PBSN 527 Lecture 10
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Questions and Answers

What are common complications associated with acute kidney injury?

  • Increased appetite
  • Insulin resistance
  • Improved kidney function
  • Fluid overload (correct)

    • Which of the following factors can contribute to acute kidney injury?

  • Dehydration (correct)
  • High protein diet
  • Increased fluid intake
  • Regular exercise

    • How are the various types of acute kidney injury classified?

  • According to geographical location
  • By the underlying cause (correct)
  • Based solely on symptoms
  • Based on severity only

    • What is a commonly recognized medication-related cause of acute kidney injury?

    <p>Antibiotics like aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition correctly describes acute kidney injury?

    <p>Rapid decrease in kidney function over hours to days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the management approach for acute kidney injury?

    <p>Monitoring electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do risk factors play in the prevention of acute kidney injury?

    <p>They help identify at-risk individuals for targeted interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of epidemiology, which aspect is crucial when assessing acute kidney injury?

    <p>Prevalence and outcome in different populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indicator for decreased renal function?

    <p>Decreased blood creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) other than ischemic injury?

    <p>Medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best treatment for patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

    <p>Supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of pre-renal AKI?

    <p>Tubular necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high urine specific gravity suggests which type of AKI?

    <p>Pre-renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives filtration in the nephron?

    <p>Glomerular capillary pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate renal blood flow in ml/min?

    <p>1276 ml/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about filtration fraction is false?

    <p>Filtration fraction is consistent regardless of renal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

    <p>Abrupt decline in renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a decrease in estimated GFR significant for diagnosing AKI?

    <p>It shows a decrease of 25% or greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What urine output defines oliguria in AKI?

    <p>Less than 500 mL/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a required diagnostic criterion for AKI according to AKIN?

    <p>An increase in baseline SCr by 25% or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome associated with non-oliguria?

    <p>Better outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of acid-base imbalance is commonly associated with AKI?

    <p>Both alkalosis and acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), how is an increase in SCr defined for diagnosing AKI?

    <p>Increase of 1 mg/dL or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal urine output for adults?

    <p>1 mL/kg/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of estimating GFR in clinical practice?

    <p>Estimating creatinine excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of a GFR of 125 ml/min in liters of filtrate formed per day?

    <p>180L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could lead to faster progression of renal failure?

    <p>Poorly maintained hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive agents is known to decrease renal failure progression in non-diabetic patients?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition corresponds to the following electrolyte concentration: Hypokalemia?

    <p>K+ 3.5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Furosemide and other loop diuretics primarily act at which segment of the nephron?

    <p>Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is primarily used to modify renal function at the Thick ascending limb?

    <p>Loop diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following electrolyte disorders manifests with a sodium level of 145 mEq/L?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of mannitol in the treatment of renal conditions?

    <p>Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an oral thiazide diuretic?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of using loop diuretics in the context of preventing acute kidney injury (AKI)?

    <p>To increase renal blood flow and urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is considered most commonly used for treating acute kidney injury?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the use of mannitol in treatment?

    <p>Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be targeted for urine output to ensure adequate renal function?

    <p>0.5 mL/kg/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does N-acetylcysteine (NAC) play in preventing acute kidney injury?

    <p>It helps in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is advised as a nonpharmacologic therapy for preventing acute kidney injury?

    <p>Discontinuing offending agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about potassium-sparing diuretics is FALSE?

    <p>They are primarily used for fluid overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage for mannitol administration?

    <p>12.5-25 grams IV over 3-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal in the management of patients with acute kidney injury?

    <p>Maintain appropriate blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main effects of loop diuretics in the context of fluid overload?

    <p>Assist with managing fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pharmacologic therapy for AKI, which solution is recommended for ensuring adequate hydration?

    <p>Isotonic normal saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diuretics is incorrectly matched?

    <p>Chlorothiazide - Loop diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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