Yarubids Dynasty and Imam Nasser
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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main achievements of the Yarubids dynasty during its rule?

  • Development of the first Omani constitution
  • Expelling the Portuguese from coastal strongholds (correct)
  • Establishing a land army for defense
  • Introduction of democratic governance

Which period did the Yarubids dynasty rule Oman?

  • 1624 to 1742 AD (correct)
  • 1700 to 1800 AD
  • 1550 to 1624 AD
  • 1600 to 1650 AD

What aspect of Oman did the Yarubids significantly improve during their reign?

  • Maritime power (correct)
  • Military infrastructure
  • Its cultural heritage
  • Religious freedom

What was the political status of Oman prior to the rise of the Yarubids dynasty?

<p>Suffering from political disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions did the Yarubids establish long-lasting settlements?

<p>Zanzibar and Mombasa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who amended the document in November 2024?

<p>Dr. Mubarak Al Quraini (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Yarubids' expulsion of the Portuguese?

<p>To eliminate foreign influence in Oman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the collapse of the Yarubids state?

<p>Internal power struggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for attacking the Portuguese at their coastal fortresses starting in Sohar?

<p>Imam.Nasser bin Murshid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Imam.Sultan bin Saif-I successfully liberate Muscat and Matrah from the Portuguese?

<p>1650 AD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant building did Imam.Sultan bin Saif-I construct during his leadership?

<p>Nizwa Fort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which islands did Imam.Sultan bin Saif-I incorporate into Omani authority?

<p>Zanzibar and Mombasa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the head of the tribe known as Sheikh in the context of Oman?

<p>The tribal prince or king (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Imam Nasser bin Murshid begin his rule?

<p>1624 AD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Imam.Belarab bin Sultan known for during his governance?

<p>Cultural development and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first area that Imam Nasser aimed to unite internally?

<p>Rustaq (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Imam.Belarab bin Sultan serve as an Imam?

<p>1679-1692 AD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years did it take Imam Nasser to reunify Oman?

<p>10 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Imam.Nasser bin Murshid take when the siege against the Portuguese prolonged?

<p>Built a fort against the Portuguese castle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary challenge Imam Nasser faced after gaining the Imamate?

<p>Internal conflict and family opposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imam.Sultan bin Saif-I drove the Portuguese out from which geographical region?

<p>East Coast of India and East Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Sheikh Khamis bin Said Al-Shaqsi play in establishing Imam Nasser's leadership?

<p>He presented Imam Nasser as a candidate for the Imamate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region was NOT mentioned as a part of Imam Nasser's internal unification efforts?

<p>Salalah (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the age of Imam Nasser when he received the Imamate?

<p>21 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred between Belarab and Saif ibn Sultan?

<p>Saif besieged Belarab in his castle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Imam Belarab prefer to die in the face of conflict with his brother?

<p>He preferred to die rather than fight his brother. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major accomplishments of Imam Saif bin Sultan during his leadership?

<p>He secured a decisive victory in Mombasa after a lengthy siege. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did Imam Saif bin Sultan's reign last?

<p>19 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In his efforts against the Portuguese, how many men did Imam Saif bin Sultan send to Mombasa?

<p>3,000 men (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the siege of Mombasa Fort led by Imam Saif bin Sultan?

<p>The siege lasted 33 months, ending in Omani victory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infrastructure improvement did Imam Saif bin Sultan contribute to during his leadership?

<p>He dug more than 15 new Falajs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Imam Saif bin Sultan buried?

<p>In Al Rustaq (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant criticism of Imam Sultan bin Saif II's leadership?

<p>He was criticized for waste and misuse of public funds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fort did Imam Sultan bin Saif II construct during his reign?

<p>Araad Fort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason for the conflict on power after the death of Sultan bin Saif II?

<p>His eldest son was too young to assume leadership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was elected Imam after Sultan bin Saif II?

<p>Muhanna bin Sultan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location was significant for the election of the new Imam?

