse on the neck. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a doctor on board declines to assist with an emergency due to their specialization?

<p>Continue with crew-led procedures while seeking advice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event that a passenger dies during the flight, what is the immediate protocol?

<p>Inform the captain, secure the body, and finish required documentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for tilting a passenger's head forward if they are experiencing vomiting?

<p>To prevent aspiration of the vomit into the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compression depth for chest compressions is recommended for an adult casualty?

<p>5-6 cm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct method for delivering breaths using an Ambu bag?

<p>Compress the bag slowly while monitoring for chest rise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended use of the shock button on a defibrillator?

<p>To reset the heart rhythm with an electric shock. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When faced with a choking adult passenger who can still cough, what is the best course of action?

<p>Encourage the passenger to continue coughing forcefully. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action must be taken after successfully resuscitating a passenger?

<p>Conduct a thorough assessment and provide oxygen as necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time recommended for checking for normal breathing during casualty assessment?

<p>10 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be avoided when managing a casualty’s airway?

<p>Inserting your fingers to search for blockages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to dry the casualty’s chest before attaching AED electrodes?

<p>Wet skin interferes with electrical conductivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the flight deck be informed of a situation involving severe turbulence-related injuries?

<p>Immediately after the injury is confirmed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rautek maneuver during a medical emergency?

<p>To safely move an unconscious passenger out of a seat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for requiring medical clearance for passengers with recent fractures?

<p>To assess the risk of thrombosis due to immobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first response to a passenger suffering from an anaphylactic reaction?

<p>Locate and assist with their prescribed epinephrine auto-injector (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response when a passenger suffers from a severe asthma attack?

<p>Locate and assist with their prescribed inhaler (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are resuscitation efforts on pregnant women modified to include a tilt under the right hip?

<p>To relieve pressure on the major blood vessels caused by the fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done immediately after a passenger suffers from a suspected stroke onboard?

<p>Provide oxygen and monitor their condition closely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a medical report be completed if a casualty passes away during the flight?

<p>Include detailed information about the passenger and the incident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vital sign is crucial for assessing a casualty's response to CPR?

<p>Depth and rate of chest compressions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an asthma attack, what action should be prioritized for a conscious casualty?

<p>Administer oxygen and provide their prescribed inhaler (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is inappropriate when managing a seizure in a casualty?

<p>Place a soft object in their mouth to prevent choking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression depth for adult CPR?

<p>5-6 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after delivering an AED shock to a casualty?

<p>Resume chest compressions immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation should NOT trigger the immediate involvement of first aid skills onboard?

<p>Passengers with minor injuries requiring attention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial focus for a first aider encountering a medical emergency onboard?

<p>Assessing their own and the crew's safety promptly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a medical volunteer's credentials, what is considered the best practice?

<p>Asking for identification proving their medical expertise. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the first priority be when facing a hazardous situation before administering care?

<p>Checking for bystanders and securing the area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the communicator during a medical drill?

<p>Coordinating with the captain and gathering volunteers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken first when finding a passenger unresponsive?

<p>Invoke emergency protocols and call for help. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the AVPU consciousness assessment scale, what does 'U' specifically indicate?

<p>Unresponsive state needing urgent attention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is most effective for managing hyperventilation?

<p>Encourage the casualty to focus on calming techniques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if a passenger suspected of experiencing a heart attack is found unresponsive?

<p>Administer chest compressions immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended for assessing responsiveness in an unconscious casualty?

<p>Use the AVPU scale to evaluate consciousness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected physiological response to hyperventilation?

<p>Respiratory alkalosis due to decreased carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the use of an AED, which statement is true?

<p>Turn on the AED and follow its prompts before applying pads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which physiological circumstance does cyanosis most commonly occur?

<p>During oxygen deprivation or hypoxia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position is most appropriate for a casualty experiencing shock?

<p>Elevation of the legs if no spinal injury is suspected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using the AVPU scale in emergency situations?

<p>To determine the casualty's level of consciousness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a medical emergency involving anaphylaxis?

<p>Hives and swelling of the face and throat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is indicative of hyperglycemia in a casualty?

<p>Fruity or sweet-smelling breath. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT appropriate when managing a choking infant?

<p>Administer abdominal thrusts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an emergency scenario, how should chest compressions for CPR be effectively delivered?

<p>With both hands at a depth equal to one-third of the chest depth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action if an AED advises 'No Shock'?

<p>Perform CPR for 2 minutes before reanalyzing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event characterizes the first priority when dealing with an unconscious adult casualty?

<p>Check for breathing and start CPR if needed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for an asthmatic passenger if symptoms remain after inhaler use?

<p>Provide oxygen and observe for improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is best indicated by cold, clammy skin and a rapid, weak pulse?

<p>Shock. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with the administration of abdominal thrusts?

<p>Internal injury or bruising. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with hypoxia?

<p>Fruity breath odor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first action taken for a casualty experiencing a seizure?

<p>Pad the area to prevent injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acronym is utilized to identify potential stroke symptoms?

<p>BE FAST (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a casualty who is conscious but unable to respond to verbal commands?

<p>Unresponsive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper depth for chest compressions during adult CPR?

<p>5-6 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

<p>30:2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DRABCD signify in basic life support?

<p>Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which condition should a captain be notified immediately?

<p>Severe, unrelieved pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if an unconscious infant has an open airway but no breathing?

<p>Perform chest compressions at a ratio of 15:2. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member prioritize when encountering a passenger with severe abdominal pain?

<p>Recognizing and responding to a potential abdominal emergency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendation is best for a passenger experiencing diarrhea during a flight?

<p>Sip water and consume starchy foods if desired. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latest stage of pregnancy at which a mother can safely fly?

<p>After 35 weeks for single pregnancies and 28 weeks for multiples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate step should be taken when a passenger appears to be miscarrying?

<p>Collect expelled material discreetly and store it for medical evaluation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is skin-to-skin contact important immediately after childbirth?

<p>To warm the baby and stimulate bonding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position is recommended for a mother experiencing active labor when the baby’s head is crowning?

<p>In a semi-sitting position with support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to support the baby's head during emergency childbirth?

<p>Apply pressure to prevent sudden delivery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should resuscitation be initiated for a newborn who is not breathing?

<p>Gently flick the soles of the feet and dry the baby with a towel. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action when a cabin crew member observes a passenger with signs of hypoxia?

<p>Reassure the passenger and administer oxygen at 4 liters per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a suspected miscarriage onboard, what is the best approach for managing the situation?

<p>Position the casualty comfortably with knees bent, provide a sanitary pad, and seek medical help. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical consideration for using a tourniquet effectively for severe bleeding?

<p>Tighten the tourniquet until bleeding ceases and document the time of application. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a passenger experiencing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), what is the primary aim?

<p>Prevent movement to avoid further aggravation of the condition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a cabin crew member handle a passenger reported to have a chemical burn to the eye?

<p>Flush the eye with water from the nose outward and keep the passenger calm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate action for a passenger experiencing heat exhaustion?

<p>Encourage the passenger to rest in a cool, shaded area with fluids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in managing a nosebleed following a suspected head injury?

<p>Advise the casualty to lean forward and apply direct pressure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of emergency childbirth, what action should be taken immediately after the baby's head is delivered?

<p>Support the baby’s head and gently guide the shoulders out. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended support for a passenger with altitude-induced sinus pain?

<p>Advise the passenger to yawn, swallow, or use a nasal spray. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure when dealing with a severe allergic reaction during the flight?

<p>Quickly administer an Epipen and seek further medical help if needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Provide immediate oxygen and monitor the passenger for improvement within 15 seconds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and most critical step when managing a chemical burn?

<p>Flush the affected area with running water immediately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a newborn is not breathing after delivery, what is the first response?

<p>Clear the airway and stimulate the infant to breathe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most important when dealing with a severe allergic reaction?

<p>Administer an Epipen if available and seek immediate assistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response to a suspected spinal injury during an emergency?

<p>Keep the casualty in their current position and wait for medical help. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a passenger exhibiting symptoms of shock?

<p>Keep the passenger warm and position them on their back with legs elevated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you respond to a passenger experiencing altitude sickness?

<p>Position the passenger at a seat over the wings for stability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first response to a cabin pressurization failure?

<p>Dispense oxygen masks to all passengers and limit movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be prioritized when handling biohazard waste?

<p>Label and store items in a biohazard bag appropriately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a persistent nosebleed does not stop after 30 minutes, what should you do?

<p>Reapply pressure and call for medical assistance immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the time-of-useful-consciousness chart in emergency situations?

<p>It determines how much time is available for effective action at high altitudes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the accurate handling method for severe partial-thickness burns?

<p>Cover the burn with a sterile dressing, avoiding breakages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a casualty suffering from deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Elevate the leg to aid circulation and limit movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is a strong indicator of a newborn needing immediate attention after delivery?

<p>Failure to cry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical step to take when treating a passenger showing signs of severe dehydration?

<p>Administer intravenous fluids if available. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be avoided when a dressing becomes soaked during severe bleeding?

<p>Changing the dressing frequently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating an eye chemical splash, which method is recommended?

<p>Flush the eye continuously from the nose side outward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of tourniquet application, which statement is true?

<p>Any excessive bleeding requires immediate medical help post-application. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended procedure after applying a tourniquet for severe bleeding?

<p>Document the time and seek immediate care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a situation of a suspected spinal injury, what should be prioritized?

<p>Immobilizing the spine and neck. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vital sign is essential to monitor during suspected hypoxia?

<p>Oxygen saturation levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a passenger has a nosebleed?

<p>Have the passenger lean slightly forward. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate step to take when treating a burn from boiling water?

<p>Run cold water over the burn for at least 10 minutes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct approach to manage air sickness for a passenger?

<p>Move them to a seat near the wings for stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with an amputated limb before medical assistance arrives?

<p>Wrap in a wet cloth and keep warm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should an expectant mother be supported during labor's second stage?

<p>Assist with gentle pushing to support head emergence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken when treating a major open abdominal wound?

<p>Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and protect exposed organs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of a suspected skull fracture causing a nosebleed, what would be the most appropriate response?

<p>Monitor for blood flow without intervention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If direct pressure does not control severe external bleeding, what is the next appropriate step?

<p>Apply a tourniquet above the bleeding site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinguishing feature of partial-thickness burns compared to superficial burns?

<p>Blisters and raw skin are evident. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating chemical burns, what is the recommended primary action?

<p>Rinse the burn site with copious amounts of water immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What late sign of hypoxia should you be vigilant for during a flight?

<p>Decreased breathing rate and slurred speech. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should cabin crew members assist a passenger experiencing rapid decompression?

<p>Ensure they put on their oxygen mask before assistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a heightened risk of developing DVT during long flights?

<p>Pregnant individuals and heavy smokers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct protocol for using the Biohazard Kit onboard?

<p>Segregate and label all biohazardous materials appropriately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the CCM's priority in treating a heatstroke victim?

<p>Promptly reduce body temperature with cooling techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dealing with suspected communicable disease onboard, what action should be taken?

<p>Isolate them and ensure they wear a mask. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is the best way to prevent earaches due to pressure changes during a flight?

<p>Encourage swallowing, yawning, or chewing to equalize pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What course of action should be taken if symptoms of DVT are noted in a passenger?

<p>Seek medical advice and elevate the leg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of an anaphylactic reaction?

<p>Hypersensitivity to a previously encountered substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is least associated with an anaphylactic shock?

<p>Severe headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do the effects of an adrenaline injection in the context of anaphylactic shock typically last?

<p>15 to 20 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended as part of the treatment for a heart attack?

<p>Use cold compress on the forehead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feeling reported by individuals experiencing a heart attack?

<p>Impending doom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is involved in initiating first aid for anaphylactic shock?

<p>Begin with a DRABCD approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily responsible for the symptoms observed during anaphylactic shock?

<p>Histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position should a casualty in anaphylactic shock be placed in to assist with breathing?

<p>Half-sitting position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom that may indicate a heart attack rather than angina?

<p>Pain that does not alleviate with medication within 20 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be prioritized for a casualty experiencing a stroke?

<p>Place the casualty in the recovery position if unconscious (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger that may lead to an asthma attack?

<p>Cold weather (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a diabetic emergency, what might indicate high blood sugar rather than low blood sugar?

<p>Extreme thirst and fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when managing a casualty with severe breathing difficulties during an asthma attack?

<p>Loosen any tight clothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is least likely to be associated with a stroke?

<p>Consistent headache (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step should be omitted if a casualty with angina has no medication available?

<p>Inform the Captain for immediate medical assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BE FAST help to identify?

<p>Symptoms of stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can cause a casualty to display a pale or ashen grey color?

<p>Angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication if an asthmatic does not respond to their inhaler?

<p>They might require a stronger medication or medical diversion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the need for a casualty to remain in a semi-sitting position if experiencing angina?

<p>To relieve chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is typically used for managing an angina attack?

<p>Nitroglycerin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should immediate medical assistance be sought for a casualty with suspected stroke symptoms?

<p>At the first sign of symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of a full thickness burn caused by fire?

<p>Black and charred skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate action for treating minor burns?

<p>Apply ointment to the burn for healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of chemical burns, what should be done first?

<p>Flush the contaminated area with water immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of partial thickness burns?

<p>Skin appears raw with blisters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to remove clothing from a scald area during treatment?

<p>Clothing can retain heat and worsen the burn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics indicates a serious burn that can be classified as full thickness?

<p>Waxy grey skin without sensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In treating major burns, what is the first step to ensure the casualty's safety?

<p>Remove the casualty from danger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of treating chemical splash injuries to the eye?

<p>Irrigate the eye for a minimum of 5 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does altitude have on the breathing process?

<p>It causes a decrease in atmospheric pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypoxia is defined as what condition?

<p>Insufficient oxygen levels in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with major head injury?

<p>Difficulty or limited movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when treating any burn?

<p>Bursting any blisters present on the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical condition of the skin in a patient experiencing hyperglycemia?

<p>Warm and dry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial position recommended for a casualty with a suspected spinal injury?

<p>Steady and supported position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief reason for pressurizing aircraft cabins?

<p>To maintain adequate levels of oxygen for survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym RICE stand for in treating sprains and strains?

<p>Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with hypoglycemia but not hyperglycemia?

<p>Presence of hunger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment step is crucial when managing major burns?

<p>Establish a clear airway and ensure breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a fractured limb, what treatment should be done first?

<p>Immobilize the limb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of treating unconscious hypoglycemia, what is the next step after ensuring the airway is clear?

<p>Provide oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key point should be followed when applying a dressing to a wound?

<p>Use a sterile dressing whenever possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of major epilepsy compared to minor epilepsy?

<p>Loss of bladder control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when managing a person experiencing a major epileptic seizure?

<p>Try to restrain their movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a first-degree burn symptom?

<p>Redness and swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is required if circulation is impaired after applying a bandage?

<p>Loosen the bandage and monitor closely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication of a child experiencing febrile convulsions?

<p>Flushed skin and violent twitching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are symptoms that may indicate hyperventilation?

<p>Numbness and rapid heartbeat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom accurately indicates a major head injury?

<p>Unequal pupils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct approach for a casualty with a suspected fractured spine?

<p>Use jaw thrust to keep the airway clear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating a child with febrile convulsions, which action is essential?

<p>Remove excess clothing gradually (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored every 10 minutes once a bandage is applied?

<p>Signs of restricted blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes hyperglycemia's onset from hypoglycemia's onset?

<p>Gradual for hyperglycemia, rapid for hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation requires a cabin crew member to inform the Captain and seek medical assistance?

<p>A passenger showing signs of a major head injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of hyperventilation, which is NOT recommended?

