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Questions and Answers

What percentage of a typical adult's weight is comprised of body fluids?

  • 80%
  • 70%
  • 50%
  • 60% (correct)

    • Which factor leads to younger individuals having a higher body fluid percentage?

  • Higher muscle mass (correct)
  • Lower fat percentage
  • Decreased fat cells
  • Increased physical activity

    • What is a characteristic of third spacing?

  • Increase in blood pressure
  • Increase in urine output
  • Decreased urine output (correct)
  • Decrease in heart rate

    • Which electrolyte is a major cation found in body fluids?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid compartment contains the majority of the body's fluid?

    <p>Intracellular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of IV solution has a higher osmolality than serum?

    <p>Hypertonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of electrolytes?

    <p>Producing glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition does 'third spacing' commonly occur?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition called when fluid accumulates in the tissue spaces, causing swelling?

    <p>Edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the serum sodium level indicative of hyponatremia?

    <p>Less than 135 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common source of fluid loss from the body?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical manifestation of sodium deficit (hyponatremia)?

    <p>Intracranial pressure signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in a patient with sodium deficit (hyponatremia)?

    <p>Daily weight and fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a serum sodium level exceeding 145 mEq/L?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>Malfunction of hemodialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solution may be prescribed for sodium replacement?

    <p>Lactated Ringer’s solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential symptom of severe hypernatremia?

    <p>Disorientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended management for hypokalemia?

    <p>Fluid restriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a common cause of potassium deficit?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for serum potassium concentration?

    <p>3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action is essential when managing a patient with signs of hypokalemia?

    <p>Monitoring I &amp; O closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an expected symptom of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Flaccid quadriplegia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is suggested for hyperkalemia?

    <p>Diet restriction of potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an isotonic solution?

    <p>It has the same salt concentration as normal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a hypertonic solution?

    <p>D5W in normal saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution is considered hypotonic?

    <p>0.3% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in the human body?

    <p>It is involved in various physiological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does homeostasis refer to?

    <p>The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport process requires carrier molecules?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diffusion occur?

    <p>From a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood pH level indicates acidosis?

    <p>7.30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from fluctuations in the amount of water in the body?

    <p>Edema and dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a body system that regulates acid-base balance?

    <p>Cardiovascular System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is primarily responsible for regulating pH in intracellular fluids?

    <p>Phosphate buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions is appropriate for managing fluid volume deficit?

    <p>Initiating oral fluid therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is respiratory acidosis commonly caused?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arterial blood gas value indicates a normal bicarbonate level?

    <p>22-26 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Excessive bicarbonate intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

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