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Questions and Answers

What role does growth hormone (GH) play during sleep?

  • It decreases immune system function.
  • It promotes wakefulness.
  • It induces REM sleep.
  • It helps build muscle and bone mass. (correct)
  • Which brain wave pattern is associated with a calm and awake brain?

  • Theta waves
  • Beta waves
  • Alpha waves (correct)
  • Delta waves
  • What happens to REM sleep as the night progresses?

  • It disappears after the first cycle.
  • It gets longer with each cycle. (correct)
  • It becomes shorter with each cycle.
  • It occurs only during deep sleep.
  • Which stage of sleep is characterized by theta waves?

    <p>Stage 1 of NREM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of desynchronous brain activity as measured by EEG?

    <p>Every neuron is doing its own thing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon may occur when falling asleep, especially in unfamiliar places?

    <p>Hypnogogic jerk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain wave is involved in processing sensory input, particularly visual information?

    <p>Gamma waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of sleep does dreaming NOT occur?

    <p>Stage 2 of NREM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?

    <p>To maintain circadian rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimulus is considered the most powerful zeitgeber for establishing biorhythms?

    <p>Light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do ultradian cycles occur during the day?

    <p>Every 90-120 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of NREM sleep in memory processing?

    <p>Building memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of shift maladaptation syndrome?

    <p>Health and interpersonal problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT recommended for improving sleep quality?

    <p>Consuming caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells in the retina are involved in signaling the SCN about light exposure?

    <p>Intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dreams are reported to be nightmares?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a morning person, also referred to as a 'lark'?

    <p>They experience alertness in the early hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dreaming theory, what does the threat simulation hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Dreams serve as a practice for handling threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty staying asleep?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during the daytime?

    <p>It helps distinguish day from night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exposure to sunlight affect the circadian rhythm?

    <p>It helps to reset the cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common symptom can result from chronic sleep deprivation?

    <p>Decreased cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the emotional perception of strangers in dreams?

    <p>Emotions are generated by the amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate effect of narcolepsy on sleep?

    <p>Instant transition to REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of K-complexes during sleep?

    <p>To keep the individual from waking up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stages of NREM sleep does delta wave activity become predominant?

    <p>Stage 3 and 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after falling asleep does REM sleep typically first occur?

    <p>90 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential effect of REM sleep deprivation?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system is primarily relied on during deep sleep?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological changes occur during REM sleep?

    <p>Rapid and irregular heart rate and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts of the brain play a significant role in consciousness?

    <p>Brainstem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bilingualism involves using both languages comfortably at the same time?

    <p>Compound bilingualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by the inability to write?

    <p>Agraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does code-switching involve?

    <p>Alternating between multiple languages in speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the increased cognitive effort required when switching languages?

    <p>Switch cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about individuals with dyslexia?

    <p>They have normal intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern?

    <p>A unique type of depression due to insufficient daylight during winter months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does maintenance insomnia differ from onset insomnia?

    <p>Maintenance insomnia involves difficulties in staying asleep all night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of narcolepsy?

    <p>Immediate entry into REM sleep and waking up refreshed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by lack of voluntary control over bodily actions?

    <p>Coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypopnea refer to?

    <p>Reduction of airflow during sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of REM sleep behavior disorder?

    <p>Absent REM paralysis during sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes unresponsive wakefulness syndrome from a coma?

    <p>Individuals can wake but have no awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thalamus in relation to consciousness?

    <p>It enables and regulates consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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