<p>Leaving the casualty alone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most likely present in an adult experiencing major epilepsy during a seizure?

<p>Cyanosis of the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper technique for supporting a limb that has been fractured?

<p>Utilize padding and immobilize (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a medical emergency, which step is important before providing patient treatment?

<p>Ensure there is no danger to yourself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an essential component of the treatment strategy for unconscious hypoglycemia?

<p>Seek urgent medical assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action required once a major seizure ceases?

<p>Assess the patient's pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a sprained ankle?

<p>Swelling and bruising over the area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken upon recognizing signs of hypoxia in a passenger?

<p>Administer oxygen promptly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the treatment of epilepsy during a seizure?

<p>Trying to prevent the seizure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a long-term effect of severe hypoxia?

<p>Unconsciousness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of mild dehydration?

<p>Dry lips and slightly dry mouth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is effective for someone experiencing heatstroke?

<p>Lower the body temperature rapidly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger exhibits hyperventilation during air sickness, what is the recommended response?

<p>Advise them to minimize head movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of severe dehydration, what is the best course of action?

<p>Seek medical advice immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with administering oxygen to a severely hypoxic passenger?

<p>It can temporarily worsen their health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cabin air quality at high altitudes regarding dehydration?

<p>It becomes dry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicative of severe dehydration?

<p>Rapid pulse over 100 bpm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the initial position of the head when clearing the airway of a newborn?

<p>In a neutral position without overextension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of prolonged exposure to altitude without proper oxygen supply?

<p>Altered mental state and amnesia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the treatment of minor wounds?

<p>Apply a tourniquet immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating air sickness, which action should be avoided?

<p>Encouraging rapid hydration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition poses a significant risk if mistaken for another during a medical emergency?

<p>Hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a need for immediate action when a newborn is not breathing?

<p>The baby is unresponsive and not breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when a passenger suffering from air sickness is treated?

<p>Limit reading and focusing activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct course of action if a dressing for a severe bleeding wound becomes blood-soaked?

<p>Apply a second dressing on top of the soaked one (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action to take if a miscarriage is suspected during a flight?

<p>Seek medical assistance and reassure the mother (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be avoided during a delivery on an aircraft?

<p>Pull on the baby to assist in delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a severe nosebleed lasting longer than 30 minutes, what should be done?

<p>Inform the Captain and seek medical help (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of heatstroke?

<p>Body temperature above 40°C. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is considered a sign of major internal bleeding in a casualty?

<p>Low blood pressure and rapid pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of breathing pattern could complicate recovery in a passenger experiencing hypoxia?

<p>Fast breathing or hyperventilation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary advice for a passenger experiencing diarrhea?

<p>Advise sips of water and starchy foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first after suspecting a casualty has internal bleeding?

<p>Lay the casualty flat and elevate their feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT typically restrict a pregnant woman from traveling by air?

<p>Traveling alone during any stage of pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should cabin crew respond if a newborn does not breathe spontaneously after birth?

<p>Attempt resuscitation measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a critical step in managing bleeding from a specific site like the nose?

<p>Have the casualty pinch the nose and lean forward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if the umbilical cord is around the baby's airway during delivery?

<p>Un-hock the cord if possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication that a casualty may have a major wound?

<p>The presence of embedded foreign objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when treating a casualty with a head injury?

<p>Managing airway obstruction, blood loss, or overheating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical sign indicates an abdominal emergency that crew should recognize?

<p>Sudden severe abdominal pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vital to monitor if a pregnant passenger experiences symptoms of shock?

<p>Both the mother and baby's vital signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a tourniquet be applied during the management of severe external bleeding?

<p>After direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding with three dressings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response for a casualty experiencing a nosebleed following a head injury?

<p>Seek immediate medical attention due to head trauma risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach should be taken with a passenger who exhibits cramp-like pains and vaginal bleeding?

<p>Reassure the casualty and assist to a comfortable position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is crucial when managing a major open abdominal wound?

<p>Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and protect protruding organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for cabin crew recognizing hyperventilation in passengers?

<p>Potential for hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a passenger with diarrhea, what type of food should they avoid?

<p>Dairy products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing to assess when treating a casualty with suspected shock?

<p>Look for signs of external bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to do after placing a paper bag over a passenger's nose and mouth to manage hyperventilation?

<p>Ask them to breathe normally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a pregnant passenger goes into labor during the flight?

<p>Request medical assistance and reassure the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the temperature decrease to approximately -56°C?

<p>36,000 ft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the middle ear when an aircraft ascends?

<p>Air expands and exerts pressure on the eardrum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common symptom of hypoxia?

<p>Confusion or drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can help equalize pressure in a healthy person's ears during descent?

<p>Yawning or chewing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected increase in volume of air in the body’s hollow cavities at a cabin altitude of 6,000 ft?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT particularly susceptible to hypoxia?

<p>Healthy individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if air in the sinuses is blocked due to inflammation?

<p>Pain may occur from trapped air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time of useful consciousness (TUC) at an altitude of 25,000 ft?

<p>3 to 5 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment approach is recommended for earache caused by pressure changes?

<p>Using nasal spray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does altitude have on gases in the intestinal tract?

<p>Gases expand and may cause discomfort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates late-stage hypoxia?

<p>Monochrome vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if expanded gas in the body cannot escape due to blockage?

<p>Pain and potential damage to the area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which altitude's cabin pressure is equivalent to 6,000 to 8,000 ft?

<p>Cruising altitude for commercial flights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risky group that may be more affected by hypoxia?

<p>Heavy smokers and the elderly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature as altitude increases according to the given information?

<p>It decreases at a rate of 0.65°C per 100m. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of partial oxygen pressure on human physiology?

<p>It affects the distribution of oxygen to living cells at certain levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ISA model assist in aerometric calibration?

<p>It helps calibrate instruments for altitude and airspeed measurements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the variations in atmospheric data is true?

<p>Actual atmospheric data can vary significantly based on environmental conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the definition of partial gas pressure in a gas mixture?

<p>It represents the pressure exerted by a single gas if isolated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first priority in managing a casualty experiencing heat-related issues?

<p>Move the casualty to a cool place. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a severe case of sunburn?

<p>Blistering of the skin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty becomes unconscious while experiencing heat issues?

<p>Open the airway and check their breathing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Engaging in regular exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In treating sunburn, what cooling method is recommended for the affected area?

<p>Soaking the area in cold water for ten minutes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger is showing signs of DVT, what is the first step in their treatment?

<p>Elevate the leg and have them rest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty with sunburn shows signs of blistering?

<p>Seek medical advice immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of impaired circulation that may precede DVT?

<p>Swollen feet and ankles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT part of the recommended treatment for sunburn?

<p>Exposing the burn to direct sunlight. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is necessary before using an Emergency Medical Kit (EMK)?

<p>Completing a medical report after its use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a potential pulmonary embolism related to DVT?

<p>Sudden chest pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical measure in preventing DVT during long flights?

<p>Drink water to stay hydrated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of sunburn, which method should NOT be applied directly?

<p>Ice cubes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when taking care of a casualty with heat-related issues?

<p>Encourage physical activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which detail is not required when completing a Death on Board Report form?

<p>Age of the deceased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of aircraft disinsection?

<p>To prevent the entry of disease-carrying insects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time for the human body to experience sleepiness?

<p>From 3 pm to 5 pm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the severity of jet lag in travelers?

<p>Frequency of travel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the atmosphere significantly influences flight operations?

<p>Temperature and pressure variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?

<p>It indicates that pressure decreases exponentially with height. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate pressure at sea level according to the International Standard Atmosphere?

<p>1013.25 hPa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the disinsection procedure, which part of the aircraft is treated?

<p>Entire cabin interior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help alleviate the effects of jet lag following long-haul flights?

<p>Seeking sunlight strategically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the pressure at an altitude of 11 km is measured?

<p>Approximately 253.31 hPa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does meteorology play in aviation?

<p>Informing pilots about hazardous weather conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of crossing multiple time zones during travel?

<p>Jet lag effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement when disposing of used spray cans after aircraft disinsection?

<p>They must be disposed of in a special bin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the circadian rhythm regulate aside from sleep?

<p>Digestion and body temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can the EMK be repeatedly used?

<p>Until more than 50% exhaustion of a particular medical material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the EMK has been used five times?

<p>Complete the EMK USE FORM and use a yellow seal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the yellow seal on an EMK indicate?

<p>The EMK is unusable and has exceeded limits for use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a crew member is uncertain about the remaining quantity of medical materials in the EMK, what should they do?

<p>Complete the EMK USE FORM and use a yellow seal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowed uses of a FAK/FAE before it is considered unusable?

<p>Five times or more than 50% exhaustion of materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a S/A FAK/FAE from a U/S FAK/FAE?

<p>The seal color is the only distinguishing factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of loss of the EMK USE FORM, what should the crew member do?

<p>Follow the steps for U/S EMK procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is NOT required when a death occurs onboard the aircraft?

<p>Complete a medical emergency report immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur if maintenance staff find an unsealed EMK?

<p>Seal it with a yellow seal and inform the Captain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a pre-flight inspection, what is a crucial step regarding the FAK/FAE?

<p>Ensure the correct stowage and seal are intact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure if there is no spare EMK available?

<p>Proceed with the existing EMK content checks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect determines the usability of the FAK/FAE?

<p>The expiry date and number of uses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the crew respond if they encounter a suspected unsealed EMK during maintenance?

<p>Seal it with a yellow seal and inform the CPT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a cabin crew member do with an FAK/FAE that has been used but still has material left?

<p>Seal it with a white temporary seal and complete the appropriate form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of hypoxia that cabin crew should monitor?

<p>Rapid increase in heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which cabin altitude does hypoxia generally first become a noticeable issue for healthy individuals?

<p>10,000 feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia that cabin crew should be alert for?

<p>Cyanosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate course of action if a passenger shows signs of hypoxia?

<p>Provide oxygen and assess vital signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During rapid decompression, what is the primary action cabin crew should take?

<p>Activate passenger oxygen masks and observe for hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What time frame represents the time of useful consciousness (TUC) for an individual at rest at 25,000 feet?

<p>15–20 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition primarily causes decompression sickness during a flight?

<p>Rapid ascent or descent causing gases to expand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would exacerbate symptoms of decompression sickness?

<p>Continuing to stay at cruising altitude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most effective in managing a passenger suspected of hypoxia?

<p>Monitoring the passenger's oxygen intake carefully (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is most commonly associated with decompression sickness?

<p>Formation of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should supplemental oxygen be administered promptly to a passenger with suspected hypoxia?

<p>It mitigates the effects of low oxygen saturation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a key difference between hypoxia and decompression sickness?

<p>Decompression sickness results from rapid pressure change, while hypoxia arises from low oxygen availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological effect does carbon monoxide have on a smoker's susceptibility to hypoxia?

<p>It displaces oxygen in red blood cells, reducing their capacity to carry oxygen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious risk of untreated decompression sickness in an aviation context?

<p>Development of cerebral embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What preventative measure can significantly reduce the likelihood of decompression sickness during flight?

<p>Ascending and descending slowly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom of hypoxia could be wrongly interpreted as intoxication?

<p>Confusion and disorientation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary oxygen source for the flight deck crew during normal operations?

<p>A dedicated oxygen cylinder for the flight deck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically triggers the deployment of oxygen masks in the cabin?

<p>Cabin altitude exceeding 14,000 feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long must the oxygen supply for each person in the flight deck last at 100% oxygen flow during emergencies?

<p>20 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual indicator confirms the oxygen flow in the PSU masks?

<p>Inflation of the reservoir bag (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the oxygen supply from PSUs typically last?

<p>12 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical reaction occurs in PSU oxygen generators?

<p>Thermal decomposition of sodium chlorate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum safe cabin altitude under normal cruising conditions?

<p>8,000 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must passengers do to activate the oxygen flow from PSUs after deployment?

<p>Pull the mask sharply towards them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for having oxygen masks in aircraft lavatories?

<p>To ensure safety for passengers or crew using the lavatory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked before using a portable oxygen bottle to ensure its proper functionality?

<p>The pressure gauge for sufficient oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of removing grease or makeup before administering oxygen?

<p>To reduce the risk of local skin irritation or burning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oxygen system should be pre-booked for passengers with medical needs?

<p>Pulse-dose oxygen systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the red light on an Essex-type Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) indicate?

<p>The hood has become non-functional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if a PSU oxygen mask does not automatically inflate the bag?

<p>Pull harder on the mask to trigger flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical step should cabin crew take when administering oxygen to a passenger?

<p>Show the inflation of the reservoir bag (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow rate provided by the low-flow outlet of a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>2 L/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the oxygen masks do not deploy during a cabin decompression?

<p>Initiate emergency descent procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew confirm that a Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) is ready for use?

<p>A green light illuminates on the hood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action must the crew take immediately if PSU masks fail to deploy automatically?

<p>Open the PSU manually using a special tool. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard number of oxygen masks typically found above a passenger row in a PSU?

<p>One extra mask per row. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a portable oxygen bottle regulate flow rate for different situations?

<p>By adjusting the valve to low or high flow settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flow rate is most commonly set on a portable oxygen bottle for medical emergencies?

<p>4 L/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication that oxygen is actively flowing from a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>The yellow bag attached to the mask inflates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential precaution should be taken before administering portable oxygen?

<p>Remove grease and makeup from the user’s face. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of oxygen stored in a medium-sized portable oxygen bottle?

<p>120 liters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering portable oxygen to passengers, how should these bottles be stored?

<p>On the floor, secured with a safety strap. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum PSI that should remain in a portable oxygen bottle for decompression use?

<p>500 PSI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the cabin crew do if they notice a portable oxygen bottle's pressure gauge needle is in the red zone?

<p>Replace the bottle immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the cabin oxygen system automatically deploy oxygen masks?

<p>14,000 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature indicates the proper functionality of a smoke hood during preflight checks?

<p>Inspect the humidity indicator for correct color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of oxygen supply in a Drager smoke hood?

<p>20 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew activate the oxygen flow in a smoke hood?

<p>Tear off the red pull strap and pull the starter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most critical to address with immediate diversion due to its severity?

<p>Passenger suffering from unconsciousness without regaining consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the key information provided to the captain during a medical emergency?

<p>Passenger’s symptoms, assessment details, and recommended actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which response should cabin crew prioritize immediately after a rapid cabin decompression?

<p>Assist passengers in donning oxygen masks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the SAMPLE method, which component provides vital background information for assessing a casualty?

<p>Last intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication that a passenger is suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Cyanosis of the lips and extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'D' in the DRABC protocol emphasize regarding patient safety?

<p>Danger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During CPR on an adult, what is the correct technique regarding chest compressions?

<p>Compress the chest at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should cabin crew immediately administer oxygen?

<p>When a passenger shows signs of cyanosis or hypoxia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reason to avoid popping blisters when treating a burn?

<p>It increases the risk of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of suspected decompression sickness, what is the primary action to take?

<p>Administer oxygen and restrict their movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is inappropriate when managing medical waste from a contagious patient onboard?

<p>Store it with regular trash for disposal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to ensure that no one is touching the casualty before delivering a shock with an AED?

<p>It enhances the efficacy of the shock delivered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if an AED indicates 'Check Electrodes'?

<p>Reposition electrodes for proper attachment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should abdominal thrusts be avoided in rescuing a choking passenger?

<p>If the passenger is pregnant or obese (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a medical emergency, which action is not necessary for the documentation process?

<p>Recording the passenger's medical history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment process for chemical burns onboard a commercial flight?

<p>Rinse the affected area with water, then remove clothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential first step when managing a potentially infectious passenger?