<p>Nizwa Fort (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arose regarding the election of Saif bin Sultan?

<p>He was too young to assume leadership in the Imamate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the downfall of Muhanna bin Sultan after his election?

<p>An attack from Yarub bin Belarab forced him to abandon Imamate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the election of Muhanna bin Sultan?

<p>Majority decision without full tribal consensus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of Muhanna bin Sultan after seeking protection from Yarub bin Bel'arab?

<p>Yarub bin Bel’arab put him in prison until he died. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who did the people of Al-Rustaq choose as their leader after rejecting Yarub bin Bel'arab?

<p>Saif bin Sultan II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to the civil war among Omani tribes?

<p>Objections to the authority of Balarab bin Nasser and Saif bin Sultan II. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did the civil war between the factions of Hinawi and Ghafiri last?

<p>20 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age did Saif bin Sultan II officially assume the Imamate from Yarub bin Bel'arab?

<p>18 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the two main leaders in the civil war among the Omani tribes?

<p>Muhammad bin Nasser and Khalaf bin Mubarak (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Balarab bin Nasser take in response to Yarub bin Bel'arab's authority?

<p>He prepared an attack with Bani Hanah. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Yarub bin Bel'arab's rule over the Imamate?

<p>He eventually gave up Imamate to Saif bin Sultan II. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Yarubids Dynasty Rule Period

Ruled Oman from 1624 to 1742 AD.

Yarubids Dynasty Accomplishments

Expelled Portuguese, unified Oman, improved agriculture, expanded trade, built a maritime power, and established settlements on East African coasts.

Pre-1624 Oman

Political disorder after the Nabhanids era, lasting for centuries.

Nabhanids Era

A five-century old political period in Oman before 1624 AD.

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Portuguese Expulsion

The Yarubids Dynasty successfully removed the Portuguese from coastal strongholds in Oman.

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Oman's Unification

The Yarubids Dynasty united Oman into a single state.

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Agricultural Improvement

The Yarubids Dynasty enhanced agricultural practices in Oman.

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Maritime Power Building

The Yarubids Dynasty developed Oman into a significant maritime force.

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Imam Nasser bin Murshid

Founder of the powerful Yarubids State in Oman, ruling from 1624 to 1649 AD.

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Internal Conflict in Oman

A major challenge faced by Imam Nasser, who had to unite different regions of Oman.

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Reunification of Oman

Imam Nasser successfully united Oman after a period of division within 10 years, starting from Rustaq.

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External Invaders in Oman

Another major challenge faced by Imam Nasser, who had to deal with foreign invaders.

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Tribal Authority in Oman

Leadership in Oman was held by Sheikhs, who were considered as kings or princes.

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Portuguese Occupation

Coastal parts of Oman were under Portuguese control.

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Nasser's Election

Imam Nasser was chosen as the leader through a meeting with Omani scholars and dignitaries.

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Imamate Agreement

Imam Nasser's selection as ruler was supported by more than 40 Omani scholars.

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Belarab's Death

Belarab, a ruler, died in his castle while besieged by his brother Saif ibn Sultan in 1692 AD.

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Saif ibn Sultan's Rule

Saif ibn Sultan ruled Oman for 19 years, strengthening the nation and its navy, continuing the fight against Portugal, and expanding irrigation.

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Mombasa Siege

Saif ibn Sultan's forces besieged and captured the Mombasa Fort (Kenya) from the Portuguese in 1698 AD after a 33-month battle.

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Falaj Irrigation

Saif ibn Sultan's reign saw the construction of over 15 new Falaj irrigation systems.

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Civil Conflict in Oman

A conflict between Belarab and his brother, Saif ibn Sultan, existed during Belarab's rule, potentially leading to a power struggle.

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Saif ibn Sultan's Death

Imam Saif ibn Sultan died and was buried in Al Rustaq in 1711 AD.

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Omani Scholars

Around 50 scholars graduated from a school established by a ruler.

