ArtAppQUIZ

• Art appreciation involves understanding art's universal qualities, using design elements for analysis, enhancing enjoyment, and serving as a teaching reference.

History of Arts in the Philippines

• Philippine Arts encompass all art forms developed throughout the country's history and reflect indigenous forms and external cultural influences.
• The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) divides Philippine arts into traditional and non-traditional categories.

Traditional Arts

• Includes folk dances like Singkil, folk architecture (stilt houses, land houses, etc.), maritime transport (boat houses, boat-making), weaving forms (basket weaving, back-strap loom, etc.)
• Includes carving (wood carving, non-clay sculpture), folk performing arts (dances, plays, dramas), folk (oral) literature (epics, songs), folk graphic and plastic arts (calligraphy, tattooing), ornament, textile/fiber art (hat-making, metal crafts)
• Includes pottery (ceramic making, clay sculpture), martial arts, supernatural healing arts, medicinal arts, constellation traditions, and ivory/silver statue craftsmanship.

Non-Traditional Arts (Philippines)

• Includes architecture & allied arts (non-folk architecture, interior design), dance (choreography, direction), design (industrial, fashion), film & broadcast arts (direction, writing), literature (poetry, fiction), music (composition, direction), theater (direction, production), and visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography). The traditional arts include folk architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, folk performing arts/literature/graphic/plastic arts, ornament/textile/fiber art, and pottery.
• The Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) award is the highest distinction for traditional artists, equivalent to the National Artist title.
• Philippine folk architecture varies across ethnic groups, using materials like bamboo, wood, and rock.

Folk architecture examples

• Bahay Kubo: Hut-style, vernacular construction
• Bale: Highland houses, varying in shape
• Coral houses: Found in Batanes, used for wind protection
• Torogan: Royal houses with intricate "okir/okil/ukkil" motifs
• Daru Jambangan: Palace of the Sultan of Sulu
• Religious buildings: Spirit houses, often open-air structures
• Bahay na Bato: Structures blending indigenous and Hispanic motifs
• Folk structures includes rice granaries, World Heritage Sites (Vigan), sacred stick stands, indigenous castles (idjang), and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (payyo).
• Maritime Transport includes boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions.

Boats

• Boats served as "roads" for Filipinos, used for island connectivity
• Boat use in the Philippines dates back to 320 AD from the Butuan boats (balangay)
• The Philippines possesses sea vehicles beyond the balangay like armadahan, avang, awang, balación, bangka, bangka anak-anak, basnigan and others
• Manila Galleons were built by Filipino artisans from 1565 to 1815.

Philippine Arts Timeline (Preceden)

• Visayan art expressed through rock drawings, religious symbols, daily activities, and decorative patterns on wood and rock walls.
• Neolithic Visayans created art through stone weapons, jewelry, decorative crafts, shelters, an alphabet (Baybayin), and tattoos for ornamentation and rites of passage.
• The Spanish introduced formal painting, sculpture, and architecture of Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo styles
• American introduced education by establishing schools like University of the Philippines Diliman, Siliman University and Central University.

American influence

• Heavily influenced architecture and literature
• Influenced through the Art Nouveau style, prominent in Western Europe
• Created accessible educational opportunities for more people. Art primarily featured landscapes, still life, and portraits of high-ranking officials.
• The Japanese invasion brought suffering and halted art development, however Japanese influenced Filipino art with styles like Tanaga and Haiku.
• Fernando Amorsolo continued to express through paintings like “Manila Ruins” (1945).
• Arts in the Post-Colonial (Philippine Modern Art) period are modern, conservative and experimental.
• Contemporary Art is defined by art used to protest or express social or governmental issues through editorial illustrations and with new found awareness of societal issues.

Development of Philippine Art

• Fernando Amorsolo was a Filipino artist known for portraits and rural landscapes.
• Juan N. Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo considered 19th-century masters.
• Juan N. Luna was painter, sculptor, and political activist, with Luna's Spoliarium depicting the aftermath of a gladiatorial match.
• Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo was a significant painter and inspiration for the Philippine reform movement.
• The Art Association of the Philippines (AAP), founded by Purita Kalaw Ledesma, is based in Manila and promotes visual arts.

Art & Creativity

• Jean-Paul Sartre says art is a creative work from human freedom, offering a unique perspective.
• Artworks often go unnoticed due to lack of appreciation
• Appreciating art allows understanding of purpose and beauty, and that creativity solves problems, blends function with style, and enhances uniqueness
• Thorough research is vital to support creativity
• Creative ideas originate in the human mind but art inspires imagination.

Art as Expression:

• People experience emotions, the art is to express.
• Philosopher Robin George Collingwood argues art's purpose is to “express” emotions, not induce them

Assumptions of Art

• The assumption is that art exists across cultures and generations
• Examples of key art pieces in litterature include greek epics like the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", and Sanskrit pieces like the "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana”
• Art is a human interpretation of nature driven by the artist's intention
• Art involves sensory focused experience that manifests in multiple aspects of culture Art is a visible translation of meaning

Purposes for Art

• To express feelings/beliefs
• Understand the human experience
• Understand and give meaning to the unknown

Visual Arts

• Visuals appeal to sight and allow artists to reproduce the perceptions of the world.
• Visuals are accessible with a diverse range of mediums including painting, drawing, and sculpture.
• Performance art incorporates body and key things like time, location, and relationship between audience with focus on context for engagement, interaction, and exploration of concerns
• Poetry expresses emotions and clarity through selected tones with aims for emotional impact enhanced through movement

Architecture

• The art of creating beautiful buildings through construction including the Grand Theatre de Bordeaux
• Dance is a series of creative and free movements to music

Film

• The art of creating the illusion of movement, emphasizing value achieved through motion-picture cameras and animation.

• The end goal is conveying ideas and feelings using effects and techniques enhanced further film festivals and awards.

• Digital Art uses digital technology vs Analog art using hand-manipulated paints allowing control

• Literary arts use words to communicate, emphasizing writing styles with genres like novels from authors like Antoine de Saint-Exupery and William Shakespeare

• Performances are typically scripted though distinct from works of literature

Additional Key points to note

• Key elements include acting, lighting, sound, music, scenery and audience participation
• Applied arts enhances everyday items to bring functional beauty, examples can be industrial/interior design and graphic design
• A "Haiku", is simply an unrhymed verse consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.