<p>Wear appropriate PPE and masks before interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a Medical Report being signed by a doctor during an in-flight medical emergency?

<p>To ensure official documentation of the incident by a professional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action to take immediately after attaching AED pads?

<p>Allow the AED to analyze the casualty’s heart rhythm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred position for a mother during an emergency childbirth?

<p>Semi-sitting with legs apart and knees bent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate first action after a baby is delivered during childbirth?

<p>Clear the airway and ensure the baby is breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the priority in response to a passenger experiencing anaphylaxis?

<p>Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with decompression sickness?

<p>Joint pain and skin rash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger exhibits symptoms of decompression sickness, what is the recommended action?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to verify oxygen flow from a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must oxygen bottles maintain a minimum pressure of 500 PSI after use?

<p>To ensure enough oxygen is available for emergency decompression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for managing potentially infectious passengers?

<p>Gloves, mask, and face shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of actions for treating an adult passenger who is choking?

<p>Give five back blows followed by abdominal thrusts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If abdominal thrusts do not relieve choking, what is the next step in the protocol?

<p>Perform CPR and check the airway periodically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when the AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

<p>Reassess the casualty and continue CPR if necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is most effective for relieving ear barotrauma during descent?

<p>Performing the Valsalva maneuver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the umbilical cord best clamped and cut during childbirth on board?

<p>When the baby's breathing stabilizes and the cord stops pulsing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical reason to avoid placing objects in a passenger’s mouth during a seizure?

<p>It may result in choking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best course of action when contaminated waste is generated from an infectious disease incident?

<p>Store it in a biohazard bag following proper protocols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach after delivering an AED shock to a passenger in cardiac arrest?

<p>Check for a pulse and resume CPR if no signs of life are evident (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do during a rapid cabin decompression?

<p>Employ oxygen masks without delay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines when to replace a portable oxygen bottle during usage?

<p>When the bottle reaches a pressure below 500 PSI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle primarily provide?

<p>Medical emergencies requiring oxygen saturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During slow cabin decompression, which symptom signifies pressure loss?

<p>Sensations of ear discomfort in passengers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate first response to a thermal burn on a passenger?

<p>Immerse the burn in cool water for several minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when a passenger ingests an unknown substance?

<p>Identify the ingested substance and contact medical professionals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for not applying ice directly to a thermal burn?

<p>It may cause freezing injuries to surrounding tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which scenario is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) most crucial?

<p>When managing a passenger with a communicable disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should AED electrodes be placed for an adult in cardiac arrest?

<p>Upper right chest and lower left chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should crew members prioritize when dealing with a passenger potentially infected with an infectious disease?

<p>Increase cabin ventilation to dilute pathogen concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key symptom of severe ear barotrauma?

<p>Bleeding from the ear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should cabin crew take when experiencing rapid decompression?

<p>Don their own oxygen masks first (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when managing a mental health emergency?

<p>Provide calm, non-threatening support and prevent escalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew prioritize after identifying stroke symptoms in a passenger using the BE FAST acronym?

<p>Provide oxygen and contact the captain for medical diversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a passenger ingests a toxic substance?

<p>Identify the poison and provide oxygen if needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is included in an emergency childbirth kit?

<p>Sterile scissors for cutting the umbilical cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action cabin crew should take if a passenger is experiencing cyanosis and confusion due to hypoxia?

<p>Administer supplemental oxygen immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change makes hypoxia particularly dangerous at high altitudes?

<p>Reduced oxygen saturation in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate position for a passenger experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

<p>Reclining with legs elevated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does oxygen from a passenger mask typically last after automatic deployment?

<p>12 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately for a passenger reporting difficulty breathing and visible swelling of the face and throat?

<p>Administer the passenger’s epinephrine auto-injector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important precaution when handling a passenger with a suspected spinal injury?

<p>Avoid moving the passenger unless absolutely necessary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be used to support a passenger with a suspected neck injury?

<p>Immobilize the head and neck with manual support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly assessed using the BE FAST acronym?

<p>Elevated heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent further injury to a passenger suspected of having a spinal injury?

<p>Gently immobilize the head and neck without moving the passenger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In accordance with managing an infectious passenger, what is the best method for disposing of generated waste?

<p>Segregate it and double-bag it in a biohazard bag (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is administering oxygen to a passenger with suspected hypoxia considered essential?

<p>It provides immediate relief by increasing oxygen availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During stroke management, what is the initial action for cabin crew once signs are observed?

<p>Notify ground medical support immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a fundamental reason for documenting a Medical Report after an in-flight emergency?

<p>To support continuous medical care for the passenger involved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is rebreathing into a paper bag not the preferred method for managing hyperventilation?

<p>It may increase carbon dioxide retention excessively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the primary role of cab crew when dealing with a passenger in hyperventilation?

<p>Guide the passenger towards breathing exercises for calmness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of suspected hypoxia, what immediate action should cabin crew prioritize?

<p>Administer supplemental oxygen at once (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying principle explains why ice should not be applied directly to a burn?

<p>It may cause frostbite and further damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a vital step during an in-flight childbirth scenario?

<p>Clear the baby’s airway for immediate breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a conscious adult passenger who is choking, what is the recommended procedure?

<p>Administer several sharp blows to the back (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do if an AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

<p>Continue with chest compressions and ensure circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is it appropriate to move a passenger with a suspected spinal injury?

<p>Only if there is an imminent threat to their safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential check must cabin crew perform before using a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>Check if the pressure gauge is in the full range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what location are portable oxygen bottles usually found on a B737-800 aircraft?

<p>Behind the last row on the right-hand side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can a passenger expect the oxygen supply to last when using the masks provided by the PSU panel?

<p>12 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition reflects an unserviceable Scott Type PBE?

<p>The humidity indicator is pink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To manually release a passenger oxygen mask that has failed to deploy, what should the crew do?

<p>Use a pointed object to engage the latch release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence is required for effectively donning the Dräger Type PBE?

<p>Remove the case, tear the pull strap, and activate the starter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT typically found in the Type B quick-donning mask?

<p>Automatic deployment mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What urgent action should be taken before placing a mask on a passenger’s face?

<p>Remove any grease or makeup from the passenger's face (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'NO SMOKING' sign when oxygen is in use onboard?

<p>Reduces the likelihood of fire from concentrated oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the crew do if a passenger presents signs of decompression sickness?

<p>Keep the passenger still and administer oxygen immediately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can the Dräger Type PBE provide oxygen once activated?

<p>20 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the pulse setting on the Avias Pulse Oxygen System (POS) provide?

<p>Conserves oxygen by delivering it only during inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for administering first aid for heavy bleeding?

<p>Use direct pressure followed by a tourniquet if necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member check before using a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>That the mask is securely attached to the bottle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

<p>30:2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an AED advises a shock during a medical emergency?

<p>Stop all contact with the casualty and ensure no one touches them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the use of a tourniquet appropriate during an in-flight emergency?

<p>For severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable cabin altitude before oxygen masks automatically deploy?

<p>14,000 feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action to take if a passenger shows signs of a severe allergic reaction?

<p>Administer epinephrine and contact medical assistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate response during an in-flight choking situation if a passenger becomes unconscious?

<p>Initiate CPR and check for the obstruction in the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a nosebleed lasts longer than 10 minutes?

<p>Use protective gear, apply pressure, and seek medical advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Smoke Vent Valve Selector on a Type B oxygen mask?

<p>To allow oxygen to flow to smoke goggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps should be taken when using an AED during CPR?

<p>Pause compressions to attach pads (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate actions should be taken during rapid decompression in an aircraft?

<p>Don oxygen masks and prepare for descent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Type B mask regulator in 'NORMAL' mode?

<p>Mixes oxygen with cabin air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What procedure should be followed for a choking infant?

<p>Alternate back blows with chest thrusts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signs are typically associated with hypoxia?

<p>Bluish skin, rapid heartbeat, and confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct flow rate of oxygen for a patient with a cardiac event?

<p>4 liters per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a heart attack?

<p>Dizziness, chest discomfort, and cold sweat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should portable oxygen bottles be stored after they have been used?

<p>In a secure, ventilated storage area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a seizure?

<p>Breath holding and facial pallor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a crew member do if a passenger shows symptoms of shock?

<p>Elevate their legs and keep them warm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protocol when administering first aid to a conscious passenger experiencing chest pain?

<p>Position them to reduce strain on the heart (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew prioritize when assisting a passenger exhibiting symptoms of decompression sickness?

<p>Administer oxygen and limit passenger movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper technique for cabin crew to assist a choking infant?

<p>Perform a combination of back blows and chest thrusts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should crew members manage a severe chest injury that includes an impaled object?

<p>Stabilize the object while ensuring passenger comfort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective response to a passenger showing signs of a stroke?

<p>Immediately conduct the B-E-F-A-S-T test and apply oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the pink indicator on the Scott PBE indicate?

<p>The oxygen supply has been compromised (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the correct response if cabin crew identifies a passenger with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) symptoms?

<p>Immediately contact Medlink and elevate the leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which passanger group is most vulnerable to hypoxia during a flight?

<p>Individuals with pre-existing respiratory issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions should cabin crew take when a passenger is exhibiting symptoms of decompression sickness?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct treatment plan for an unconscious passenger who is breathing normally?

<p>Place them in the recovery position for safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cabin crew check that oxygen is flowing from a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>By checking the inflation of the mask bag (A), By noting the sound of the oxygen flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the tourniquet be utilized during an emergency?

<p>When direct pressure fails to control severe bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should portable oxygen bottles maintain at least 500 PSI after use?

<p>To guarantee sufficient pressure for emergencies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When managing a potentially infectious passenger, which personal protective equipment (PPE) is most appropriate for cabin crew?

<p>Gloves, mask, and face shield (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the oxygen system typically function during a decompression event?

<p>Duration varies based on cabin altitude and passenger needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence of actions should cabin crew follow if an adult passenger is choking?

<p>Administer back blows, followed by abdominal thrusts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do immediately during an emergency childbirth?

<p>Use an Emergency Childbirth Kit and keep the newborn warm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If initial abdominal thrusts are ineffective for a choking passenger, what action should be taken next?

<p>Perform CPR and maintain airway checks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Manual Release Tool (MRT) in-flight emergencies?

<p>Activate emergency oxygen masks in passenger units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the BE FAST acronym in the context of stroke management?

<p>To identify significant signs of a potential stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for treating a nosebleed during flight?

<p>Tilt the head forward and pinch the nostrils for 10 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger shows signs of hypothermia, what should not be done during treatment?

<p>Use direct heat sources like heating pads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct initial action in treating a first-degree burn onboard?

<p>Rinse the burn under cool running water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a portable oxygen bottle for first aid, which flow rate is typically employed at the high outlet?

<p>5 liters per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical symptom of severe ear barotrauma that cabin crew should monitor?

<p>Blood or clear fluid draining from the ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should cabin crew take if a passenger experiences a seizure?

<p>Place a soft object under their head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew focus on during a mental health emergency?

<p>Providing a calm presence and avoiding confrontation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration of oxygen supplied by the PSU chemical generator?

<p>12 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression depth during CPR for adult passengers?

<p>At least 2 inches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do immediately if a passenger experiences uncontrolled bleeding?

<p>Apply pressure and elevate the limb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mask is specifically used in passenger oxygen systems during a decompression event?

<p>Oronasal passenger drop-down mask (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a tourniquet be utilized according to bleeding control guidelines?

<p>Immediately in life-threatening situations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smoke Vent Valve Selector on Type B oxygen masks?

<p>To direct oxygen flow to goggles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the crew do if an oxygen mask is not deploying during a decompression event?

<p>Activate the manual release tool (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you confirm oxygen flow when using a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>Squeeze the bag and observe inflation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken for a passenger experiencing symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

<p>Keep the passenger immobile and contact Medlink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended oxygen flow rate for a passenger in a cardiac emergency?

<p>4 liters per minute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended compression depth for CPR on a child?

<p>1/3 the depth of the chest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT considered a sign of hypothermia?

<p>Hot, flushed skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event that the humidity indicator on a Personal Breathing Equipment (PBE) turns pink, what is the appropriate course of action?

<p>Replace it with a new, serviceable PBE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in assessing a person who has fainted?

<p>Check for responsiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence should be followed when using a Dräger PBE?

<p>Tear the bag open, pull the starter, and don the hood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if a passenger complains of ear pain during descent?

<p>Encourage swallowing or the Valsalva maneuver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases onboard?

<p>Isolate the affected passenger and use PPE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should CPR be discontinued?

<p>The casualty regains normal responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate reaction upon identifying that a passenger may be experiencing anaphylaxis?

<p>Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first assessment step when responding to a potential cardiac emergency onboard?

<p>Ask the passenger to describe their pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should a cabin crew member take in response to rapid decompression?

<p>Don their own oxygen masks first (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the event of poisoning, what is the cabin crew’s first step?

<p>Identify the poison and call medical professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the minimum number of Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) units required on a B737 aircraft?

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct procedure for disposing of waste contaminated by an infectious passenger?

<p>Use a biohazard bag and follow airline disposal protocols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured before delivering a shock with an AED?

<p>No one is in contact with the casualty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason to avoid inducing vomiting in a poisoned passenger?

<p>Vomiting might cause aspiration and further injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should always be done after delivering a shock with an AED?

<p>Continue CPR if the person shows no signs of life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct response if a PBE's oxygen flow stops?

<p>Change to an alternative oxygen source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a passenger ingests a toxic substance, which action is appropriate for cabin crew?

<p>Identify the poison and provide oxygen if necessary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'S' in the SAMPLE method stand for during casualty assessment?

<p>Symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should cabin crew prioritize during rapid cabin decompression?

<p>Administer supplemental oxygen to crew and passengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is included in an emergency childbirth kit on an aircraft?

<p>Sterile scissors for cutting the umbilical cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key action should be taken immediately after a baby is delivered in-flight?

<p>Clear the baby's airway and ensure it is breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign indicating possible hypoxia in passengers?

<p>Cyanosis of the lips and extremities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what altitude does the automatic deployment of passenger oxygen masks occur?

<p>18,000 feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing CPR, what is the ideal ratio of compressions to breaths for an adult?

<p>30 compressions to 2 breaths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can passenger oxygen masks provide oxygen after deployment?

<p>15 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a suspected spinal injury, what is the primary precaution for cabin crew?

<p>Restrict any movement of the passenger until help arrives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do when a passenger generates waste due to a contagious illness?

<p>Double-bag the waste and store it in a secure area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do for a passenger experiencing symptoms of a stroke?

<p>Provide oxygen and prepare for possible medical diversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a system's primary function when using the high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle?

<p>To deliver concentrated oxygen during critical medical events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How deep should chest compressions be during CPR on an adult?

<p>At least 2 inches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a passenger is suspected of suffering from decompression sickness, what symptom is most critical to monitor?

<p>Joint pain and rash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before delivering a shock with an AED, what must be confirmed?

<p>Ensure no one is touching the casualty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should the valve on a portable oxygen bottle be opened gradually?

<p>To prevent sudden oxygen flow that could damage connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change at high altitudes makes hypoxia particularly dangerous?

<p>Low oxygen saturation in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What position is most suitable for a mother during an emergency childbirth?

<p>Semi-sitting with knees bent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate position for a passenger in anaphylactic shock?

<p>Reclining with legs elevated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action for treating a minor burn onboard?

<p>Run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should cabin crew replace a portable oxygen bottle during usage?

<p>When the oxygen drops below 500 PSI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and most appropriate action to take when treating a thermal burn?

<p>Run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to pop or puncture blistered skin when treating a burn?

<p>It increases the risk of infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the umbilical cord be clamped and cut during an in-flight delivery?