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Belarab's Preference

Belarab (ruler) chose death rather than fighting his brother in the conflict.

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Nasser bin Murshid's actions against Portuguese

Nasser bin Murshid surrounded the Portuguese in Sohar, attacked their coastal fortresses, and built a castle to subdue them in 1643. He died in 1649, leaving Muscat, Matrah, and Sohar Fort under Portuguese control.

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Sultan bin Saif-I's role in Omani history.

Sultan bin Saif-I, the second Imam of the Yarubids, liberated Muscat and Matrah from Portuguese in 1650. He also drove out Portuguese from the West Coast of India and East Africa, liberating key islands like Kilwa, Bata, Zanzibar, and Mombasa, establishing an Arab-African Omani state.

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Sultan bin Saif-I's major accomplishment (in less than one year)

Liberation of Muscat and Matrah from Portuguese.

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Sultan bin Saif-I's architectural legacy

He built the Nizwa Fort, 'al-shahba'.

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Belarab bin Sultan's role

Belarab bin Sultan, governor of Muscat, became governor of Al Rustaq after father's victory. He moved to Jibren and built a castle, encouraging education and development in Oman.

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Belarab bin Sultans' time as Imam

Belarab bin Sultan governed for 13 years from 1679 to 1692.

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Portuguese control in Oman (after Nasser)

Muscat, Matrah, and Sohar remained under Portuguese control after Nasser bin Murshid's death.

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Imamate time period of Sultan bin Saif-I

Sultan bin Saif-I's Imamate lasted from 1649 to 1679.

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Sultan bin Saif II's Reign

Imam Sultan bin Saif II ruled Oman for 7 years (1711-1718 AD). He was known for a strong personality but also criticized for misusing public funds. He liberated Bahrain, built forts (Araad and Hazm), and conquered territories from the Persian coast.

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Araad Fort

A fort built by Sultan bin Saif II in Oman. It's significant for its role in Oman’s history.

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Hazm Castle

A castle constructed by Sultan bin Saif II in Al Rustaq.

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Conflict after Sultan bin Saif II's Death

Oman faced a power struggle after Sultan bin Saif II's death due to the age of his successor. The Imam's age was a crucial factor as he was unfit to lead prayers.

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Muhanna bin Sultan

Selected as Imam to Oman after the passing of Sultan bin Saif II, but faced challenges in holding power.

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Yarub bin Belarab's Attack

Yarub bin Belarab, a relative of Muhanna bin Sultan, attacked Muhanna after his election in 1720.

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Power Struggle in Oman

Conflicts over leadership and authority in Oman that arose after the death of Sultan bin Saif II.

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Impossibility of a Minor's Imamship

The concept of appointing a minor as an Imam was not acceptable since they cannot fulfill the duties of an Imam due to their age.

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Yarub bin Belarab's betrayal

Yarub bin Belarab, after initially promising protection, imprisoned and ultimately caused the death of Muhanna bin Sultan.

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Saif bin Sultan II's rise

The people of Al-Rustaq, unhappy with Yarub bin Belarab's actions, sought Saif bin Sultan II as their Imam, requesting assistance from his guardian, Balarab bin Nasser.

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Balarab bin Nasser's role

Balarab bin Nasser, Saif bin Sultan II's guardian, rallied Bani Hanah to oppose Yarub bin Belarab, leading to Yarub's eventual relinquishment of the Imamate.

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Bani Ghafir's dissent

The Bani Ghafir tribe, led by Muhammad bin Nasser, rejected the authority of both Balarab bin Nasser and Saif bin Sultan II.

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Hinawi-Ghafiri conflict

This refers to the civil war that erupted in Oman after the Bani Ghafir's rejection of Saif bin Sultan II's authority.

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Bani Hanah's stance

The Bani Hanah tribe, led by Khalaf bin Mubarak, sided with Saif bin Sultan II and Balarab bin Nasser during the Hinawi-Ghafiri conflict.

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Duration of the conflict

The Hinawi-Ghafiri civil war lasted for a significant period of 20 years.

