Untitled Quiz

International & Access Foundation Programmes

• Computer Science Semester I, Part 2
• Introduction to The Internet
• Lecturer: Nevan Bermingham

What is a Computer?

• A computer is a programmable machine carrying out arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
• A computer is "equipment that operates automatically to process data". (UK Data Protection Act 1998)

Exercise

• What does information technology mean, and what are its components?

What does I.T. mean?

• Information Technology (IT) is a branch of engineering dealing with computers and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.
• IT involves the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems.
• Components: People, Procedures, Hardware, Software, Databases, Telecom.

Computing Evolution

• Early computing devices: Difference Engine (1822, Charles Babbage), AKAT-1 (world's first transistor differential analyzer – 1959), IBM 1401 (1959), IBM 5150 (1981), HP Compaq tablet PC (2003).
• The evolution shows a progression from analogue, physical to electronic digital.

Binary

• All electronic computers operate using binary calculations (0 and 1).

Basic Model of a Computer

• Components: Input (Keyboard, Mouse), Processing (Processor Chip), Storage (Hard Drive, Flash Memory), Output (Monitor, Printer).

High Level View of a Computer

• Components: Applications (e.g., Microsoft Office), Operating System, Computer Hardware, Internet access, Keyboard, Mouse, and Screen.

The Internet

• A global system of interconnected computer networks.
• Composed of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks.
• Includes documents (WWW) and email communication.

The History of the Internet

• Key milestones: ARPANET (1960s), Internet Protocol Suite (1980s).
• Key developments: HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and the first Web browser (Sir Tim Berners-Lee – 1990s).
• Web 2.0 emerged in the 2000s with online gaming, media, video conferencing, social media, blogging, online shopping, and banking.

Group Exercise: What do you think "The Internet Means?"

• Questions related to different internet usage, its impact on work/play, positives and negatives, and future advancements in the IT & Computer Science industry.

Internet Stats 2018

• Overview of Internet Usage: Over 4 billion internet users globally in early 2018, with Asia possessing the majority, and a growing portion of the global population with internet access.
• Global Internet Stats 2018 (user numbers, websites recorded, and popular internet searches):
• Social Media usage: 3.2 billion social media users, with Facebook topping 2.2 billion monthly active users and YouTube surpassing 1.5 billion users in 2018.
• Ecommerce related topics: Significant rise in eCommerce and popularity of certain websites.

Why do devices matter?

• Global Internet Device Shipments Forecast: Demonstrating mobile phone/smartphone, personal computer, and tablet rise in usage, showing increased online device activity.

The iPhone rules "myth?"

• Market share analysis of smartphone devices reveals that Apple devices do not always hold the majority share, with Android and others having significant market penetration over time.

Internet Growth

• Internet of Things (IoT) growth: Number of connected devices is increasing, reaching into the many billions by 2020 (and continuing).

Some Other Facts About the Internet

• Facts highlighting the massive growth and affordability of computer technology and the rise of connected "things" - devices such as mobile phones, cars, wearables.

Group Work (Technology & Internet Trends)

• Directions: This section is made up of student-oriented questions.

Gartner Predicts...

• The focus is on future trends in technology and internet usage, including visual and voice search, blockchain, counterfeit reality, and AI-driven bots.

IoT in Everything

• IoT technology's integration into devices, suggesting the prevalence of an internet of things (IoT) presence in consumer electronics design and security.

Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2019

• This presents a selection of technology trends recognised for their forecast importance.

Internet Changing History?

• A TedTalk discussing how cell phones, Twitter, and Facebook have changed history.

How does the Web Work?

• The process of typing a web address, finding the web server location, requesting the page, and displaying the page.

Webservers

• The role computer servers play in hosting websites, using disk arrays, and specific server computer types.

DNS - Domain Name System

• The hierarchical system used to translate domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses for computers to understand.

Where do you see this in Windows?

• Location of relevant software configurations to manage internet connectivity within the Windows operating system.
• Relevant to setting up computer network configurations.

ICANN

• The organisation that coordinates the maintenance of the databases of IP Addresses and the Internet's global Domain Name System (DNS).

IP Addresses (IP Version 4)

• Format, structure, and components of IP addresses.

IP Addresses

• Structure and allocation of IP addresses within computer networks.

Limit of IP v4

• IPv4 address space limitations driving the need for IPv6.

How does the Internet Work?

• Description of how the internet works from input to output, highlighting the packet-based structure and routing methods used.

How does the Internet Work? Packet Data

• Packet data transfer, its structure, and importance.

Traditional Circuit Switching

• Physical, dedicated channels or circuits for communication; contrasted with the more efficient network architecture that is used when sending data packets across the internet.

Packet Switching Circuits

• Sending data as independent packages; routing and breaking data down into packets, enabling faster and more efficient communication across a variety of applications.

Why Use Packet Data?

• Packet data's efficiency compared to dedicated circuits enables simultaneous data communications across the network, and the ability for the network to handle disruptions or data loss better.

To Recap - The Internet...

• Key components of the internet's structure: global packet-switching network, network of networks, and the World Wide Web.

Further Reading & Resources

• Links to websites containing additional information and further reading.