<p>Once breathing is stabilized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should cabin crew not place objects in a passenger's mouth during a seizure?

<p>It could cause choking or airway obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential harm can arise from applying ice directly to a burn?

<p>It could lead to frostbite and further damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chemical burns be treated onboard aircraft?

<p>Flush the area with water, then remove clothing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for a passenger suspected of decompression sickness?

<p>Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should cabin crew do with waste produced from an infectious disease incident?

<p>Store in a biohazard bag and adhere to protocols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when a passenger shows signs of hypoxia?

<p>Provide supplemental oxygen immediately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended technique for a passenger experiencing ear barotrauma?

<p>Advise swallowing, yawning, or performing the Valsalva maneuver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for isolating an infectious passenger from others onboard?

<p>To minimize exposure and prevent further infection spread (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)?

<p>To provide a longer oxygen supply during emergencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical reason for elevating a passenger's legs during a medical emergency?

<p>To increase blood flow to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of rebreathing into a paper bag for a passenger experiencing hyperventilation?

<p>Excessive carbon dioxide build-up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which detail is least likely to be included in a Medical Report after an in-flight emergency?

<p>Crew training details (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary takeaway for cabin crew when an AED indicates 'No Shock Advised'?

<p>Resume CPR and provide chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances may a passenger with a suspected spinal injury be moved?

<p>In case of immediate danger to their safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom commonly experienced by someone suffering from hypoxia?

<p>Confusion or euphoria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended for dealing with a conscious adult who is choking?

<p>Administer oxygen while monitoring their condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dealing with a passenger showing signs of stroke, what should cabin crew prioritize?

<p>Monitoring vital signs and administering oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical step should follow immediately after a baby is delivered onboard?

<p>Clear the airway to ensure the baby is breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should chest thrusts be employed instead of abdominal thrusts in a choking emergency?

<p>For pregnant or obese passengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a Medical Report to be signed by a doctor during a medical incident?

<p>To confirm the accuracy of the incident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario might a medical report be especially crucial following an incident?

<p>To ensure accurate treatment upon landing and continuity of care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial procedure when encountering a potentially contagious passenger?

<p>Reassign nearby passengers to alternate seating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step is needed if a passenger loses consciousness while choking?

<p>Perform CPR immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary purpose of aviation first aid

To provide emergency treatment for sudden illness or injury until professional help arrives.

Medical Clearance Form need

Required for passengers who cannot sit upright.

Non-immediate medical diversion reason

Mild symptoms of hypoxia.

BLS sequence (DRABCD)

Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation.

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CPR modification for pregnant women

Place hands slightly higher on the chest and tilt the body slightly to the left.

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Choking treatment(conscious adult)

Heimlich maneuver 5 times, alternating with 5 sharp back blows until airway is cleared.

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Anaphylaxis needing diversion

Difficulty breathing, swelling, and rash.

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AED storage location

Typically stored onboard in a known location.

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Handcuff use in medical diversion

Handcuffs are appropriate for securing a violent passenger posing a risk to others during a medical diversion.

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Securing a deceased passenger

Secure the deceased passenger in their seat with a seatbelt and cover them.

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Newborn CPR chest compression depth

1/3 the depth of the chest.

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Child airway opening

Use the head-tilt and chin-lift technique.

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AED 'No shock' response

Continue chest compressions and recheck every 2 minutes.

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Newborn pulse location

Brachial artery is the recommended pulse check location for a newborn.

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Imminent birth onboard sign

Contractions less than 10 minutes apart with water breaking.

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Disruptive passenger response

Issue a second warning card and use handcuffs if necessary.

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Infant chest compressions position

Middle of the chest using two fingers.

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Choking passenger sign

Silent, unable to breathe or speak, and clutching at the throat.

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Fainting treatment (conscious passenger)

Lay flat, raise legs, and loosen tight clothing.

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Infant CPR compression-to-breath ratio

3:1

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Oxygen mask flow test

Check for hissing sounds and ensure the bag inflates.

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Adult CPR chest compression depth

5–6 cm.

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AED use sequence

Turn on the AED, apply pads, follow prompts, and ensure no one touches the casualty during a shock.

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Pneumothorax treatment, first step

Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger's breathing.

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Communicator's role in medical emergency

Making announcements and notifying the flight deck.

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Epipen injection angle

Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds, then massage the area.

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CPR compression-to-breath ratio (adult)

30 chest compressions to 2 breaths.

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Bag-Valve Mask (BVM) purpose

Manually provide artificial ventilation for an unconscious passenger.

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Unconscious choking treatment

Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths immediately.

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Hypoxia treatment, first step

Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger.

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SAMPLE acronym component

Checking for current medications being taken.

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Passenger faints, regains consciousness

Lay the passenger down, raise legs, loosen tight clothing.

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Medical diversion wait time (unconscious)

5 minutes.

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Hypoglycemia symptoms

Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, and faintness.

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AED pads placement (1-8 years)

One pad on the chest and the other below the left collarbone.

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Severe allergic reaction treatment sequence

Administer an Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess the passenger’s pulse.

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Rautek maneuver use

Safely move an unconscious person while protecting the spine.

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CPR Compression Rate (Adult)

The correct rate for chest compressions during CPR for adults is 100-120 compressions per minute.

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DRABCD Breathing Check

Look, listen, and feel for breath for up to 10 seconds to check for normal breathing.

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Shock Symptoms

Cold, clammy skin and a rapid, weak pulse are symptoms of shock in a passenger.

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Choking Passenger Treatment

Perform 5 sharp back blows then assess effectiveness if a passenger cannot speak while choking.

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Epipen Positioning

"Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh" refers to the method of administering an Epipen.

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Newborn CPR Ratio

The compression-to-breath ratio for newborns is 3:1.

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Hypoxia Indicator

Pale skin, dizziness, and confusion are key indicators of hypoxia.

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Onboard Death Procedure

Inform the captain, secure the body to a seat, and cover respectfully when a person dies onboard.

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Child CPR Chest Compressions

Use one hand and compress to 1/3 the depth of the chest for a child (1-8 years old).

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Asthma Attack Treatment

Encourage the passenger to use their inhaler, assist with oxygen if needed for a conscious passenger experiencing an asthma attack.

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DRABCD Danger Step

Ensure the area is safe for the crew and passengers.

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Maximum Oxygen Time

A passenger on oxygen therapy can use a high-flow outlet for a maximum of 30 minutes.

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Pregnant Passenger Shock

Tilt the passenger slightly to the left and administer oxygen for a pregnant passenger in shock.

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Decompression Sickness Oxygen

Administer oxygen to flush nitrogen bubbles from the bloodstream in decompression sickness.

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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Treatment

Elevate the affected leg and provide oxygen; keep the passenger seated calmly.

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Baby delivery mid-flight

Prepare for delivery, ensure cleanliness, and contact Medlink or ground support for guidance.

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Medical diversion?

Unrelieved breathing difficulties for 5 minutes.

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Choking unconscious passenger

Deliver 30 chest compressions immediately, then check for the obstruction.

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Oxygen flow check

Listen for the hissing sound and observe the inflation of the reservoir bag.

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Pneumothorax treatment

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger calm.

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SAMPLE acronym meaning

Medications

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Shock position

Lay flat, elevate their legs, and keep them warm.

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Medical report storage

To keep it confidential and ensure it is handed over to medical authorities on the ground.

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CPR ratio (child)

15:2

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Chest Compression Ratio (1-8 years)

The ratio of chest compressions to breaths during CPR for children aged 1 to 8 years, which is 15:2.

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Pulse Check Location (unconscious)

The carotid artery in the neck is the most reliable location for checking a pulse in an unconscious passenger.

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Pre-CPR Airway Clearance (child)

Before starting chest compressions on a child, perform 5 initial rescue breaths to ensure lung inflation and effective oxygenation.

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Pneumothorax Symptom

Sudden severe chest pain and difficulty breathing are common symptoms of a pneumothorax.

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Medical Clearance Form (head injury)

A passenger with a head injury should receive a Medical Clearance Form if the injury occurred within 14 days of the flight.

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Stretcher Passenger Accommodation

To accommodate a stretcher passenger, remove three rows of seats to allow for safe and appropriate loading.

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Anaphylaxis Treatment Priority

Administer an Epipen and provide oxygen are the top priorities for treating anaphylaxis.

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Immediate Oxygen Needs

Shortness of breath, confusion, and bluish skin (cyanosis) indicate the need for immediate oxygen administration.

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SAMPLE Acronym (E)

The 'E' in SAMPLE represents 'Extra information,' including recent travel or events.

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Passenger Fainting Treatment

Loosen tight clothing and elevate the legs are the first steps in managing a fainting passenger.

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Child CPR Compression Depth

Chest compressions for a child aged 1-8 years should be 1/3 the depth of the chest.

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Shock Treatment

Lay the passenger flat and elevate their legs to support blood flow to vital organs.

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Child CPR Compression-Breath Ratio

The recommended ratio for child (1-8 years) CPR is 15 compressions to 2 breaths.

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Fractured Limb, No Medical Clearance

If a passenger has a fractured limb but no medical clearance, refuse boarding until cleared by medical staff.

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Pregnant Passenger CPR Tilt

Tilt a pregnant passenger to the left during CPR to improve blood flow by reducing pressure on major blood vessels.

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Medical Clearance Form - When Needed?

A Medical Clearance Form is required for a passenger who cannot sit upright during the flight.

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Immediate Medical Diversion - Why?

Imminent childbirth with contractions is a reason for immediate medical diversion, meaning changing the flight path to land as soon as possible.

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Choking Passenger - Immediate Action?

If a conscious adult passenger is choking, the correct action is to perform the Heimlich maneuver 5 times, alternating with 5 sharp back blows until the airway is cleared.

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Anaphylaxis - Recognizing the Signs

Signs of anaphylaxis that require immediate medical diversion include difficulty breathing, swelling, and a rash.

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CPR for Pregnant Women - Modification

When performing CPR on a pregnant woman, place your hands slightly higher on the chest and tilt the body slightly to the left.

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Newborn CPR - Compression Depth

During CPR on a newborn, compress the chest to 1/3 the depth of the chest.

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Unconscious Choking - First Step

When an unconscious person is choking, deliver 30 chest compressions immediately, then check for an obstruction.

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Hypoxia - Recognizing the Signs

Pale skin, dizziness, and confusion are key indicators of hypoxia, a lack of oxygen.

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Chest Compression Rate (Child)

The ratio of chest compressions to breaths during CPR for children aged 1 to 8 years is 15:2.

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Handcuffs - Medical Diversion

Handcuffs are appropriate when a violent passenger poses a risk to others, not for passengers having seizures, fractured limbs, or in shock.

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Hypoxia Risk

Low oxygen levels at altitude can lead to hypoxia, a condition where the body is deprived of adequate oxygen.

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Cast Risks in Flight

A plaster cast applied within 72 hours of a fracture can act as a tourniquet due to swelling at altitude, potentially restricting blood flow.

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Head Injury Clearance

A passenger with a head injury requires 14 days of medical clearance before flying to ensure sufficient recovery and prevent complications.

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Chickenpox Onboard

Confirm the dryness of chickenpox blisters to assess contagion risk. Dry blisters are no longer contagious.

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Sudden Childbirth Onboard

Monitor for contractions and prepare for delivery. Provide privacy for the mother and sterile equipment.

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SAMPLE Acronym

SAMPLE is used by cabin crew to assess a casualty's condition during a medical emergency. It stands for Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past History, Last Meal, Events Leading to Illness/Injury.

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Rautek Maneuver

The Rautek maneuver is a technique to safely move an unconscious passenger from their seat to the aisle during an in-flight emergency.

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AED Analysis

Avoid touching the casualty during AED analysis to ensure accurate heart rhythm monitoring and prevent electrical interference.

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Medical Report Signing

A senior cabin crew member signs the medical report once it includes the passenger's medical history and administered treatment.

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AED Electrode Placement

Shave excessive hair only where the electrodes will be placed before applying them to ensure proper contact.

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Stretcher Capacity

A maximum of two stretchers are allowed onboard an aircraft for medical emergencies.

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Deceased Passenger Report

The medical report for a deceased passenger should include the time and altitude of death in the cabin.

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Gasping vs. Normal Breathing

Gasping for air appears irregular and resembles a person surfacing for air, unlike consistent, rhythmic breathing.

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DRABCD - First Step

The first step in the DRABCD acronym is Check for Danger, ensuring the safety of the crew and passengers.

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Medical Emergency Notification

The flight deck should be notified as soon as a serious medical condition is suspected, regardless of the severity, to ensure timely assistance.

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Turbulence and Injuries

Turbulence can cause sudden and unexpected movements, leading to passenger falls and the impact of unsecured items, resulting in injuries.

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AED Preparation

To prepare an AED for use during a cardiac arrest, turn on the device, attach electrodes, and analyze the heart rhythm.

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Medical Clearance Form Validation

Validating a medical clearance form during boarding ensures the passenger's condition has been recently assessed, mitigating potential risks during the flight.

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Most Common In-Flight Medical Issue

Fainting due to cabin pressure changes is the most frequently encountered medical issue during flight.

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Chickenpox Blisters: Boarding

A passenger with visible, dry, and scabbed-over chickenpox blisters can be allowed to board, as the risk of transmission is low.

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Childbirth Diversion

Regular, frequent contractions with water breaking are critical signs indicating the need for medical diversion in a childbirth situation.

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SAMPLE for Casualty Assessment

The SAMPLE acronym is used to identify pre-existing medical conditions, providing crucial information for managing a casualty.

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AED 'No Shock Advised'

When an AED indicates 'No shock advised,' continue chest compressions and reanalyze the rhythm after two minutes.

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Vomiting Unconscious Passenger

If a casualty is vomiting while unconscious, turn their head to the side to prevent choking.

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Painful Stimuli Test

The painful stimuli test is used to determine if a casualty is responsive at a deeper level, even if they don't seem conscious.

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AED Electrode Placement (Larger Passenger)

For a larger passenger, detach the lower electrode and position it on the side of the torso to ensure proper shock delivery.

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Unconscious Passenger with Tilted Head

If an unconscious passenger's head tilts forward while seated, move them to the aisle using the Rautek maneuver to protect their spine.

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Post-Heart Attack Flight Risk

The primary concern for a passenger flying shortly after a heart attack is reduced oxygen levels at altitude, potentially triggering another event.

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DVT Risk and Flying

Passengers with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk are advised to consult a doctor before flying as cabin pressure may aggravate clotting.

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Why is a contact number required in medical reports?

To ensure continuity of care for the passenger after the flight.

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What does "Push harder" mean on an AED?

Increase the depth of chest compressions.

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How long should you check for breathing?

Up to 10 seconds.

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What should you NEVER do during airway management?

Insert your fingers to search for blockages.

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Why dry the chest before using an AED?

Wet skin interferes with electrical conductivity.

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What's the most important part of a medical report after a death?

Include detailed information about the passenger and the incident.

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How to manage a casualty with spinal injuries during turbulence?

Immobilize their head and neck and leave them seated.

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When to inform the flight deck about turbulence injuries?

Immediately after the injury is confirmed.

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What to do for a severe asthma attack?

Locate and assist with their prescribed inhaler.

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What's the Rautek maneuver used for?

To safely move an unconscious passenger out of a seat.

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What to do if a defibrillator battery is faulty?

Report it immediately to the flight deck.

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Why tilt a pregnant woman during CPR?

To relieve pressure on major blood vessels caused by the fetus.

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What to do immediately after a suspected stroke?

Provide oxygen and monitor their condition closely.

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Why is "hands-only CPR" not preferred on flights?

Cabin crew are trained to use artificial respiration devices.

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What is the maximum number of stretchers allowed on a flight?

Two.