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Causes of the conflict

The Hinawi-Ghafiri conflict arose from the Bani Ghafir's rejection of Saif bin Sultan II's authority, leading to tribal divisions and a civil war.

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Study Notes

Yarubids Dynasty

  • Ruled Oman from 1624 to 1742 AD
  • Known for expelling Portuguese from coastal strongholds in Muscat
  • Unified Oman
  • Improved agriculture
  • Expanded trade
  • Developed Oman into a major maritime power
  • Established settlements in East Africa (Zanzibar, Mombasa)

Status of Oman Before 1624 AD

  • Oman experienced political disorder for five centuries
  • Diverse tribes held authority, led by a Sheikh/king/prince
  • Portuguese occupied coastal areas

Imam Nasser bin Murshid

  • Founder of the Yarubids state
  • Ruled from 1624 to 1649 AD (25 years)
  • Chosen as a candidate and supported by Sheikh Khamis bin Said Al-Shaqsi
  • Became Imam by agreement between scholars and Omani dignitaries
  • Initially only 21 years old
  • Faced internal conflict, uniting the country (Rustaq to Dahrah Governorate)
  • Also faced external threats from Portuguese, culminating in a siege and the construction of a castle in Sohar.
  • Passed away in 1649 AD

External Invaders

  • Imam Nasser faced Portuguese, starting in Sohar
  • Attacked coastal fortresses
  • Constructed a castle against Portuguese castle in 1643 AD
  • Subdued Portuguese but did not complete this task before his death (1649 AD)

Imam Sultan bin Saif-I

  • Ruled from 1649 to 1679 AD (30 years)
  • Military leader under Imam Nasser bin Murshid
  • Known for wisdom and bravery
  • Liberated Muscat and Matrah from Portuguese in January 1650 AD
  • Drove Portuguese out of East Africa and liberated Kilwa, Bata, Zanzibar and Mombasa
  • Officially integrated those areas into Oman
  • Built Nizwa Fort Al-shahba

Imam Belarab bin Sultan

  • Ruled from 1679 to 1692 AD (13 years)
  • Became governor of Muscat after his father
  • Elected governor of Al Rustaq by consensus
  • Moved from Nizwa to Jibren and built a castle there
  • Interested in development and education
  • Established libraries and schools
  • Made his castle a school with ~50 graduates

Conflict on Power (Yarubids State)

  • Conflict over leadership after Sultan bin Saif II's death
  • Eldest son was too young (12 years old)
  • Another candidate (Muhanna bin Sultan) was elected facing opposition (Yarub bin Belarab)
  • This caused a civil war of 20 years.
  • Leader Yarub bin Belarab was defeated, and Sultan ibn Saif became Imam

External Assistance (Nader Shah)

  • Following the death of Muhammad bin Nasser Al Ghafri in battle, Saif ibn Sultan II was elected Imam again, but opposition led to Persia's Nader Shah attacking Oman and controlling it from Jilfar to Sohar in 1743 AD.
  • Sultan bin Murshid was killed and the Yarubid state fell into weakness and disorder

External Assistance (Merza Khan)

  • Saif bin Sultan II again appealed for assistance from Merza Muhameed Taqee Khan, who took the opportunity to occupy Oman, and could control it from Jilfar to Sohar in 1743 AD.
  • Sultan bin Murshid was killed in a battle in Sohar and the Yarubids State ended weakly and in disorder.

True/False Questions

These questions cover different aspects of the Yarubids Dynasty. Answers are not provided as they are part of the study summary.

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Oman History and Islamic Culture: Yarubids Dynasty PDF

Description

Explore the significant impact of the Yarubids Dynasty on Oman from 1624 to 1742 AD, highlighting its key figures like Imam Nasser bin Murshid. Understand the unification of Oman, the expulsion of the Portuguese, and the advancements in agriculture and trade. This quiz delves into the political landscape before the Yarubids and the establishment of maritime power.

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