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Questions and Answers

What percentage of a typical adult's weight is comprised of body fluids?

  • 80%
  • 70%
  • 50%
  • 60% (correct)

Which factor leads to younger individuals having a higher body fluid percentage?

  • Higher muscle mass (correct)
  • Lower fat percentage
  • Decreased fat cells
  • Increased physical activity

What is a characteristic of third spacing?

  • Increase in blood pressure
  • Increase in urine output
  • Decreased urine output (correct)
  • Decrease in heart rate

Which electrolyte is a major cation found in body fluids?

<p>Sodium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid compartment contains the majority of the body's fluid?

<p>Intracellular space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of IV solution has a higher osmolality than serum?

<p>Hypertonic solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of electrolytes?

<p>Producing glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition does 'third spacing' commonly occur?

<p>Ascites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when fluid accumulates in the tissue spaces, causing swelling?

<p>Edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the serum sodium level indicative of hyponatremia?

<p>Less than 135 mEq/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common source of fluid loss from the body?

<p>Saliva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical manifestation of sodium deficit (hyponatremia)?

<p>Intracranial pressure signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in a patient with sodium deficit (hyponatremia)?

<p>Daily weight and fluid intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a serum sodium level exceeding 145 mEq/L?

<p>Hypernatremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of hypernatremia?

<p>Malfunction of hemodialysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution may be prescribed for sodium replacement?

<p>Lactated Ringer’s solution (C), Isotonic saline solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of severe hypernatremia?

<p>Disorientation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended management for hypokalemia?

<p>Fluid restriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a common cause of potassium deficit?

<p>Vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum potassium concentration?

<p>3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing action is essential when managing a patient with signs of hypokalemia?

<p>Monitoring I &amp; O closely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an expected symptom of hyperkalemia?

<p>Flaccid quadriplegia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is suggested for hyperkalemia?

<p>Diet restriction of potassium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?

<p>Muscle weakness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an isotonic solution?

<p>It has the same salt concentration as normal cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a hypertonic solution?

<p>D5W in normal saline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is considered hypotonic?

<p>0.3% NaCl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in the human body?

<p>It is involved in various physiological processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis refer to?

<p>The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transport process requires carrier molecules?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diffusion occur?

<p>From a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What blood pH level indicates acidosis?

<p>7.30 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from fluctuations in the amount of water in the body?

<p>Edema and dehydration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a body system that regulates acid-base balance?

<p>Cardiovascular System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which buffer system is primarily responsible for regulating pH in intracellular fluids?

<p>Phosphate buffer system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

<p>Kidney disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is appropriate for managing fluid volume deficit?

<p>Initiating oral fluid therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is respiratory acidosis commonly caused?

<p>Hypoventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What arterial blood gas value indicates a normal bicarbonate level?

<p>22-26 mEq/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Excessive bicarbonate intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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