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Young Infant Hypoxia Risk

Young infants are at higher risk of hypoxia during flights because their lungs are not fully developed.

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Medication Kit Check

Before administering any medication from a medical kit, always check for the passenger's consent.

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Second Warning Card

Issue a second warning card to a disruptive passenger if they continue endangering others or persist with disruptive behavior.

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SAMPLE Assessment

The SAMPLE acronym is used to gather comprehensive medical history for accurate treatment during a medical emergency.

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Severe Turbulence Injury

The immediate action for a passenger with severe turbulence-related injuries is to inform the flight deck and administer first aid.

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Pregnant Passenger CPR

For a pregnant passenger undergoing CPR, place a cushion under the right hip to improve circulation.

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Gasping vs. Effective Breathing

Irregular, shallow breaths resembling choking indicate gasping, which is ineffective breathing.

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Unconscious Passenger Position

Place an unconscious passenger in the recovery position on their side to prevent airway obstruction.

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Shaving Before AED Electrodes

Shaving the chest before applying AED electrodes ensures they adhere securely to the skin.

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Ambu Bag Seal

Ensure the Ambu bag seal is tight before ventilation to prevent oxygen leakage and ensure proper chest rise during breaths.

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Unconscious Intoxicated Passenger

Place an unconscious passenger showing signs of alcohol intoxication in the recovery position and monitor their breathing.

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Adult CPR Compression-to-Breath Ratio

The recommended compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR onboard is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

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DRABCD Sequence

DRABCD stands for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation. Follow this sequence when assessing a casualty.

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Painful Stimuli - When?

Check for response before using painful stimuli to minimize unnecessary physical contact with the casualty.

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Chest Compression Depth (Adult)

When performing chest compressions on an adult, the recommended depth is 5-6 cm. This ensures proper blood flow back to the heart.

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Hypoxia Treatment

If a passenger is experiencing hypoxia, the immediate action is to administer supplemental oxygen. This helps to restore oxygen levels and prevent further complications.

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Choking Passenger (Conscious)

The primary treatment for a conscious choking passenger is to encourage them to cough forcefully, attempting to dislodge the obstruction.

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CPR Ratio (Adult)

The ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths in adult CPR is 30:2. This means 30 compressions for every 2 breaths.

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AED Use (Child)

When using an AED on a child under 8 years old, pediatric electrodes must be used, and the AED's instructions should be strictly followed.

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Unconscious Choking

If a passenger is unconscious and choking, begin CPR immediately, performing 30 chest compressions before checking for the object.

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Medical Diversion (Unconscious)

If a passenger is unconscious and requires immediate medical attention, a medical diversion should be considered after 5 minutes of unsuccessful attempts to stabilize.

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Epipen Use

When administering an Epipen, inject it into the thigh at a 90-degree angle and hold for 5 seconds. Massage the area afterward.

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CPR Compression Depth (Adult)

During CPR, push down on the center of the chest (breastbone) 5-6 cm (2-2.4 inches) for an adult.

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AED Shock Delivery

Immediately after delivering an AED shock, resume chest compressions without delay.

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Asthma Treatment (Conscious)

For a conscious person with asthma, provide their prescribed inhaler and administer oxygen if needed.

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Seizure Treatment

Do NOT place anything in the mouth of someone having a seizure. Instead, clear the area around them, pad for safety, and monitor breathing.

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Choking Unconscious Person

If a person is unconscious and choking, perform 30 chest compressions immediately before checking for obstruction.

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First aid skills onboard: NOT

Trivial passenger complaints are not a primary situation requiring first aid skills onboard.

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First aider's primary role

The main duty of a first aider is to ensure their own safety and the safety of others, not to diagnose, administer medication, or make decisions about diversions.

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Medical volunteer credentials

Always ask for proof of medical certification from a volunteer, like a license or registration, to verify their qualifications.

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Immediate medical diversion: NOT

Mild dizziness after standing up is a minor symptom, usually not requiring an immediate diversion.

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Prioritizing safety during an emergency

Before providing care in a hazardous situation, assess the scene for risks and ensure safety first.

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Communicator's role in the medical drill

The communicator's job is to inform the captain and call for medical volunteers if needed, not to provide treatment directly.

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First action with an unresponsive casualty

Call for assistance and initiate the medical drill when encountering an unresponsive casualty, not start CPR immediately.

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SAMPLE: medical history acronym

SAMPLE helps gather vital medical history for a casualty. It stands for Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past History, Last Meal, Events leading to Illness/Injury.

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Hyperventilation Treatment

Reassuring and calming the casualty is the key treatment approach for hyperventilation.

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Pediatric CPR Compression Depth

The correct depth of compressions for pediatric CPR is about one-third of the chest depth.

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Third Crew Member's Role

The third cabin crew member assists at the scene by obtaining medical equipment and providing support.

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Fruity Breath Odor

A fruity or sweet odor on a casualty's breath can indicate hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

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Medical Diversion Necessity

Ongoing unconsciousness is a situation that would most likely require a medical diversion.

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Heart Attack Patient Positioning

The recommended position for a casualty with a suspected heart attack is semi-sitting with support.

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Agonal Breathing Danger

Agonal breathing can be mistaken for normal breathing during CPR assessment, which is dangerous.

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Choking Infant First Aid

The first action for a choking infant is to perform 5 back blows while supporting the infant.

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Head-to-Toe Examination Purpose

The primary purpose of a head-to-toe examination is to identify all potential injuries and signs of trauma in an unconscious casualty.

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Infant Chest Thrusts Location

Chest thrusts for a choking infant should be applied on the sternum, just below the nipple line.

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AED First Step

Turn on the AED and follow its prompts—it will guide you through the process.

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Unconscious Casualty Breathing Assessment

The most reliable method to assess breathing in an unconscious casualty is to 'look, listen, and feel' for up to 10 seconds.

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Cyanosis Cause

Cyanosis (blue discoloration) is most likely caused by hypoxia (lack of oxygen).

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Unconscious Shock Treatment

Giving sips of water to an unconscious casualty in shock is NOT recommended.

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Abdominal Pain Emergency

The primary focus for a cabin crew member (CCM) when encountering a passenger with severe abdominal pain is recognizing and responding to a potential abdominal emergency.

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Diarrhea During Flight

The dietary advice to give a passenger experiencing diarrhea on a flight is to consume water and starchy foods if desired, avoiding dairy and high-fiber foods.

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Pregnancy Restrictions on Flights

Expectant mothers are absolutely prohibited from flying after 35 weeks for single pregnancies and 28 weeks for multipath pregnancies.

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Suspected Miscarriage

When a passenger appears to be miscarrying, the immediate action of a CCM is to collect and store expelled material for medical evaluation.

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Skin-to-Skin Contact After Delivery

Placing the baby skin-to-skin with the mother after an emergency delivery is essential to warm the baby and stimulate bonding.

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Supporting the Baby's Head During Delivery

The correct technique to support the baby’s head during emergency childbirth is to apply pressure to prevent sudden delivery.

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Resuscitation for a Newborn

Resuscitation for a newborn who is not breathing should begin with gently flicking the soles of the feet and drying the baby with a towel.

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Active Labor Position

The recommended position for a mother in active labor if the baby's head is crowning is in a semi-sitting position with support.

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Open Abdominal Wound Care

Covering the wound with a sterile dressing and protecting exposed organs is critical in managing an open abdominal wound.

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Suspected Skull Fracture with Nosebleed

Avoid applying pressure to a nosebleed if a skull fracture is suspected. Look for clear, watery blood.

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Severe Bleeding Management

If direct pressure fails to control severe external bleeding, apply a tourniquet above the bleeding site.

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Partial-Thickness Burn

Partial-thickness burns are characterized by blisters and raw skin.

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Chemical Burn Treatment

Immediately rinse the area with water, even if clothing is present, to neutralize a chemical burn.

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Hypoxia Early Sign

Euphoria or agitation are early signs of hypoxia during flight.

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Rapid Decompression Passenger Help

Ensure the passenger puts on their oxygen mask first when experiencing rapid decompression.

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DVT Risk Factors

Heavy smokers and pregnant individuals are at a higher risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during long flights.

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Biohazard Kit Use

Segregate and label waste as biohazardous for proper disposal when using the Biohazard Kit.

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Heatstroke Treatment Priority

Quickly lowering the body temperature is crucial when treating a heatstroke victim.

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Hypoxia Late Sign

Tubular vision and impaired hearing are late signs of hypoxia during flight.

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Biohazardous Waste Cleaning

Avoid touching biohazardous waste and ensure proper storage in labeled bags for cleaning.

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Decompression Illness Symptom

Tingling sensations and joint pain are primary symptoms of decompression illness at altitude.

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Communicable Disease Onboard

Isolate the passenger and provide them with a mask when dealing with a suspected communicable disease onboard.

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Earache During Descent

Encourage chewing, yawning, or swallowing to prevent earache during descent.

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Newborn Not Crying

The primary aim is to stimulate the baby by flicking the soles of the feet to encourage breathing.

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Air Sickness Symptoms

The most common symptoms of air sickness include nausea, pale skin, and dizziness.

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Sterile Burn Dressing

A sterile burn dressing is used to minimize the risk of infection and maintain hydration.

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Tourniquet Time

Once a tourniquet is applied, document the time of application and seek medical help immediately.

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Chemical Splash in Eye

Immediately rinse the eye continuously from the nose outward with water for at least 15 minutes.

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Hypoxia Monitoring

Closely monitor oxygen saturation and respiratory rate during suspected hypoxia.

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Miscarriage Support

Provide a sanitary pad and place the passenger in a comfortable position with legs bent.

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Spinal Injury Action

Immobilize the head and neck and keep the passenger in their current position.

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Soaked Dressing Removal

Avoid removing a soaked dressing to prevent further bleeding and tissue damage.

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Second Stage of Childbirth

Support the baby's head as it appears and encourage gentle pushing during contractions.

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Fracture Treatment

Immobilize the fracture and avoid moving the affected limb.

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Severe Dehydration Risk

Severe dehydration can lead to rapid pulse, confusion, and potential for circulatory collapse.

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Tourniquet Application

Apply the tourniquet as tightly as possible and document the time of application.

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Nosebleed Treatment

Instruct the passenger to lean forward and pinch the fleshy part of the nose.

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Air Sickness Management

Move the passenger to a seat over the wings or near the forward section.

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Hypoxia Assistance

CCMs should immediately administer oxygen to a passenger experiencing hypoxia and monitor for improvement within 15 seconds.

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Newborn Resuscitation Priority

The primary concern when resuscitating a newborn is to clear the airway and stimulate breathing.

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Chemical Burn First Aid

The initial step for a chemical burn is to immediately flush the affected area with water.

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Heatstroke Treatment

To treat heatstroke, quickly lower the casualty's body temperature using cold water sponges and fans.

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Suspected Spinal Injury Handling

When managing a suspected spinal injury, use the jaw thrust technique to maintain the airway and immobilize the head.

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Newborn Not Breathing

If a newborn is not breathing after birth, immediately clear the airway, stimulate the newborn, and begin resuscitation.

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Severe Allergic Reaction Response

If a passenger experiences a severe allergic reaction, administer an Epipen if available and call for medical assistance immediately.

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Cabin Pressurization Failure

In the case of a cabin pressurization failure leading to hypoxia, ensure all passengers don oxygen masks and reduce physical activity.

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Biohazard Waste Handling

Store soiled items from a symptomatic passenger in a biohazard bag and label it appropriately.

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Air Sickness Seating

Relocate a passenger experiencing air sickness to a seat over the wings or in the forward cabin.

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Severe Partial-Thickness Burn

Cover the burn with a sterile dressing and avoid breaking blisters.

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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - First Priority

The first priority for DVT is to elevate the leg and keep the passenger immobile.

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Persistent Nosebleed

If a nosebleed doesn't stop after 30 minutes, reapply pressure and seek medical assistance immediately.

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Time-of-Useful-Consciousness Chart Purpose

The chart helps determine the time available for effective action at high altitudes during hypoxia.

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What's the first thing a CCM should do if they suspect a passenger has a miscarriage?

The CCM should position the passenger comfortably with bent knees, provide a sanitary pad, and contact medical help as soon as possible.

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Dealing with severe external bleeding:

The CCM should apply direct pressure to control blood loss and prevent shock. This is the primary concern.

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What's the procedure for a chemical burn to the eye?

Immediately flush the eye with water from the nose outward, ensuring the casualty is calm.

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What should a CCM do if a passenger has heat exhaustion?

Encourage the passenger to rest in a shaded area, provide cool fluids, and monitor their condition.

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What's the first step if a nosebleed is suspected to be caused by a head injury?

Advise the casualty to lean forward and avoid blowing their nose. This helps prevent further injury.

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What's the crucial consideration when using a tourniquet?

Tighten the tourniquet until bleeding stops and record the time. It's essential to monitor for any damage.

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What's the goal when managing a passenger with Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

The primary goal is to prevent the blood clot from travelling to the lungs.

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How would a CCM assist a passenger with altitude-induced sinus pain?

Recommend yawning, swallowing, or using a nasal spray to relieve pressure.

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What should you do after the baby's head is delivered during emergency childbirth?

Support the baby's head and guide the shoulders out. This helps prevent complications.

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What should be done for a passenger showing early signs of hypoxia?

Reassure the passenger and administer oxygen at 4 liters per minute.

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Anaphylactic Shock Cause

A severe allergic reaction triggered by exposure to a substance the body is hypersensitive to, causing histamine release and blood vessel leakage.

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Anaphylactic Shock Symptoms

Symptoms include red blotchy rash, difficulty breathing, rapid weak pulse, upper body swelling, and altered consciousness.

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Anaphylactic Shock Treatment

Immediate treatment includes DRABCD, EpiPen administration, oxygen, loosening clothing, proper positioning, and keeping warm.

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Heart Attack Cause

Occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a clot in a coronary artery.

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Heart Attack Symptoms

Severe chest pain radiating to arms, jaw, neck, and back; ashen appearance; breathing difficulties; cold clammy skin; sweating; anxiety; tingling fingers; impending doom feeling; vomiting; rapid then weakening pulse; and collapse.

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Heart Attack Treatment

Follow DRABCD protocol, monitor vital signs, administer oxygen, loosen tight clothing, and seek urgent medical assistance.

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Medical Report Importance

A detailed record of the medical event, including passenger details, symptoms, treatment provided, and vital signs, used for sharing with medical authorities on the ground.

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Medical Diversion Criteria

Unrelieved breathing difficulties for 5 minutes or other urgent medical conditions requiring immediate medical attention.

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Hyperglycemia

A condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. It can occur due to excessive eating, insufficient insulin for the amount of food consumed, or a gradual onset of symptoms.

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Hypoglycemia

A condition characterized by low blood sugar levels. It can occur due to missed meals, too much insulin for the amount of food consumed, or a rapid onset of symptoms.

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Epilepsy

A neurological disorder characterized by transient uncontrolled electrical discharges from nerves in the brain, leading to seizures.

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Major Epilepsy (Tonic-Clonic)

A type of epilepsy characterized by a sequence of events: aura, cry, rigidity (tonic stage), jerking movements (clonic stage), slow breathing, cyanosis, salivation, incontinence, and deep sleep.

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Minor Epilepsy

A type of epilepsy that may or may not affect consciousness and is characterized by symptoms such as blank stares, eyelid fluttering, limb twitching, strange sensations, lip smacking, and fidgeting.

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Hyperventilation

A condition caused by rapid and deep breathing, often resulting from emotional stress, fright, or pain. It can lead to numbness, tingling, dizziness, faintness, cramps, and panic behaviors.

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Infantile Convulsions

Seizures occurring in young children (6 months to 4 years) often due to high fever caused by infections like throat or ear infections.

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Treatment for Conscious Hypoglycemia

Calm and reassure the casualty, provide a sugary drink, inform the Captain, and seek medical assistance.

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Treatment for Unconscious Hypoglycemia

Perform DRABCD, administer oxygen, consider administering Glucose 40% injection if a doctor is onboard, inform the Captain, and seek urgent medical assistance.

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Treatment for Epilepsy (Major Attack)

Perform DRABCD, loosen clothing, remove spectacles, pad around the seat to protect the casualty, and allow the seizure to run its course.

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Treatment for Hyperventilation

Perform DRABCD, reassure the casualty, help them calm down, and encourage slow, deep breathing.

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Treatment for Infantile Convulsions

Perform DRABCD, remove clothing, monitor vital signs, and seek medical assistance.

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DRABCD

A sequence of steps to assess and manage a medical emergency: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation.

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Diarrhea Definition

Diarrhea is a frequent and watery bowel movement, often due to a gastrointestinal infection, especially in people who've travelled to less developed countries.

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Miscarriage Symptoms

A miscarriage involves losing a pregnancy before 24 weeks, often with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.

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Expectant Mothers Travel Restrictions

Pregnant women up to 34 weeks can fly. After 35 weeks, no flights are allowed. Multi-pregnancy restrictions are stricter, with a cutoff at 28 weeks.

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Labor Stages

Labor has three stages: 1) Cervix dilates (early and active phases), 2) Baby is born, 3) Placenta is delivered.

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Newborn Resuscitation

If a newborn isn't breathing, gently stimulate by drying them and flicking the soles of their feet. A cry confirms breathing.

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Emergency Childbirth - First Step

When contractions come regularly, don't panic! Request a medical diversion and a doctor to meet the plane.

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Emergency Childbirth - Baby Support

When the baby's head appears, support it with your hand and don't pull. Guide the baby out by rotating the shoulders.

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Emergency Childbirth - Umbilical Cord

If the cord is around the baby's airway, carefully unhook it, if possible. Double-ligate and cut the cord.

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Newborn - Mucus Removal

Gently stroke downward on the newborn's nose to help expel excess mucus and amniotic fluid.

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Newborn - Skin-to-Skin Contact

Place the baby skin-to-skin on the mother, with the baby's head slightly lower than the body to drain mucus.

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Hypoxia - Lethal?

Mistaking hyperventilation for hypoxia can be fatal. Hyperventilation won't kill, but hypoxia can. If in doubt, give oxygen.

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Abdominal Pain - Difficult Diagnosis

It's hard to diagnose specific abdominal issues, but recognizing a serious emergency is crucial. Severe pain, especially sudden onset, is a red flag.

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Diarrhea - Treatment

Give sips of water and tell the casualty to avoid dairy products. Starchy foods may be tolerated if desired.

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Miscarriage - Urgent Action

Always have a doctor examine a woman who seems to be miscarrying. Collect any expelled material for examination.

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Emergency Childbirth - Medical Assistance

Request a medical diversion and medical services to meet the plane when a passenger is in labor.

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What causes Angina?

Angina is caused by an insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to a blockage in the coronary arteries, leading to a lack of oxygen.

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What are the symptoms of Angina?

Symptoms include chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, paleness, and weakness. The pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and arms.

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How do you treat Angina?

Follow DRABCD, reassure the casualty, make them comfortable in a semi-sitting position, and assist them with their medication if they have it. Administer oxygen and inform the Captain.

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What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, damaging brain cells due to lack of oxygen.

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Describe stroke symptoms?

Stroke symptoms include visual disturbances, balance problems, numbness or weakness on one side, severe headache, flushed skin, drooling, speech difficulties, loss of bladder/bowel control, altered consciousness, unequal pupils, and irregular breathing.

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How do you treat a stroke?

Follow DRABCD, administer oxygen, position the casualty comfortably, reassure them, keep them warm, note the time of onset, ensure nothing to eat or drink, inform the Captain and seek urgent medical assistance.

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What is Asthma?

Asthma is a condition where the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, making breathing difficult.

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Name some Asthma triggers.

Common Asthma triggers include allergens, irritants, infections, stress, exercise, and extreme temperatures.

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What are the symptoms of an Asthma attack?

Symptoms include breathing difficulties, wheezing, rapid pulse, bluish skin, restlessness, drowsiness, and inability to complete sentences in one breath.

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How do you treat an Asthma attack?

Follow DRABCD, administer oxygen, reassure and calm the casualty, loosen their clothing, help them sit upright, assist with their medication if they have it, inform the Captain and seek medical assistance.

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What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly due to a lack of or ineffective insulin.

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How is a Diabetic Emergency treated?

Depending on the specific emergency, treatment might include providing sugar if blood sugar is low (hypoglycemia), administering insulin if blood sugar is high (hyperglycemia), and seeking urgent medical assistance.

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What is a critical sign requiring medical diversion?

If rest or medication do not relieve Angina pain, it could indicate a heart attack, requiring medical diversion.

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When would a medical diversion be required for Asthma?

A medical diversion is necessary if the Asthma attack is prolonged, severe, worsening, or the casualty is becoming exhausted.

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What is the role of the Captain in a medical emergency?

The Captain is informed immediately about the situation and will make decisions regarding the flight's course of action, including potential diversion to a medical facility.

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Wounds: Minor vs. Major

Minor wounds can be treated with simple dressing, while major wounds require specialist medical intervention.

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Open Chest Wound Care

Cover with a sterile dressing and place the casualty in a half-sitting position.

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Bleeding: Minor vs. Severe

Minor bleeding can be controlled with direct pressure and dressing, while severe bleeding requires immediate action like a tourniquet.

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Severe External Bleeding Treatment

Apply direct pressure, secure a pressure dressing, and if needed, use a tourniquet. Inform the Captain and seek medical assistance.

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Internal Bleeding Suspicion

Always suspect internal bleeding in casualties showing signs of shock without obvious cause.

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Head Injury: Minor vs. Major

Minor head injuries like concussion have symptoms like dizziness and memory loss, while major injuries require immediate medical attention.

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Head Injury: Preventing Further Damage

Focus on preventing airway obstruction, blood loss, and overheating to minimize further brain damage.

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Concussion Symptoms

Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, and memory loss.

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First Aid: Protective Gloves

Always wear protective gloves when dealing with wounds and bleeding.

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Wound Cleaning

Clean wounds with sterile water to prevent infection.

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Dressings

Cover wounds with sterile or clean dressings to protect them from infection.

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Tetanus

Advise the casualty to seek medical advice regarding tetanus immunization.

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Shock: Recognizing Symptoms

Common symptoms include cold, clammy skin, and a rapid, weak pulse.

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Major Head Injury Cause

Pressure buildup due to bleeding or swelling inside the skull, potentially causing brain damage.

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Major Head Injury Symptom

Unequal pupils where one is larger than the other.

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Spinal Injury Treatment

Stabilize the casualty in the position found, using hands to support the head. Do not move unless there's imminent danger.

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Plaster Cast In-Flight

Allowed if the cast has been in place for more than 48 hours.

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Sprain or Strain Treatment

Follow RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

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Fractured Limb Signs

Swelling, bruising, pain on movement, deformity.

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Dressings Purpose

Cover wounds, control bleeding, protect from further injury, prevent infection.

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Bandages Purpose

Hold dressings in place, control bleeding, support and immobilize, prevent further swelling.

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Burn Severity Factors

Cause, airway involvement, depth, extent.

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Superficial Burn

Involves only the outer skin layer, characterized by redness, swelling, and tenderness.

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Burn Treatment Priority

Airway involvement always requires immediate hospital treatment.

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Oxygen Administration

Administer oxygen to a casualty with a suspected spinal injury.

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Impaired Circulation Check

Compare the injured limb with the healthy one for color and temperature differences.

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Amputated Part Handling

Place the severed part in a sterile bag, keep it cool but do not soak in ice.

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Fractured Limb Immobilization

Immobilize a fractured limb using slings, splints, or bandages.

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Hypoxia

A condition where the body is deprived of sufficient oxygen, often caused by a decrease in cabin pressure.

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Hypoxia Signs

Symptoms like pale skin, dizziness, confusion, and difficulty breathing indicate a lack of oxygen.

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Decompression

A sudden decrease in cabin pressure, often accompanied by a loud 'bang' sound and fogging of the cabin.

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Decompression Treatment

Encourage passengers to put on oxygen masks and breathe slowly to prevent further deterioration.

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Dehydration

A condition caused by a depletion of fluids in the body, leading to a range of symptoms.

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Dehydration Signs

Mild symptoms include thirst and dry lips, while severe dehydration can lead to confusion and rapid heartbeat.

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Dehydration Treatment

Encourage the passenger to drink fluids, and provide medical advice if dehydration is severe.

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Air Sickness

A physiological reaction to motion, characterized by nausea and vomiting.

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Air Sickness Treatment

Move the passenger to a seat over the wings or forward, avoid reading, and limit fluids.

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Heatstroke

A dangerous condition caused by overheating, leading to a rapid deterioration in the passenger's condition.

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Heatstroke Signs

Headache, dizziness, confusion, hot skin, and a rapid pulse are symptoms of heatstroke.

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Flight Safety Rule

Any sick or injured passengers must remain in their seat, unless instructed otherwise by the cabin crew.

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Oxygen Mask Usage

Passengers should place the oxygen mask over their nose and mouth, ensuring a tight seal.

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Sunburn Treatment

Cooling the skin, moving the casualty out of the sun, and providing pain relief. Medical advice is required for extensive blistering or other skin damage.

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DVT Prevention

Moving around regularly, drinking water, and elevating legs by placing luggage in front of the seat.

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EMK Contents

Asthma spray, Nitromint spray, blood pressure gauge, saline solution, glucometer, and Epipen.

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EMK Usage Guidelines

Used only by medical personnel unless a CC member provides 6 items to a passenger. The MEDICAL REPORT should be filled whenever the EMK is used.

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EMK Expiration Date

Determined by the earliest expiration date of any medical material inside.

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DVT Treatment

Resting with the affected leg elevated, offering water, and seeking medical assistance.

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Immediate Medical Diversion

Unrelieved breathing difficulties for 5 minutes or imminent childbirth.

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Medical Clearance Form

Required for passengers who cannot sit upright or have suffered a head injury within 14 days.

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CPR for Pregnant Women

Hands slightly higher on the chest and tilting the body slightly to the left.

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Anaphylaxis Treatment

Administer Epipen, monitor breathing, and assess pulse.

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Hypoxia Symptoms

Pale skin, dizziness, and confusion.

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DVT Signs and Symptoms

Pain, swelling, reddening, and heat in the affected lower limb, tenderness in the calf.

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Minor Burns

Burns that involve only the outer layer of skin, causing redness and pain. These burns usually heal well with prompt care and don't require medical attention, unless extensive.

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Full Thickness Burns

Burns that damage all skin layers, leading to charring, a waxy appearance, and potential deeper tissue damage. They always need medical attention.

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Scalds

Burns caused by hot liquids or steam. They are treated similarly to burns, but clothing should be removed to prevent the heat from being retained.

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Chemical Burns

Burns caused by contact with chemicals. Flush the affected area with water immediately and seek medical help. Identification of the chemical is important.

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Chemical Splash to the Eye

Chemicals can severely damage the eye, potentially leading to blindness. Flush the eye with water from nose outwards to prevent contamination.

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Altitude Physiology

The study of how the human body functions at high altitudes, where atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels are lower.

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Atmospheric Pressure

The weight of air pressing down on the Earth's surface. It decreases as altitude increases.

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Aircraft Pressurization

Aircraft cabins are pressurized to simulate a lower altitude, making it easier to breathe.

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Hypothermia

A condition characterized by dangerously low body temperature, often caused by prolonged exposure to cold.

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Seek Medical Assistance

In cases of burn injury or other medical emergencies, it is crucial to contact a doctor for professional evaluation and treatment.

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Altitude's effect on temperature

Temperature decreases as altitude increases, dropping approximately 2°C for every 1000 feet.

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Humidity and altitude

Humidity, or moisture in the air, decreases significantly above the clouds.

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Optimal altitude for the body

The human body works best at or near sea level, needing acclimatization for altitudes above 10,000 ft.

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Cabin pressure

Cabin pressure is maintained at an equivalent altitude of 6,000 to 8,000 ft during flight.

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Gas expansion at altitude

As air expands at altitude, it can cause pressure build-up in body cavities like ears, sinuses, and teeth.

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Earache due to pressure changes

Ascending causes air pressure to decrease, pushing eardrums outwards. Descending can cause inward pressure.

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Equalizing ear pressure

Yawning, chewing, swallowing, or gently blowing with nostrils held can help relieve ear pressure.

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Sinuses and pressure changes

Inflamed sinuses can trap air, causing pain. Treatment is similar to earache.

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Teeth and pressure changes

Air trapped under fillings or areas of decay can cause pain. Good dental hygiene helps prevent this.

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Stomach and intestines at altitude

Gases in the digestive system expand, causing discomfort. Relief comes from gas escaping.

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Hypoxia: Reduced oxygen levels

The slightly reduced oxygen in a pressurized cabin usually doesn't affect healthy individuals, but it can impact those with certain medical conditions.

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Signs of hypoxia

Early signs include increased pulse and breathing, pale skin, and confusion. Later signs can include slurred speech and visual impairment.

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Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC)

The time an individual can function normally before hypoxia impacts their ability to think and act.

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Factors affecting TUC

Exercise, altitude, and individual health can all affect TUC, reducing it significantly with exertion.

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Hypoxia's impact on the mind

Hypoxia affects the brain's ability to make decisions, process information, and even remember things.

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ISA Model

A standard atmosphere model used in aviation to define atmospheric conditions at different altitudes. It provides reference values for temperature, pressure, and density.

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Partial Pressure

The pressure exerted by a specific gas within a mixture of gases. It is the pressure the gas would have if it occupied the same volume alone.

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Oxygen Pressure Impact on Humans

Human bodies are designed to function within a specific range of partial oxygen pressure. If this pressure falls below a certain level, it can lead to hypoxia.

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Altitude and Temperature

As altitude increases, the temperature generally decreases linearly at a rate of 0.65°C per 100m (or 2°C per 1000ft), but this trend changes with different layers of the atmosphere.

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EMK Status

An Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) can be either Serviceable (S/A) or Unserviceable (U/S). It's S/A if less than 50% of the medical material has been used and it's been used less than 5 times. Otherwise, it becomes U/S.

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EMK Seals

EMKs use seals to indicate their status. A white seal means it's S/A, while a yellow seal means it's U/S. There are also white disposable seals for repeated use.

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EMK Use Form

When an EMK is used, a specific form (G-MN-09_AS5) needs to be filled out by the Cabin Crew (CC).

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EMK Replacement

A used EMK should be replaced before the next flight unless the Minimum Equipment List (MEL) allows for postponement.

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EMK Loss

If the EMK USE FORM or the white disposable seals are lost, the EMK is considered U/S.

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Unsealed EMK

An unsealed EMK found during maintenance or pre-flight checks is considered U/S and needs to be sealed with a yellow seal.

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FAK/FAE Status

First-Aid Kits (FAK) and First-Aid Additional Equipment (FAE) can be S/A or U/S based on expiry date and number of uses.

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FAK/FAE Seals

FAKs use seals similar to EMKs. White = S/A, Yellow = U/S. Disposable white seals allow for up to five uses.

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FAK/FAE Use Form

When FAK/FAE is used, the CC completes a specific Form (G-MN-09_A3/A4) to record the usage.

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FAK/FAE Replacement

Used FAK/FAE needs to be replaced before the next flight, unless a MEL procedure allows for postponement.

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Death Onboard

Cabin Crew (CC) handles death onboard in a professional and compassionate manner, informing the Captain and other crew, moving passengers away and being attentive to the deceased's relatives.

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Death Onboard-Captain's Role

The Captain is responsible for notifying appropriate authorities upon confirmation of a death onboard.

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Aircraft Disinsection

A procedure where insecticide is sprayed on aircraft arriving from tropical areas to prevent disease-carrying insects from entering other countries.

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Aircraft Disinsection Procedure

A plan where crew members walk through the cabin after boarding, spraying insecticide aerosols at a prescribed dosage before takeoff. Passengers are notified by PA.

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Circadian Rhythm

The body's natural 24-hour cycle that affects sleepiness, body temperature, and digestion.

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Jet Lag

The disruption of your circadian rhythm caused by crossing time zones.

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Combating Jet Lag

Strategies to help your body adjust to a new time zone, like controlling light exposure, exercising, and adjusting sleep timing.

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Atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, composed mainly of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, and other gases, creating atmospheric pressure.

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International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)

A model representing Earth's average atmospheric pressure and temperature at sea level (1013.25hPa and 15°C), used as a reference.

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Pressure and Altitude

Atmospheric pressure decreases exponentially with increasing altitude, halving approximately every 5.5 kilometers.

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Meteorology

The science of weather and its forecasting, studying complex interactions of variables that affect weather conditions.

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Weather Phenomena and Cabin Crew

Cabin crew experience the direct and indirect effects of weather, like turbulence that causes cabin vibration, and alternate landings due to weather conditions.

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Meteorological Warnings

Meteorologists issue warnings about weather conditions at airports and high altitudes to help pilots choose the safest route.

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Weather Radar on Aircraft

Many commercial aircraft are equipped with weather radar that detects significant clouds and wind shear, enhancing safety.

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Death on Board Report

A form to be completed and handed to the authorities after a passenger passes away on board.

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Details Required for Death On Board Report

Information needed about the deceased passenger such as circumstantial details, personal information, location on the plane, medical treatment if any, and details of any accompanying friends or family.

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Hypoxia Symptom: Early

Increased pulse rate is the most common early symptom of hypoxia, indicating the body is trying to compensate for low oxygen levels.

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Hypoxia Symptom: Late

Cyanosis of the lips, a bluish discoloration, is a late sign of hypoxia, indicating severe oxygen deprivation.

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Hypoxia Altitude

Hypoxia typically becomes noticeable in healthy people at around 10,000 feet cabin altitude.

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Decompression Sickness Cause

Decompression sickness is caused by the expansion of dissolved gases in body tissues, often due to rapid changes in altitude.

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Decompression Sickness Worsening

Staying at altitude can worsen decompression sickness as the expanding gases continue to cause problems.

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Rapid Decompression Action

The most critical step during a rapid decompression is to activate oxygen masks and monitor for hypoxia.

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Decompression Sickness

A condition caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the bloodstream due to rapid changes in pressure, often during ascents or descents.

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What is a sign of hypoxia that may be mistaken for intoxication?

Uncoordinated movements and slurred speech can be a sign of hypoxia, which may be misidentified as intoxication.

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What causes the "bends" in decompression sickness?

The "bends" are caused by the expansion of nitrogen bubbles in the blood due to rapid changes in pressure.

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Why might smokers be more susceptible to hypoxia?

Smokers are more susceptible to hypoxia because carbon monoxide from cigarettes reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of their blood.

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How can decompression sickness be prevented during a flight?

Decompression sickness can be prevented by encouraging slow ascents and descents, allowing the body to adjust to changes in pressure.

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What distinguishes decompression sickness from hypoxia?

Decompression sickness is caused by gas bubbles forming in the blood due to pressure changes, while hypoxia is simply a lack of oxygen.

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What action should the crew take for a passenger suspected of decompression sickness?

The crew should ensure immediate medical evaluation upon landing for a passenger suspected of decompression sickness.

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Advanced Hypoxia Symptom

Loss of coordination, such as stumbling or difficulty performing simple tasks, indicates a more advanced stage of hypoxia.

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Flight Deck Oxygen Source

During normal flight operations, the flight deck crew's primary oxygen supply comes from a designated oxygen cylinder specifically for the flight deck.

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Flight Deck Oxygen Masks

The flight deck has a total of four oxygen masks available in case of an emergency.

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Emergency Oxygen Duration

Each person in the flight deck needs enough oxygen to last for 20 minutes at 100% flow during emergencies.

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Cabin Oxygen Mask Deployment

Oxygen masks in the cabin automatically deploy when the cabin altitude exceeds 14,000 feet.

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Passenger Oxygen Mask Activation

Passengers activate the oxygen flow from PSUs by pulling the mask sharply towards them.

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PSU Oxygen Generator Chemical Reaction

The oxygen generators in PSUs use the thermal decomposition of sodium chlorate to produce oxygen.

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PSU Oxygen Supply Duration

The oxygen supply generated by PSUs typically lasts for 12 minutes.

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PSU Oxygen Flow Indicator

The inflation of the reservoir bag in the PSU mask confirms the oxygen flow.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Pressure

A fully charged portable oxygen bottle has a standard pressure of 1800 PSI.

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Oxygen Mask Function During Decompression

If oxygen masks malfunction during decompression, the aircraft will initiate an emergency descent to a lower altitude where oxygen levels are sufficient.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Flow Test

To ensure a portable oxygen bottle is working, squeeze the reservoir bag to check for oxygen flow.

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High-Flow Outlet Purpose

The high-flow outlet on a portable oxygen bottle is used for immediate first-aid administration, providing a quick and concentrated supply of oxygen.

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Pulse-Dose Oxygen System

Passengers with pre-booked medical needs often use a Pulse-Dose oxygen system, which regulates oxygen flow based on inhalation.

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PBE Ready Indicator

A blue humidity indicator on a Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) signifies that it is ready for use.

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Oxygen Administration Check Frequency

Cabin crew should check the oxygen gauge on a portable oxygen bottle every 30 minutes while it is being used.

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Lavatory Oxygen Masks

Lavatories have two oxygen masks to ensure safety for passengers or crew using the lavatory during an emergency.

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Red Light on Essex-type PBE

A red light on an Essex-type PBE indicates that the hood is no longer functional.

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Oxygen Flow Assurance

To reassure a passenger that oxygen is flowing, cabin crew should show the inflation of the reservoir bag.

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Oxygen Flow Indicator

The color green indicates oxygen is flowing, while red indicates oxygen has stopped.

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PSU Masks Not Deploying

If PSU (Passenger Service Unit) oxygen masks do not deploy automatically, the immediate action is to open the PSU manually using a special tool.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Flow Rate

Portable oxygen bottles use a valve to adjust the flow rate to either a low or high setting, depending on the medical need.

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Medical Oxygen Flow Rate

A portable oxygen bottle typically uses a flow rate of 4 L/min (liters per minute) for medical emergencies.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Flow Confirmation

The yellow bag attached to an oxygen mask inflates when oxygen is flowing from a portable bottle.

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Portable Oxygen Precaution

Before using portable oxygen, it's important to remove grease and makeup from the user's face to prevent a potential fire risk.

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Portable Oxygen Storage

Portable oxygen bottles should be stored on the floor, secured with a safety strap during administration to passengers.

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Minimum Portable Oxygen Pressure

A portable oxygen bottle must retain at least 500 PSI (pounds per square inch) for decompression use.

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Low Portable Oxygen Pressure

If a portable oxygen bottle's pressure gauge needle falls below the red band, the bottle should be replaced immediately.

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Smoke Hood Oxygen Activation

To activate oxygen flow in a smoke hood, tear off the red pull strap and pull the starter.

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Functional Smoke Hood Indicator

A functional smoke hood will have a blue humidity indicator.

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Smoke Hood Oxygen Scrubber

The oxygen scrubber in a smoke hood removes carbon dioxide and water vapor, making the air breathable.

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Smoke Hood Oxygen Duration

A Drager smoke hood provides approximately 20 minutes of oxygen supply.

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Portable Oxygen During Fire

Ensure the oxygen is turned off before firefighting to prevent a fire hazard.

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What's the first step in a medical emergency?

Ensure the area is safe for both crew and the casualty. This ensures the safety of everyone involved and allows for a safe response to the medical emergency.

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What does SAMPLE stand for?

SAMPLE helps gather essential information about a passenger in distress: Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last intake, Events leading to the incident.

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What condition needs immediate diversion?

A passenger who is unconscious and doesn't regain consciousness. This signals a serious medical situation that requires immediate medical attention.

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What info to give the captain?

Tell the captain about the passenger's symptoms, your assessment of the situation, and the actions you've taken or recommend.

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Early sign of hypoxia?

Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the lips and extremities. This indicates reduced oxygen in the blood due to hypoxia.

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Immediate response to decompression?

Help passengers put on their oxygen masks. This ensures they receive supplemental oxygen during a rapid cabin pressure decrease.

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What does 'D' in DRABCD stand for?

'D' stands for Danger. It's the first step of BLS, focusing on ensuring the safety of both the crew and the casualty.

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CPR ratio for adults?

The correct ratio is 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths. This balance maximizes blood flow and oxygen delivery.

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Stroke Identification

Using the BE FAST acronym to recognize potential stroke symptoms.

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Stroke Action

If a passenger shows symptoms like facial drooping and slurred speech, contact the captain and request emergency medical assistance.

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First-Degree Burn Treatment

The first step for treating a first-degree burn is to rinse the area under cool running water for at least 10 minutes.

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Hypothermia Treatment (Don't)

Direct heat (e.g., heating pads) should not be applied to a person with hypothermia because it may lead to cardiovascular shock.

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Oxygen Flow Rate (First Aid)

The high outlet of a portable oxygen bottle has a flow rate of 4 liters per minute for first aid purposes.

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Ear Barotrauma Relief

Performing the Valsalva maneuver is the most effective technique for relieving ear barotrauma during descent.

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Choking (Adult) - First Step

Deliver five back blows, then perform abdominal thrusts for an adult choking passenger.

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Choking (Unsuccessful) - Next Step

If abdominal thrusts are unsuccessful, perform CPR and continue to check the airway.

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Decompression Sickness Symptoms

Common symptoms of decompression sickness include joint pain and skin rash.

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Decompression Sickness Treatment

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still if they exhibit symptoms of decompression sickness.

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Infectious Disease PPE

Cabin crew should use gloves, a mask, and a face shield when managing a potentially infectious passenger.

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Severe Ear Barotrauma Symptom

Bleeding from the ear is a key indicator of severe ear barotrauma, a condition that occurs due to pressure difference between the ear and the outside environment.

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Seizure Management - Passenger Safety

During a passenger's seizure, cabin crew should move objects away from the passenger and protect their head to prevent injury.

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Panic Attack Approach

When a passenger experiences a panic attack, cabin crew should offer reassurance, encourage slow deep breathing and manage the situation calmly.

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Mental Health Emergency - Primary Goal

The primary goal when managing a mental health emergency is to provide calm, non-threatening support to the passenger and prevent escalation.

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Passenger Mask Oxygen Duration

A passenger oxygen mask typically provides 12 minutes of oxygen after automatic deployment.

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Rapid Decompression - First Action

In a rapid decompression, cabin crew should immediately don their own oxygen masks before assisting other passengers.

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Infectious Waste Disposal

Waste contaminated by an infectious passenger should be disposed of in a biohazard bag according to airline protocols.

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Toxic Substance Ingestion - Cabin Crew Response

If a passenger ingests a toxic substance, cabin crew should identify the poison and provide oxygen if needed.

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Emergency Childbirth Kit - Essential Item

Sterile scissors for cutting the umbilical cord are included in an emergency childbirth kit.

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Post-delivery Action - Baby Care

After a baby is delivered, the key action is to clear the airway and ensure the baby is breathing.

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Spinal Injury Management - Primary Precaution

The most important precaution when handling a suspected spinal injury is to avoid moving the passenger unless absolutely necessary.

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Neck Injury Support

Support a passenger with suspected neck injury by immobilizing the head and neck with manual support.

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Stroke Identification - Prioritization

When identifying stroke symptoms using the BE FAST acronym, cabin crew should prioritize providing oxygen and contacting the captain for medical diversion.

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Hypoxia - First Action

When a passenger exhibits cyanosis (bluish skin) and confusion due to hypoxia, cabin crew should immediately administer supplemental oxygen.

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Hypoxia - Altitude Risk

Hypoxia is particularly dangerous at high altitudes because of the reduced oxygen saturation in the blood.

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Umbilical Cord Clamping

When should the umbilical cord be clamped and cut during an in-flight childbirth?

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Newborn Warmth

What is the primary method to keep a newborn warm after delivery?

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Recovery Position for Seizures

When is the recovery position appropriate for a passenger during or after a seizure?

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Object in Mouth During Seizure

Why should cabin crew avoid placing objects in a passenger's mouth during a seizure?

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Infection Control Onboard

What is the most effective way to reduce the spread of an infectious disease onboard?

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Contaminated Waste

What should be done with contaminated waste from an infectious disease incident?

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Unknown Substance Ingestion

What is the primary objective for cabin crew if a passenger ingests an unknown substance?

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Inducing Vomiting After Poisoning

Why is it critical to avoid inducing vomiting in a passenger who has ingested poison?

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Post-AED Shock

What should cabin crew do after an AED shock is delivered?

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Automatic Oxygen Mask Deployment

At what cabin altitude will the passenger oxygen masks automatically deploy?

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Slow Decompression Indicator

During a slow decompression, what is a key indicator that cabin pressure is dropping?

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Purpose

What is the purpose of the high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle?

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Inspection

What should cabin crew check during a preflight inspection of portable oxygen bottles?

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Direct Ice on Burns

Applying ice directly to a burn can cause further tissue damage and worsen the injury.

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Infectious Passenger Waste

Waste from an infectious passenger should be placed in a biohazard bag and handled according to airline protocols.

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Seating Infectious Passengers

Seating an infectious passenger away from others is crucial to prevent the spread of infection.

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Hyperventilation Management

Calming a hyperventilating passenger involves encouraging slow, deep breathing using verbal cues.

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Paper Bag for Hyperventilation

Rebreathing into a paper bag is a last resort for hyperventilation as it can lead to excessive carbon dioxide build-up.

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Medical Report Content

The Medical Report should include details of symptoms, treatment provided, and the outcome of an in-flight medical emergency.

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AED for Children

Use pediatric mode and specialized electrodes when using an AED on a child under eight years old.

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Spinal Injury Management

Immobilize the head and neck and avoid moving a passenger suspected of having a spinal injury.

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Moving Spinal Injury Patients

A passenger with a suspected spinal injury should only be moved if there is an immediate threat to their safety.

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BE FAST Acronym - F

The 'F' in the BE FAST stroke recognition acronym stands for Face drooping.

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Stroke Management Priority

The first priority for a passenger showing signs of a stroke is to administer oxygen and monitor their vital signs.

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Hypoxia First Symptom

Euphoria or confusion is the first symptom likely to occur in a passenger experiencing hypoxia.

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Choking Passenger Treatment (Conscious)

Perform 5 sharp back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) until the airway is clear.

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Choking Passenger Treatment (Unconscious)

Deliver 30 chest compressions immediately, then check for an obstruction. Repeat until the obstruction is cleared.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle: First Step

Before using a portable oxygen bottle, check that the pressure gauge indicates a full range. This ensures a sufficient oxygen supply for the passenger.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle: Location

On a B737-800, portable oxygen bottles are typically located behind the last row of seats on the right-hand side. This makes them easily accessible in an emergency.

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Passenger Oxygen Mask Duration

The passenger oxygen masks provided by the PSU panel have an oxygen supply of 12 minutes. This allows for a short-term emergency situation.

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Scott Type PBE: Purpose

The Scott Type PBE is worn by crew members to protect them from smoke inhalation in case of a fire. It provides a dedicated oxygen supply for the crew's safety.

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Unserviceable PBE

If the humidity indicator on a Scott Type PBE is pink, it indicates that the PBE is unserviceable and cannot be used. It needs to be replaced.

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Manually Deploy Passenger Oxygen Mask

If a passenger oxygen mask fails to deploy automatically, use a pointed object to engage the latch release to manually deploy it. This gives the passenger immediate access to oxygen.

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Dräger PBE Donning Sequence

To correctly don a Dräger Type PBE, remove the case, tear the pull strap, and then activate the starter. This sequence ensures the PBE is fully activated and working correctly.

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Type B Quick-Donning Mask

The Type B quick-donning mask does NOT have a built-in fire extinguishing capability. Its primary function is to provide oxygen and protection for the wearer in an emergency.

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Smoke Vent Valve Selector Purpose

This valve on the Type B oxygen mask diverts oxygen flow to the smoke goggles, allowing the passenger to see in smoky conditions.

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Decompression Sickness Management

When a passenger suspects decompression sickness, keep them still and administer oxygen immediately.

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Automatic Oxygen Mask Deployment Altitude

Oxygen masks automatically deploy in the passenger cabin when the cabin reaches an altitude of 14,000 feet.

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Therapeutic Oxygen System

The Avias Pulse Oxygen System (POS) is used for passengers requiring therapeutic oxygen during flight.

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No Smoking Sign During Oxygen Use

The "NO SMOKING" sign prevents fire hazards from the high oxygen concentration present when oxygen is in use.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Safety Precaution

Secure a portable oxygen bottle with a safety strap and handle it with care.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Pre-flight Check

Before using a portable oxygen bottle, ensure the mask is securely attached.

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Tourniquet Use in Emergencies

Apply a tourniquet only for severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure.

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Unconscious Choking Passenger

If a choking passenger becomes unconscious, begin CPR with chest compressions and check for the object in the mouth.

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Dräger Type PBE Oxygen Duration

The Dräger Type PBE provides oxygen for 20 minutes once activated.

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AED Shock Advice

If the AED advises a shock, stop all contact with the casualty and ensure no one is touching them before delivering the shock.

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Avias Pulse Oxygen System (POS) Advantage

The pulse setting on the POS conserves oxygen by delivering it only during inhalation.

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Choking Adult - First Aid

Perform 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver), alternating with 5 back blows, until the airway is cleared.

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Infant CPR Compression Depth

During CPR on an infant, press down about 1/3 the depth of the chest, roughly 1.5 inches.

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CPR Compression Rate (Child)

The ratio of chest compressions to breaths during CPR for children aged 1 to 8 years is 15:2.

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Medical Diversion - Why?

Imminent childbirth with contractions is a reason for immediate medical diversion.

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Manual Oxygen Mask Deployment

A crew member can manually deploy passenger oxygen masks by using a pointed object or MRT to release the latch.

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Adult CPR Ratio

The correct compression-to-breath ratio during adult CPR is 30 compressions to 2 breaths.

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Type B Mask Regulator - 'Normal' Mode

A type B mask regulator in 'NORMAL' mode allows for a mixture of oxygen and air.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Storage

After use, portable oxygen bottles should be stored under the seat of the passenger who used the oxygen.

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PBE Quantity Onboard

Typically, seven Portable Breathing Equipment units are available on board an aircraft.

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Cardiac Event Oxygen Flow Rate

The recommended oxygen flow rate for a passenger experiencing a cardiac event is 4 liters per minute.

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Rapid Decompression Steps

During rapid decompression, immediately don oxygen masks, secure seatbelts, and prepare for a controlled descent.

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Smoke Vent Valve Selector Function

The primary function of the Smoke Vent Valve Selector on a Type B oxygen mask is to allow oxygen to flow to the smoke goggles.

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Motion Sickness Assistance

To assist a passenger experiencing motion sickness, offer them clear fluids and encourage deep breathing.

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Severed Limb First Aid

Place a severed limb in a plastic bag and cool it with ice.

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Scott PBE Humidity Indicator

The humidity indicator on a Scott PBE indicates if the device has been exposed to moisture.

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Passenger Seizure Action

If a passenger is having a seizure, clear the area of sharp objects and protect their head.

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Portable Oxygen Bottle Check

Before using a portable oxygen bottle, check the pressure gauge, ensure the valve is off, and confirm the mask is attached.

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AED Use During CPR

During CPR, pause compressions to attach AED pads and follow voice prompts.

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AED for child under eight

Use the PEDIATRIC mode on the AED with specialized electrodes for children under eight.

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Suspected spinal injury

Immobilize the head and neck and avoid moving a passenger with a suspected spinal injury.

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Moving a spinal injury

Only move a passenger with a suspected spinal injury if there's IMMEDIATE THREAT to their safety, as movement could worsen the damage.

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BE FAST: 'F'

The 'F' in BE FAST stands for FACE drooping, a hallmark sign of a stroke.

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Treating suspected hypoxia

For a suspected case of hypoxia, administer supplemental oxygen immediately, as it provides the missing oxygen.

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Childbirth onboard priority

The MOST CRITICAL step in an emergency childbirth onboard is to clear the baby’s airway to ensure it is breathing.

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Where to place newborn

Immediately after delivery, wrap the baby in a blanket and place it on the mother’s chest to promote warmth and bonding.

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Choking conscious adult

To assist a choking conscious adult passenger, deliver up to five back blows followed by abdominal thrusts.

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Waste from Contagious Passenger

Cabin crew should double-bag waste generated by a passenger with a contagious illness and store it in a secure area.

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AED 'Check Electrodes' Message

If an AED displays 'Check Electrodes,' the crew should reposition and ensure proper attachment of the electrodes.

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Before Delivering AED Shock

Before delivering a shock with an AED, ensure no one is touching the casualty.

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Treating Minor Burns

Run cool water over a minor burn for at least 10 minutes, then seek further instruction.

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Blisters and Burns

Do not pop or puncture blisters on a burn, as it increases the risk of infection.

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Treating Decompression Sickness

Administer oxygen and keep the passenger still when they have a suspected case of decompression sickness.

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Ear Barotrauma Treatment

Encourage the passenger to swallow, yawn, or perform the Valsalva maneuver to relieve ear barotrauma.

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Toxic Substance Ingestion (Response)

If a passenger ingests a toxic substance, cabin crew should prioritize identifying the poison and providing oxygen if necessary.

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Emergency Childbirth Kit

A sterile pair of scissors is included in an emergency childbirth kit for cutting the umbilical cord.

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Newborn After Delivery

The key action after delivering a baby is to clear the airway and ensure the baby is breathing.

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Spinal Injury Precaution

When handling a passenger with a suspected spinal injury, the most important precaution is to avoid moving them unless absolutely necessary.

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Stroke Symptom Prioritization

After identifying stroke symptoms using the BE FAST acronym, cabin crew should prioritize providing oxygen and contacting the captain for medical diversion.

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Hypoxia at High Altitude

Hypoxia is particularly dangerous at high altitudes because of reduced oxygen saturation in the blood.

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Anaphylactic Reaction (Immediate Action)

If a passenger has difficulty breathing and visible swelling of the face and throat, cabin crew should immediately administer the passenger's epinephrine auto-injector.

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Anaphylaxis Position

The most appropriate position for a passenger experiencing an anaphylactic reaction is reclining with legs elevated.

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Scott PBE Indicator

A blue humidity indicator on the Scott PBE confirms its operational readiness.

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Newborn Warmth Method

The primary method to keep a newborn warm after delivery is to cover the baby with a blanket and foil wrap.

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What is the first action for cabin crew in a medical emergency?

Ensure the area is safe for both the crew and the casualty.

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Which condition requires immediate diversion?

Unconsciousness without regaining consciousness.

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What key information to provide the captain in a medical emergency?

Passenger's symptoms, your assessment, and recommended actions.

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Primary early sign of hypoxia?

Cyanosis of the lips and extremities.

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Immediate crew response to rapid decompression?

Assist passengers in donning oxygen masks.

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What does 'D' stand for in DRABCD?

Danger.

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Compression-to-breath ratio for adult CPR?

30 compressions to 2 breaths.

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What to ensure before delivering an AED shock?

No one is touching the casualty.

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What to do after attaching AED pads?

Allow the AED to analyze the casualty's heart rhythm.

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Correct position for the mother during emergency childbirth?

Semi-sitting with legs apart and knees bent.

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First action after delivering a baby?

Clear the airway and ensure the baby is breathing.

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Appropriate response to anaphylaxis?

Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if available.

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Common symptom of decompression sickness?

Joint pain and skin rash.

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When using an AED, what is the first action to take?

Turn on the AED and follow the prompts.

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Oxygen Flow Verification

During a decompression event, the flight crew can verify oxygen flow by checking the passenger flow indicators in the aisle.

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Smoke Vent Valve Selector

The Smoke Vent Valve Selector on Type B oxygen masks directs oxygen to the goggles, protecting the passenger's eyes from smoke.

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Passenger Oxygen Mask

During decompression, the passenger oxygen system uses an oronasal drop-down mask to provide oxygen.

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Fainting Assessment

The first step in assessing a person who has fainted is to check for responsiveness and breathing.

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PSU Chemical Generator Duration

The oxygen supply from the PSU chemical generator typically lasts for 12 minutes during decompression.

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Recovery Position Purpose

The recovery position protects the airway and prevents choking by keeping the tongue from blocking the airway.

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Pre-Booked Oxygen Assistance

To assist a passenger using their pre-booked therapeutic oxygen, cabin crew should attach the mask and ensure oxygen flow based on the passenger's needs.

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CPR Discontinuation

CPR should be discontinued when the casualty regains normal breathing and consciousness.

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Oxygen Mask Deployment Failure

If an oxygen mask fails to deploy during decompression, cabin crew should use the manual release tool (MRT) to release the mask manually.

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Ear Pain During Descent

To help with ear pain during descent, encourage the passenger to swallow or try the Valsalva maneuver.

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Portable Oxygen Flow Confirmation

To confirm oxygen flow when using a portable oxygen bottle, squeeze the plastic bag and check for inflation.

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Dräger PBE Duration

A Dräger PBE (Protective Breathing Equipment) can provide oxygen for a maximum of 20 minutes.

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Uncontrolled Bleeding First Aid

For uncontrolled bleeding, apply pressure directly to the wound and elevate the limb.

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Most effective way to reduce infectious disease spread

Using personal protective equipment (PPE) and isolating the affected passenger is the most effective way to reduce the spread of an infectious disease onboard.

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Handling contaminated waste

Contaminated waste from an infectious disease incident should be stored in a biohazard bag and disposed of according to airline protocols.

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Primary objective for unknown substance ingestion

When a passenger ingests an unknown substance, the primary objective is to identify the substance and contact ground medical support.

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Why avoid inducing vomiting after poisoning

Inducing vomiting after poisoning is dangerous because it can cause further damage to the esophagus or airway.

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AED electrode placement for adults

For an adult passenger in cardiac arrest, AED electrodes should be placed on the upper right chest and one on the lower left chest.

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What to do after AED shock

After an AED shock is delivered, reassess the casualty and begin CPR if no signs of life are present.

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High-flow setting on portable oxygen bottle

The high-flow setting on a portable oxygen bottle provides concentrated oxygen for medical emergencies.

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Preflight portable oxygen bottle inspection

During preflight inspection, check the pressure in the red band, ensure the valve is in the OFF position, and ensure the mask is attached.

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Opening portable oxygen bottle valve

The valve on a portable oxygen bottle should be opened slowly to avoid sudden oxygen flow that could damage the tubing.

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Replacing portable oxygen bottle

Replace a portable oxygen bottle when it’s below 500 PSI.

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Treating a thermal burn

The first step in treating a thermal burn is to run cool water over the burn for at least 10 minutes.

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Study Notes

Aviation First Aid

  • Primary Purpose of First Aid: Provide emergency treatment for sudden illness or injury until professional help arrives.
  • Medical Clearance Form: Required when a passenger cannot sit upright.
  • Medical Diversion Triggers: Continuing unconsciousness (over 5 minutes), severe unrelieved pain, impending childbirth (contractions), and other serious conditions.
  • Hypoxia: Mild symptoms are not typically a reason for immediate medical diversion.
  • Basic Life Support (BLS) Sequence (DRABCD): Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation

CPR and Specific Cases

  • CPR for Pregnant Women: Place hands slightly higher on the chest and tilt the body slightly to the left during compressions.
  • Choking Adult (Conscious): Heimlich maneuver (5 times, alternating with 5 sharp back blows).
  • Anaphylaxis: Difficulty breathing, swelling, and rash; immediate medical diversion needed.
  • AED Location: Left-hand bin forward of the cabin.
  • Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung): Administer oxygen and monitor breathing as first step.

Other Medical Emergencies

  • Epipen Administration: Inject into the thigh at a 90-degree angle.
  • CPR Compression-to-Breath Ratio (Adult): 30:2.
  • Bag-Valve Mask (BVM): Used for manual ventilation of an unconscious passenger.
  • Chest Compressions (Adult): 5-6 cm deep, 100-120 per minute.
  • Unconscious Choking: 30 chest compressions, then 2 rescue breaths immediately.
  • Hypoxia Treatment: Administer oxygen and monitor the passenger.
  • Casualty Assessment (SAMPLE): Checking for current medications.
  • Fainting (Recovery): Lay the passenger down, raise their legs, and loosen tight clothing.

Medical Diversion and Patient Considerations

  • Unconsciousness Duration for Diversion: 5 minutes.
  • Hypoglycemia Symptoms: Pale, sweaty skin, confusion, faintness.
  • AED Pad Placement (Child): One on the chest, the other below the left collarbone.
  • Severe Allergic Reaction: Administer Epipen, monitor breathing, check pulse.
  • Rautek Maneuver: Safely move an unconscious passenger to protect their spine.
  • Newborn Flight Clearance: 7 days.
  • AED Low Battery Indicator: Continues limited function.
  • Hairy Chest Treatment: Shaving the chest before applying AED pads.

Further Procedures and Considerations

  • Shock Symptoms: Cold, clammy skin, rapid pulse.
  • Choking Passenger (Unconscious): Immediate chest compressions followed by rescue breaths.
  • Oxygen Therapy for Decompression: Flushes nitrogen bubbles, increases oxygen levels.
  • CPR Rate (Adult): 100-120 compressions per minute.
  • CPR Rate (Child): 80-100 compressions per minute.
  • CPR Depth (Child): 1/3 chest depth
  • Asthma Attack: Administer inhaler, assist with oxygen if needed.
  • DRABCD Procedure: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation.
  • Choking - Conscious (Back Blows): Provide 5 sharp back blows.
  • Death Onboard: Report to captain and secure the body.
  • Pregnant Passenger in Shock: Tilt slightly left; administer oxygen.
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Keep the passenger seated and calm; elevate the affected leg.

Specific Scenarios and Actions

  • Medical Report Location: Sealed envelope in the flight deck.
  • Passenger with Head Injury and Medical Clearance: Medical clearance needed.
  • Stretcher Passenger Accommodation: Remove rows of seats.
  • Passenger with Anaphylaxis Priority: Administer Epipen, provide oxygen.
  • Oxygen Requirement: Shortness of breath, confusion, bluish skin.
  • SAMPLE Acronym: Extra information about recent events is an example of an “E” element.
  • Fainting (Conscious): Lay flat, raise legs; loosen clothing
  • Pulse Check: Carotid artery in the neck is a reliable location.
  • Rescue Breaths (Child): Use the head-tilt, chin-lift technique; ensure inflation.
  • AED Advice (“No Shock Required”): Continue chest compressions.
  • Pulse Check (Newborn): Brachial artery.
  • Imminent Birth: Contractions less than 10 minutes apart, water breaking.
  • Disruptive Passenger: Second warning card, may use handcuffs.
  • Infant Chest compressions: Middle of the chest, using 2 fingers.

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